A Meta-Analysis Examining the Relationship Among Dietary Factors, Dry Matter Intake, and Milk and Milk Protein Yield in Dairy Cows

After parturition, cows undergo negative energy balance leading to fat mobilization, predisposing them to fatty liver syndrome and ketosis with major consequences for health and reproduction. Supplementation of rumen-protected choline (RPC) has attracted major research efforts during the last decade, assuming that choline improves liver function by increasing very low-density lipoprotein exportation from the liver, thereby improving metabolic profiles, milk production, and reproduction. However, the effects of RPC on production, health, and reproduction have been inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of RPC supplementation, starting from d 20 (± 12.2) ante partum to d 53 (± 31.0) postpartum, on feed intake, milk production performance and metabolic profiles of dairy cows early postpartum. Data analyses from 27 published studies showed an increase in postpartal dry matter intake (from on average 19.1 to 19.9 kg/d; p < 0.01) and milk yield (from on average 31.8 to 32.9 kg/d; p = 0.03) in cows receiving RPC. Milk fat yield and milk protein yield were also increased (p ≤ 0.05), without changing milk protein and fat contents. However, no interactive effects between cow’s milk yield level and RPC-supplementation as well as no dose-dependent effects of RPC supplementation were observed. Supplementing the diet with RPC showed no effects on blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, and cholesterol), independent of the milk yield level of the cows. An effect on liver triacylglycerol contents, incidence of ketosis, and mastitis could not be confirmed across all studies included in this meta-analysis. Also, the positive effects of RPC supplementation on reproductive performance were not consistent findings. In conclusion, supplementing RPC in lactating dairy cows showed positive effects on dry matter intake which likely caused the improved milk yield. However, RPC supplementation did not improve the metabolic health status of the cows. As several factors might be related to the responses to RPC, further research is needed to explore the precise mechanisms of RPC action in lactating cows, especially with regards to feed intake improvement and its related metabolic health-promoting potential in early lactating dairy cows.

Download Full-text

PSXIII-28 Late-Breaking: Lactational performance of dairy cows receiving supplemental His: A meta-analysis

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.694 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 379-379

Author(s):

Susanna Räisänen ◽

Alexander N Hristov

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Lactational Performance ◽

Control Milk ◽

Protein Supply

Abstract The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the effect of supplemental histidine (His) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk (MY) and energy-corrected milk (ECM) yields, and milk components in lactating dairy cows. A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to data from 20 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1999 and 2021. In 12 of the studies His was supplemented to the diet as rumen-protected His and in the remaining experiments free His was infused into the abomasum (5 experiments), the jugular vein (2 experiments) or the duodenum (1 experiment) of the cows. The diets were based on corn silage in 60% and on grass silage in 40% of the studies. In studies where data were available (13 out of 20), metabolizable protein supply was estimated to be on average 98% (min = 85% and max = 110%) of NRC (2001) requirements. Computations were carried out using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (V. 3.3.070). Histidine supplementation increased (P < 0.001) plasma His concentration by 59%, compared with control. Dry matter intake and MY increased (P ≤ 0.002) by 0.22 and 0.36 kg/d, respectively, whereas ECM yield tended to increase (P = 0.07) by 0.14 kg/d with His supplemented diets vs. the control. Milk protein concentration was also increased (P = 0.004) by 0.20 %-units, whereas milk fat concentration tended to decrease (P = 0.10) by 0.11 %-units with His supplementation. Further, His increased milk protein and lactose yield (P ≤ 0.05) by 0.31 and 0.14 kg/d, respectively. Overall, based on the available data, His supplementation of lactating dairy cow rations enhanced DMI, MY and milk protein concentration and yield.

Download Full-text

Addition of glycerol to lactating cow diets stimulates dry matter intake and milk protein yield to a greater extent than addition of corn grain

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2016-12380 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 (8) ◽

pp. 6139-6150 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D.L. Bajramaj ◽

R.V. Curtis ◽

J.J.M. Kim ◽

M. Corredig ◽

J. Doelman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Protein Yield ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Corn Grain

Download Full-text

Integration of the effects of animal and dietary factors on total dry matter intake of dairy cows fed silage-based diets

animal ◽

10.1017/s1751731110002363 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 691-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

P. Huhtanen ◽

M. Rinne ◽

P. Mäntysaari ◽

J. Nousiainen

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Dry Matter Intake

Download Full-text

Supplementation with rumen inert fat of late pregnant dairy cows modifies the relationship between body condition and plasma leptin concentration

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200012321 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2003 ◽

pp. 73-73

Author(s):

G. Jaurena ◽

J. M. Moorby ◽

N.F.G. Beck

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Dry Period ◽

Fat Reserves ◽

Periparturient Period ◽

Plasma Leptin ◽

The Relationship

The association among feeding, body fat reserves, plasma leptin concentration and intake has been indicated in many reports, however the characteristics of these associations in late pregnant ruminants is not yet completely clear. As part of a larger experiment concerned with nutrition during the dry period (DP), a study was undertaken to identify the relationship between precalving fat and protein supplementation with plasma leptin concentration and the association of leptin with fat reserves and dry matter intake (DMI) during the periparturient period. Further results associated with this experiment were reported elsewhere (Jaurenaet al., 2001a.,b; Jaurenaet al., 2003).

