Addition of glycerol to lactating cow diets stimulates dry matter intake and milk protein yield to a greater extent than addition of corn grain

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of leucine supplement in the form of rumen-protected tablets on milk yield and composition and plasma amino acids in four high-yielding lactating Holstein cows. The experiment was carried out as a cross-over procedure and was divided into 4 periods of 14 d (10 d preliminary period and 4 d experimental period). Cows were fed ad libitum a diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and a supplemental mixture. The diet, defficient in methionine, lysine, and leucine, was supplemented with methionine+lysine (Control) or methionine+lysine+leucine (Leu) in rumen protected form. The dry matter intake, milk yield and milk yield expressed in energy corrected milk did not differ significantly between the treatments. Milk protein content and yield did not show statistically significant variation. The contents and yield of casein, fat, lactose and urea were unaffected by the treatment. Blood metabolites did not vary between the treatments. The introduction of Leu resulted in higher plasma levels of proline (p

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A comparison of textured versus pelleted concentrates on rumen degradability, dry matter intake, milk yield and composition in lactating Holstein cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a97-008 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 219-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽

W. C. Gardner ◽

L. J. Fisher ◽

J. A. Shelford

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Concentrate Mixture ◽

The Impact

A study was undertaken to compare the feeding of a ground-pelleted concentrate mixture with a textured one. Parameters studied were in situ rumen degradability characteristics of the concentrates, dry matter intake and yield of milk and milk components. A concentrate mixture consisting of barley, corn, canola meal and a vitamin-mineral premix was manufactured in two forms. In the one form, all ingredients were ground and pelleted while in the second, only the canola meal and premix were pelleted while the corn and barley were steam rolled prior to mixing. Initially the degradability characteristics and digestive tract disappearance of the two concentrates were determined in an in situ trial using two non-lactating Holstein cows fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulae. Nylon bags containing 2–3 g of material were prepared in quadruplicate (two replicates per cow per incubation time) and incubated in reverse order 72, 48, 24, 12, 8, 4, 2 and 0 h for each concentrate. Total intestinal disappearance was determined using the mobile nylon bag procedure. The results of the in situ trial indicated that the degradable fraction b of the dry matter was greater for the textured compared with the pelleted form (34.7 vs. 31.2%) while effective degradability of the dry matter was higher for the pelleted form (74.5 vs. 68.0%). Total tract disappearance of the dry matter and protein fractions were not influenced by form of concentrate but rumen disappearance of crude protein was higher for the pelleted form (70.4 vs. 64.2%). The feeding trial employed 14 lactating Holstein cows fed a forage mixture consisting of corn silage and grass silage. Milk and milk protein yields and protein content of the milk were higher, while milk fat content was lower, for cows fed the pelleted compared with those fed the textured concentrate. Rumen pH (6.79 vs. 6.58) was lower for cows fed the pelleted compared with the textured concentrate. There was, however, no effect of form of concentrate on concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid. Form of concentrate fed did not influence dry matter intake but in terms of net energy (Mcal NEL) the diet containing the pelleted concentrate tended to have a higher energy value than the diet containing the textured concentrate (1.76 vs. 1.66 Mcal NEL kg DMI−1). The marked difference in the ratio of milk fat to milk protein, 1.14 vs. 1.29 for pelleted and textured concentrates, respectively, coupled with the impact on rumen degradability characteristics indicated that minor differences in processing can have an impact on product yield from the milk and the efficiency of utilization of the diet. Key words: Textured versus pelleted concentrate, degradability, lactating cows

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Effects of Microencapsulated Methionine on Milk Production and Manure Nitrogen Excretions of Lactating Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11123545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3545

Author(s):

Layla King ◽

Janaka Wickramasinghe ◽

Brooke Dooley ◽

Carrie McCarthy ◽

Emily Branstad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Protein Yield ◽

N Losses ◽

Study Objective ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

The study objective was to determine the effects of rumen-protected methionine (Met) by microencapsulation (RPM) on amino acid (AA) supply to the udder, milk production, and manure nitrogen (N) losses of dairy cows. A corn and soybean-based diet deficient in metabolizable Met (~10 g/d) was supplemented with RPM providing 0, 11.0, 19.3, and 27.5 g/d of Met. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, plasma essential AA (EAA), mammary plasma flow (MPF), and fecal (FN) and urinary N (UN) outputs (g/d) were determined. The RPM increased linearly milk yield, milk protein yield, and energy corrected milk yield (p < 0.040) without affecting DMI. Milk protein yield increased by 50 g/d for the 19.3 vs. 0 g/d dose (p = 0.006) but the rate of increment decreased for 27.5 g/d dose. Plasma Met, and MPF increased linearly with RPM dose (p < 0.050). Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.020) and FN (p = 0.081) decreased linearly with RPM. The UN did not change but total manure N decreased linearly with RPM (p = 0.054). The RPM (19.3 g/d) seemed to help cows overcome the metabolizable Met deficiency while mitigating manure N excretions to the environment.

