Single and Multiple Trait Sire Selection. First Lactation Milk Yield and Composition, Conformation, Feed Intake, Efficiency, and Net Income

Abstract In 1996, the NASEM beef cattle committee developed and published an equation to estimate cow feed intake using results from studies conducted or published between 1979 and 1993 (Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle). The same equation was recommended for use in the most recent version of this publication (2016). The equation is sensitive to cow weight, diet digestibility and milk yield. Our objective was to validate the accuracy of this equation using more recent published and unpublished data. Criteria for inclusion in the validation data set included projects conducted or published within the last ten years, direct measurement of forage intake, adequate protein supply, and pen feeding (no tie stall or metabolism crate data). The validation data set included 29 treatment means for gestating cows and 26 treatment means for lactating cows. Means for the gestating cow data set was 11.4 ± 1.9 kg DMI, 599 ± 77 kg BW, 1.24 ± 0.14 Mcal/kg NEm per kg of feed and lactating cow data set was 14.5 ± 2.0 kg DMI, 532 ± 116.3 kg BW, and 1.26 ± 0.24 Mcal NEm per kg feed, respectively. Non intercept models were used to determine equation accuracy in predicting validation data set DMI. The slope for linear bias in the NASEM gestation equation did not differ from 1 (P = 0.07) with a 3.5% positive bias. However, when the NASEM equation was used to predict DMI in lactating cows, the slope for linear bias significantly differed from 1 (P < 0.001) with a downward bias of 13.7%. Therefore, a new multiple regression equation was developed from the validation data set: DMI= (-4.336 + (0.086427 (BW^.75) + 0.3 (Milk yield)+6.005785(NEm)), (R-squared=0.84). The NASEM equation for gestating beef cows was reasonably accurate while the lactation equation underestimated feed intake.

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Effect of type of roughage on feed intake, milk yield and body condition of pregnant goats

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/s0921-4488(96)00868-1 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 131-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Q. Hussain ◽

Ø. Havrevoll ◽

L.O. Eik

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Body Condition ◽

Feed Intake

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Association of Feed Efficiency, Feeding Rate, and Behaviour with the Milk Performance of Dairy Cows

Dairy ◽

10.3390/dairy2040053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 684-694

Author(s):

Lenka Krpálková ◽

Niall O’Mahony ◽

Anderson Carvalho ◽

Sean Campbell ◽

Gerard Corkery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Milk Performance

Identification of the associations of cow feed efficiency with feeding behaviour and milk production is important for supporting recommendations of strategies that optimise milk yield. The objective of this study was to identify associations between measures of feed efficiency, feed intake, feeding rate, rumination time, feeding time, and milk production using data collected from 26 dairy cows during a 3 month period in 2018. Cows averaged (mean ± standard deviation) 2.2 ± 1.7 lactations, 128 ± 40 days in milk, 27.5 ± 5.5 kg/day milk, 1.95 ± 0.69 kg feed/1 kg milk—the measure used to express feed conversion ratio (FCR), 575 ± 72 min/day rumination time, and 264 ± 67 min/day feeding time during the observation period. The coefficient of variation for rumination time (min/d) was 12.5%. A mixed linear model was selected for analyses. The most feed inefficient cows with the highest FCR (≥2.6 kg feed/1 kg milk) showed the lowest milk yield (24.8 kg/day), highest feed intake (78.8 kg), highest feeding rate (0.26 kg/min) and BCS (3.35 point). However, the relative milk yield (milk yield per 100 kg of body weight) was the highest (4.01 kg/day) in the most efficient group with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). Our study showed that the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk) had the highest rumination time (597 min/day; p < 0.05), feeding time (298 min/day; p < 0.05), rumination/activity ratio (4.39; p < 0.05) and rumination/feeding ratio (2.04; p < 0.05). Less active cows (activity time 164 min/day; p < 0.05) were the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). The behavioural differences observed in this study provide new insight into the association of feed behaviour and feed efficiency with milk performance. Incorporating feeding behaviour into the dry matter intake model can improve its accuracy in the future and benefit breeding programmes.

