Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates from dairy heifer calves and adult lactating cows in a Mediterranean pasture-based system of Australia

From 1 January to 31 December 2018, thirty-six institutions around Australia participated in the Australian Enterococcal Sepsis Outcome Programme (AESOP). The aim of AESOP 2018 was to determine the proportion of enterococcal bacteraemia isolates in Australia that were antimicrobial resistant, and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of the E. faecium isolates. Of the 1,248 unique episodes of bacteraemia investigated, 93.5% were caused by either E. faecalis (54.2%) or E. faecium (39.3%). Ampicillin resistance was not detected in E. faecalis but was detected in 89.4% of E. faecium. Vancomycin non-susceptibility was not detected in E. faecalis but was reported in 45.0% of E. faecium. Overall 49.3% of E. faecium isolates harboured vanA or vanB genes. Of the vanA/vanB positive E. faecium isolates, 52.9% harboured vanA genes and 46.2% vanB genes; 0.8% harboured both vanA and vanB genes. The percentage of E. faecium bacteraemia isolates resistant to vancomycin in Australia is substantially higher than that seen in most European countries. E. faecium consisted of 59 multilocus sequence types (STs) of which 74.4% of isolates were classified into six major STs containing ten or more isolates. All major STs belong to clonal cluster (CC) 17, a major hospital-adapted polyclonal E. faecium cluster. The predominant STs (ST17, ST1424, ST796, ST80, ST1421, and ST262) were found across most regions of Australia. The most predominant clone was ST17 which was identified in all regions except the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. Overall, 55.8% of isolates belonging to the six predominant STs harboured vanA or vanB genes. The AESOP 2018 study has shown that enterococcal bacteraemias in Australia are frequently caused by polyclonal ampicillin-resistant high-level gentamicin-resistant vanA- or vanB-harbouring E. faecium which have limited treatment options.

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The Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology - Microbial Resistance to Drugs ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-74095-4_16 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 387-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. M. Shlaes ◽

C. A. Currie-McCumber

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Molecular Epidemiology

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Salmonella enterica in Invasive Lizard from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago: Serotyping, Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8122017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2017

Author(s):

Carlos R. Abrahão ◽

Luisa Z. Moreno ◽

Jean C. R. Silva ◽

Nilson R. Benites ◽

Carlos E. C. Matajira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Island Population ◽

Health Issues ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Geographical Isolation ◽

Indirect Transmission ◽

Fernando De Noronha

Salmonella infection can pose serious health issues, especially to children, elders or immunosuppressed humans. Wild populations of reptiles can reach Salmonella prevalence of up to 100% and the direct or indirect transmission from reptiles to humans have been extensively reported. Fernando de Noronha (FN) is an inhabited oceanic archipelago in the northeast coast of Brazil, with an economy based on tourism. The tegu (Salvator merianae) is the largest lizard native to South America and was introduced to the archipelago in the early 20th century. This study determines the prevalence, serotypes, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enterica in the tegu population from FN archipelago. Results show that S. enterica is widely distributed in the FN tegu population, with 43.8% prevalence. The bacteria were isolated from 70.5% of the sampled sites and a total of 15 serotypes were detected in 98 S. enterica isolates. Strains were further classified into 31 genotypes. Recaptured animals presented distinct genotypes in each season, demonstrating a seasonal strain turnover. Most S. enterica isolates from FN tegus presented low antimicrobial resistance. This is possibly due to geographical isolation of the island population, hampering contact with strains from livestock from the continent, where antimicrobial resistance is common.

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Genomic analysis and antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Vietnam in 2011 and 2015–16

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkaa040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 1432-1438 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pham Thi Lan ◽

Daniel Golparian ◽

Johan Ringlander ◽

Le Van Hung ◽

Nguyen Van Thuong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Phylogenomic Analysis ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

A Minor

Abstract Objectives Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, compromising gonorrhoea treatment, is a threat to reproductive health globally. South-East and East Asia have been major sources of emergence and subsequent international spread of AMR gonococcal strains during recent decades. We investigated gonococcal isolates from 2011 and 2015–16 in Vietnam using AMR testing, WGS and detection of AMR determinants. Methods Two hundred and twenty-nine gonococcal isolates cultured in 2015–16 (n = 121) and 2011 (n = 108) in Vietnam were examined. AMR testing was performed using Etest and WGS with Illumina MiSeq. Results Resistance among the 2015–16 isolates was as follows: ciprofloxacin, 100%; tetracycline, 79%; benzylpenicillin, 50%; cefixime, 15%; ceftriaxone, 1%; spectinomycin, 0%; and 5% were non-WT to azithromycin. Eighteen (15%) isolates were MDR. The MIC range for gentamicin was 2–8 mg/L. Among the 2015–16 isolates, 27% (n = 33) contained a mosaic penA allele, while no isolates had a mosaic penA allele in 2011. Phylogenomic analysis revealed introduction after 2011 of two mosaic penA-containing clones (penA-10.001 and penA-34.001), which were related to cefixime-resistant strains spreading in Japan and Europe, and a minor clade (eight isolates) relatively similar to the XDR strain WHO Q. Conclusions From 2011 to 2015–16, resistance in gonococci from Vietnam increased to all currently and previously used antimicrobials except ceftriaxone, spectinomycin and tetracycline. Two mosaic penA-containing clones were introduced after 2011, explaining the increased cefixime resistance. Significantly increased AMR surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship and use of WGS for molecular epidemiology and AMR prediction for gonococcal isolates in Vietnam and other Asian countries are crucial.

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Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in Saudi Arabia: A review of antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v19i2.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 447-453

Author(s):

Abdulaziz Alqasim

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Colistin Resistance ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is commonly associated with causing urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Over the past two decades, the antimicrobial resistance of ExPEC has increasingly been reported [1]. Given that Saudi Arabia annually hosts mass religious events, such as Hajj, this review investigated several aspects of antimicrobial resistance of ExPEC in this country including the current prevalence of resistance and molecular epidemiology of ExPEC isolates. Generally, the overall prevalence of antibiotic resistance of ExPEC in Saudi Arabia is on increase. The current emergence of colistin resistance in ExPEC represents a major challenge to public health. Local molecular epidemiological studies have shown the dominance of E. coli sequence type 131 (E. coli ST131) over other major ExPEC STs. This is an important observation given that this clone has been associated with high multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamases carriage. To reduce the burden of this resistance in the future, it would be crucial to avoid uncontrolled use of antibiotics in either clinical settings or animal food industry. Keywords: Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, Antimicrobial resistance, ST131, Saudi Arabia, Colistin resistance, Extended-spectrum β-lactamases

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