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Evaluation of rehydrated corn grain silage with okara or soybean inclusion in the performance of lactating cows

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6p2747 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 2747-2758

Author(s):

Tamara Tais Tres ◽

◽

Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽

Robson Marcelo Rossi ◽

Antonio Vinicius Iank Bueno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Corn Grain ◽

Corn Grains

This study aimed to evaluate dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition, and feed efficiency of cows fed corn grain silages with okara or raw soybean inclusion. Six Holstein cows were distributed in a double Latin square and arranged in the following treatments: concentrate formulated based on corn grain silage with 30% okara inclusion; concentrate of corn grain silage with 20% raw soybean inclusion, and concentrate based on dry corn grains. Statistical analysis was performed using Bayesian inference. Diets formulated with silages reduced dry matter intake compared to the diet of concentrate based on dry grains. High digestibility of DM, OM, NFC, and EE was observed for diets with silage inclusion. Milk presented an increase in CLA for the diet of corn grain silage diet with soybean inclusion. Rehydrated grain corn silage with soybean or okara inclusion reduced dry matter intake and increased nutrient digestibility, maintaining the same milk production, which demonstrates the higher efficiency of these diets.

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The nutritive value for dairy cows of silage made from formaldehyde-treated herbage

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9750769 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 769 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

SC Valentine ◽

JC Radcliffe

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Similar Degree ◽

Significant Treatment

Formaldehyde-prepared silages and untreated silage were made from grass-clover herbage and offered to dairy cows. Formaldehyde was applied at 0.6 and 1.2% of the dry matter of the herbage. The 1.2% formaldehyde-prepared silage had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total organic acids and propionic acid than untreated silage, but a higher concentration of lactic acid. The 0.6% formaldehyde-prepared silage had a similar degree of fermentation to untreated silage, but more lactic acid and less butyric acid were produced. Treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and nitrogen. Cows offered the formaldehyde-prepared silages had significantly greater ad libitum dry matter intakes, produced significantly more milk, protein, butterfat and solids not fat (SNF), and utilized digestible energy more efficiently for milk production than cows offered untreated silage. Differences between treatments in the percentages of butterfat, protein and SNF in milk from cows offered the silages were generally not significant. Treatment with formaldehyde was a suitable method of controlling the ensiling fermentation to Increase the ad lib. dry matter intake and the production of milk and milk components by dairy cows.

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Effects of dry period management on milk production, dry matter intake, and energy balance of dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas-2014-058 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 433-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Khazanehei ◽

S. Li ◽

E. Khafipour ◽

J. C. Plaizier

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Dry Period ◽

Short Treatment ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Lower Production

Khazanehei, H., Li, S., Khafipour, E. and Plaizier, J. C. 2015. Effects of dry period management on milk production, dry matter intake, and energy balance of dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 433–444. Effects of dry-period management on milk production, feed intake, and energy balance were determined in 11 second-parity (PAR 2) and 15 third or later parity (PAR 3+) cows. Cows were paired based on expected calving date, and randomly assigned to treatments including a conventional 60-d dry period with a 39-d far-off and a 21-d close-up diet (CONV), and a short 40-d dry period with only a close-up diet (SHORT). Treatment did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) and energy balance across the 6 wk before calving and the 4 wk after calving. Across the first 16 wk of lactation, cows on the short treatment had lower milk yield compared to cows on the CONU treatment that was mostly due to the lower production in PAR 3+ cows. Also, PAR 3+ cows on the SHORT treatment had lower milk protein yields and higher somatic cell counts than the other cows. In general, PAR 2 cows on the SHORT treatment had similar DMI, fat corrected milk yields, and protein and fat yields and percentages compared to cows in both parity groups on the CONV treatment. This suggests that the SHORT treatment may be suitable for PAR 2 cows, but not for older cows.