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Structural and non-structural carbohydrates in concentrate supplements of silage-based dairy cow rations. 1. Feed intake and milk production.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v38i3b.16573 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (3B) ◽

pp. 487-498

Author(s):

H. de Visser ◽

P.L. van der Togt ◽

S. Tamminga

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Net Energy ◽

Rumen Degradation ◽

Silage Maize

A feeding trial was carried out with 64 multiparous dairy cows, in which the effect of type of carbohydrate in concentrate mixtures (starch vs. cell wall constituents) and differences in rumen degradation (fast vs. slow) on feed intake and milk yield were studied. The experiment started immediately after parturition and lasted for 15 wk. The basal diet, which comprised 75% of the total DM intake, consisted of wilted grass silage, maize silage and concentrates. The remaining part of the diet consisted of barley (B), maize (M), pressed ensiled beet pulp (P) or moist ensiled maize bran (MB). All diets were given as totally mixed rations. Total intake of DM and net energy did not differ between diets, but differences were found in energy partition. There was a tendency for cows given diet B to show increased liveweight gain, while cows given P mobilized more body reserves compared with the other treatments. Milk yield did not differ between diets, but milk fat content was higher for diet P. Milk protein content was higher for diets B and M compared with P and MB. The lower protein content of the milk of treatment P can be explained by a longer period of negative energy balance, while the lower milk protein in cows given diet MB probably resulted from reduced microbial protein synthesis. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Feed intake and production in dairy breeds dependent on the ration.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v32i1.16929 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 59-61

Author(s):

S. Korver

Keyword(s):

Energy Conversion ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Dry Period ◽

Carryover Effect ◽

Holstein Friesian

In 2 lactations and the dry period, with a changeover between lactations, Dutch Black Pied (DBP), Holstein-Friesian (HF) and DBP/HF crosses with 50% and 75% HF were offered roughage to appetite and 570 or 2310 kg concentrates per lactation. Energy intakes in the 2 lactations were 21 and 27% lower and roughage intakes 22 and 17% higher for cows given low-concentrates vs. high-concentrates; there was no carryover effect from lactation into the dry period when all cows received the same amount of concentrates. HF cows had higher roughage intakes than DBP by 4-5% but differences were only significant in late lactation. HF cows gave 10.1 and 7.2% (594 and 407 kg) more milk and 7.7 and 3.7% more milk energy than DBP cows in the 2 lactations resp.; this contrasts with a yield superiority of HF cows by 15% (974 kg) in the preceding lactation when concentrates were given according to milk yield. Milk yield was 20% (1250 kg) higher with high- than with low-concentrate; a carryover effect was noted at the beginning of the 2nd lactation. Efficiency of energy conversion to milk yield was significantly affected by ration at the beginning of lactation. Breed x ration interaction effects were not significant for intake or milk yield. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Pengaruh Pemberian Ransum dengan Kualitas Berbeda Terhadap Profil Darah, Produksi Susu dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Perah

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v6i1.4940 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aqni Hanifa

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Hb Concentration

<div class="Section1">An experiment was conducted to study blood profile, milk yield and liveweight gain of dairy cows as affected by dietary different quality of diets. The experiment used 15 lactating PFH were assigned into three treatments of diets and</div> five replication, three treatments of diets were : 1) T1 (CP 12% dan TDN 65%); 2) T2 (CP 14% dan TDN 70%) dan 3) T3 (CP 16% dan TDN 75%).The results of this experiment showed that the average of dry matter (DM) intake on Tl, T2 and T3 treatments were 8,59; 10,03 and 10,94 kg/d, respectively (P<0,01). The average of crude protein intake (CP) on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 1,06; 1,44 and 1,71 kg/d (P<0,01), also the average of TDN intake on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 5,52; 6,86 and 8,02 kg/d (P<0,01). The average of Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 10,21: 11,18 and 10,44 g/dl (P>0,05), also the average of eritrosit value on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 3,37; 3,73 and 3,48 million/mm3;, respectively (P>0,05). The average of milk yield on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 8,12; 11,29 and 13,42 l/d (P<0,05). The average of liveweight gain on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 81,66; 117,71 and 320,00 g/d (P>0,05). The conclusions of this research was the highest level of CP and "1'DN in diets (CP 16% and TDN 75%) showed that feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield gave the best than other treatments. Different dietary quality of diets altered significant on feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield, but the treatments did not affect on liveweight gain, Fib and eritrosit concentration. Key words : diets quality, feed intake, blood profile, milk yield, liveweight gain, dairy cows

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Is it useful to define residual feed intake as a trait in animal breeding programs?