Download Full-text

Effects of Microencapsulated Methionine on Milk Production and Manure Nitrogen Excretions of Lactating Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11123545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3545

Author(s):

Layla King ◽

Janaka Wickramasinghe ◽

Brooke Dooley ◽

Carrie McCarthy ◽

Emily Branstad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Protein Yield ◽

N Losses ◽

Study Objective ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

The study objective was to determine the effects of rumen-protected methionine (Met) by microencapsulation (RPM) on amino acid (AA) supply to the udder, milk production, and manure nitrogen (N) losses of dairy cows. A corn and soybean-based diet deficient in metabolizable Met (~10 g/d) was supplemented with RPM providing 0, 11.0, 19.3, and 27.5 g/d of Met. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, plasma essential AA (EAA), mammary plasma flow (MPF), and fecal (FN) and urinary N (UN) outputs (g/d) were determined. The RPM increased linearly milk yield, milk protein yield, and energy corrected milk yield (p < 0.040) without affecting DMI. Milk protein yield increased by 50 g/d for the 19.3 vs. 0 g/d dose (p = 0.006) but the rate of increment decreased for 27.5 g/d dose. Plasma Met, and MPF increased linearly with RPM dose (p < 0.050). Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.020) and FN (p = 0.081) decreased linearly with RPM. The UN did not change but total manure N decreased linearly with RPM (p = 0.054). The RPM (19.3 g/d) seemed to help cows overcome the metabolizable Met deficiency while mitigating manure N excretions to the environment.

Download Full-text

The nutritive value for dairy cows of silage made from formaldehyde-treated herbage

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9750769 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 769 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

SC Valentine ◽

JC Radcliffe

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Similar Degree ◽

Significant Treatment

Formaldehyde-prepared silages and untreated silage were made from grass-clover herbage and offered to dairy cows. Formaldehyde was applied at 0.6 and 1.2% of the dry matter of the herbage. The 1.2% formaldehyde-prepared silage had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total organic acids and propionic acid than untreated silage, but a higher concentration of lactic acid. The 0.6% formaldehyde-prepared silage had a similar degree of fermentation to untreated silage, but more lactic acid and less butyric acid were produced. Treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and nitrogen. Cows offered the formaldehyde-prepared silages had significantly greater ad libitum dry matter intakes, produced significantly more milk, protein, butterfat and solids not fat (SNF), and utilized digestible energy more efficiently for milk production than cows offered untreated silage. Differences between treatments in the percentages of butterfat, protein and SNF in milk from cows offered the silages were generally not significant. Treatment with formaldehyde was a suitable method of controlling the ensiling fermentation to Increase the ad lib. dry matter intake and the production of milk and milk components by dairy cows.

Download Full-text

Effects of dry period management on milk production, dry matter intake, and energy balance of dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas-2014-058 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 433-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Khazanehei ◽

S. Li ◽

E. Khafipour ◽

J. C. Plaizier

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Dry Period ◽

Short Treatment ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Lower Production

Khazanehei, H., Li, S., Khafipour, E. and Plaizier, J. C. 2015. Effects of dry period management on milk production, dry matter intake, and energy balance of dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 433–444. Effects of dry-period management on milk production, feed intake, and energy balance were determined in 11 second-parity (PAR 2) and 15 third or later parity (PAR 3+) cows. Cows were paired based on expected calving date, and randomly assigned to treatments including a conventional 60-d dry period with a 39-d far-off and a 21-d close-up diet (CONV), and a short 40-d dry period with only a close-up diet (SHORT). Treatment did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) and energy balance across the 6 wk before calving and the 4 wk after calving. Across the first 16 wk of lactation, cows on the short treatment had lower milk yield compared to cows on the CONU treatment that was mostly due to the lower production in PAR 3+ cows. Also, PAR 3+ cows on the SHORT treatment had lower milk protein yields and higher somatic cell counts than the other cows. In general, PAR 2 cows on the SHORT treatment had similar DMI, fat corrected milk yields, and protein and fat yields and percentages compared to cows in both parity groups on the CONV treatment. This suggests that the SHORT treatment may be suitable for PAR 2 cows, but not for older cows.

Download Full-text

Production response in dairy cows milked two or three times a day: A meta-analysis

Veterinaria México OA ◽

10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2020.2.562 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Juan Isidro Sanchez-Duarte ◽

Alvaro Garcia ◽

Karla Rodríguez-Hernández ◽

David G. Reta-Sánchez ◽

Homero Salinas-Gonzalez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Milking Frequency ◽

Production Response

The objective was to evaluate the effects of two (2×) vs three (3×) times per day milking on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. Fourteen scientific papers, containing production data from 16 trials, where dairy cows were milked 2× or 3×, were analysed using meta-analysis with fixed and random-effects with the R statistical program. The degree of heterogeneity and publication bias were measured with the I2 statistic and Begg’s test, respectively. In addition, the meta-regression analysis explored other sources of heterogeneity for the response. The estimated effect size of 2× and 3× milkings was calculated for dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and milk composition. Dry matter intake, milk production, and milk fat and protein yields showed substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%). Whereas milk fat-percentage had moderate heterogeneity (I2<50%), and milk protein had no (I2=0%)heterogeneity. The year of publication, trial duration, and cattle breed did not influence production response parameters to milking frequency. We found no evidence of publication bias for the parameters evaluated (Begg’s test; P>.05). Cows milked 2× produced less milk (2.23 kg/d), less milk fat (0.06kg/d), and less milk protein (0.05 kg/d). In contrast, the fat percentage was lower (0.07 units) in 3×, compared with 2× milking frequency. There was no effect of milking frequency on DMI and milk protein percentage. In conclusion, milk production and milk fat and protein yields improves as milking frequency increase from 2× to 3× daily, without affecting DMI. The implementation of 3× milking frequency must consider dairy cow management, labor, and milking parlour infrastructure, particular to each dairy farm.

Download Full-text