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A Meta-Analysis on the Impact of the Supplementation of Rumen-Protected Choline on the Metabolic Health and Performance of Dairy Cattle

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9080566 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 566 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Humer ◽

Bruggeman ◽

Zebeli

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Yield Level ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

After parturition, cows undergo negative energy balance leading to fat mobilization, predisposing them to fatty liver syndrome and ketosis with major consequences for health and reproduction. Supplementation of rumen-protected choline (RPC) has attracted major research efforts during the last decade, assuming that choline improves liver function by increasing very low-density lipoprotein exportation from the liver, thereby improving metabolic profiles, milk production, and reproduction. However, the effects of RPC on production, health, and reproduction have been inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of RPC supplementation, starting from d 20 (± 12.2) ante partum to d 53 (± 31.0) postpartum, on feed intake, milk production performance and metabolic profiles of dairy cows early postpartum. Data analyses from 27 published studies showed an increase in postpartal dry matter intake (from on average 19.1 to 19.9 kg/d; p < 0.01) and milk yield (from on average 31.8 to 32.9 kg/d; p = 0.03) in cows receiving RPC. Milk fat yield and milk protein yield were also increased (p ≤ 0.05), without changing milk protein and fat contents. However, no interactive effects between cow’s milk yield level and RPC-supplementation as well as no dose-dependent effects of RPC supplementation were observed. Supplementing the diet with RPC showed no effects on blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, and cholesterol), independent of the milk yield level of the cows. An effect on liver triacylglycerol contents, incidence of ketosis, and mastitis could not be confirmed across all studies included in this meta-analysis. Also, the positive effects of RPC supplementation on reproductive performance were not consistent findings. In conclusion, supplementing RPC in lactating dairy cows showed positive effects on dry matter intake which likely caused the improved milk yield. However, RPC supplementation did not improve the metabolic health status of the cows. As several factors might be related to the responses to RPC, further research is needed to explore the precise mechanisms of RPC action in lactating cows, especially with regards to feed intake improvement and its related metabolic health-promoting potential in early lactating dairy cows.

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Feed bunk management effects steer performance and behaviour

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18614 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 1442

Author(s):

M. M. Della Rosa ◽

J. R. Toffaletti ◽

M. S. Aello ◽

J. C. Burges

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Animal Behaviour ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Management Effect ◽

Management Effects ◽

Corn Grain

Animal performance and behaviour in fattening steers using ad libitum or restricted feed-bunk management were evaluated. High store-capacity self-feeders with weekly recharge were used in ad libitum management (ADLIB), while manual twice-a-day delivery was used in restricted management (REST). Twenty-four steers were allotted to 12 pens and fed with a high corn-grain diet without roughage, and randomly assigned to one of the treatments. Animal behaviour was recorded every 5 min throughout 24 h for 3 days. No bunk-management effect was evident in bodyweight (P ≥ 0.95) or average daily gain (P = 0.91). Even though ADLIB resulted in higher dry-matter intake (P = 0.03), the animals spent less time per day eating feed than did those under REST (P < 0.01), with more eating sessions per day (P = 0.02), which were shorter (P = 0.06). Rumination time was greater (P = 0.07) under ADLIB than under REST, while the opposite was observed for time spent eating (P < 0.01). Resting time was longer in animals under ADLIB (P = 0.02), with more sessions per day (P = 0.06), than under REST. In conclusion, the two feed-bunk managements evaluated had no negative implications either for animal performance or behaviour.

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Weather, herbage quality and milk production in pastoral systems. 4. Effects on dairy cattle production

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/ea07310 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 222 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. R. Roche ◽

L. R. Turner ◽

J. M. Lee ◽

D. C. Edmeades ◽

D. J. Donaghy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Animal Production ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Cattle Production ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Herbage Quality ◽

Time Of Year

Prevailing weather conditions are one factor that influences herbage growth and quality, and therefore may have a substantial impact on animal production. The objective of the present study was to quantify the associations between weather, herbage quality and mineral concentration, and animal production. Daily weather data and weekly records of herbage quality and mineral concentration, as well as dairy cattle production, were available from a research farm and nearby weather station across the years 1995 to 2001, inclusive. Animal production variables of interest included individual cow milk production and composition, body condition score, and liveweight, as well as group herbage dry matter intake. Results indicate moderate relationships between some weather- and herbage-related variables and dairy cattle production variables, although most relationships appeared to be an artefact of temporal variation, as evidenced by weakening of correlations following adjustment for animal parity, stage of lactation, and week of the year at calving. Prior to adjustment for the confounding factors, the negative associations between milk yield and all temperature-related variables (r = –0.46 to –0.34) were most notable. Following adjustment for time of year, milk yield became positively associated with sunlight hours (r = 0.14). Negative relationships were demonstrated between temperature-related variables and milk protein concentration (r = –0.08), regardless of time of year. Milk protein concentration was positively associated with herbage metabolisable energy content (r = 0.06), water-soluble carbohydrate (r = 0.11), and organic matter digestibility (r = 0.06) concentrations, and negatively associated with ether extract (r = –0.07), acid detergent fibre (r = –0.06), and neutral detergent fibre (r = –0.05) concentrations. Weather, herbage quality and mineral concentration explained up to 22% more variation in dairy cattle production variables over and above farmlet and time of year, with a greater effect on dry matter intake than the other production parameters.

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