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea02105 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 405 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

J. H. J. van der Werf

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Residual Feed Intake ◽

Selection Response ◽

Random Regression ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Multiple Trait ◽

Selection Indices ◽

Feed Utilisation ◽

Definition Of

Residual feed intake is a linear function of feed intake, production and maintenance of liveweight, and as such is an attractive characteristic to use to represent production efficiency. The phenotypic and genetic parameters of residual feed intake can be written as a function of its constituent traits. Moreover, selection indices containing the constituent traits are equivalent with an index that includes residual feed intake. Therefore, definition of the term residual feed intake may be useful to interpret variation in production efficiency, but it does not help in obtaining a better selection response than selection on constituent traits alone. In fact, multiple trait genetic evaluation of constituent traits rather than residual feed intake is likely to be more accurate as this more appropriately accommodates different models for the constituent traits and missing data. For residual feed intake to reflect true biological efficiency in growing animals, it is important that feed intake and liveweight are accurately measured. Accounting for growth and body composition would significantly help in revealing between-animal variation in feed utilisation. Random regression models can be helpful in indicating variation in feed efficiency over the growth trajectory.

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Lactational performance, nursing and maternal behavior of Upton-Meishan and Large White sows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a01-021 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 487-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. Farmer ◽

M. F. Palin ◽

M. T. Sorensen ◽

S. Robert

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Sample ◽

Maternal Behavior ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Energy Content ◽

Large White ◽

Lactational Performance ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

Daily Milk

The growth of litters from 19 Upton-Meishan (UM) and 16 Large White (LW) sows was recorded from birth to weaning (25 d of age). Water and feed intake of sows were recorded. Suckling behavior was studied on days 5 and 20 of lactation. Milk yield was measured on day 22 and a milk sample was obtained the next day. Water intakes were similar (P = 0.947) for both breeds, yet UM sows consumed less feed throughout lactation (P = 0.0002). Average piglet (P < 0.05) and total litter (P < 0.001) weights were greater as of day 7 in UM compared to LW sows. Mean piglet weight on day 24 was 6.13 ± 0.16 kg for UM litters and 5.33 ± 0.33 kg for LW litters. Suckling interval was similar for UM and LW litters on day 5 (P = 0.533), but was shorter for UM litters on day 20 (41.4 ± 1.2 vs. 48.3 ± 2.8 min; P= 0.060). On day 22, daily milk yield corrected for actual suckling interval was greater (10.59 ± 0.47 vs. 8.03 ± 0.65 kg; P = 0.003) in UM sows. Milk from UM sows contained more fat (P= 0.042) and lactose (P = 0.005). In conclusion, the greater growth rate of piglets from UM sows is mainly due to a higher frequency of nursings and to greater energy content of milk. Key words: Sows, lactation, breed, Meishan, behavior, nursing

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EFFECTS OF FEEDING A HIGH LEVEL OF TOWER RAPESEED MEAL IN DAIRY RATIONS ON FEED INTAKE AND MILK PRODUCTION

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas77-084 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 653-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

H. R. SHARMA ◽

J. R. INGALLS ◽

J. A. MCKIRDY

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Short Term ◽

N Retention ◽

High Level

In experiment 1, 12 cows were used to compare the two (0–0) rapeseed meal (1788 and Tower) varieties with the commercial rapeseed meal (CRSM) and soybean meal (SBM). Feed intake, milk yield and fat content were not different (P > 0.05) among the four treatments; however, protein content was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed CRSM and SBM diets than for those fed the 1788–RSM diet. But more (P < 0.05) milk fat was produced by the cows fed 1788–RSM than by those fed CRSM and SBM diets. In experiment 2, eight cows were used to determine the effects of replacing SBM with Tower and also replacing a portion of Tower with urea (TU) in a mixed or extruded (TUE) form on feed intake, milk yield and nitrogen (N) retention. No differences were observed in feed consumption, milk yield or composition among the treatments. Serum thyroxine (T4) level was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed SBM than for those fed the 1788–SBM and was similar to levels for cows fed CRSM and Tower in the first experiment. However, no differences were found in thyroxine level in the second experiment. Extrusion of Tower–urea mixture increased (P < 0.05) the N retention compared with other treatments. These short-term studies suggest that up to 25% Tower RSM can be used in dairy rations without adverse effect on performance.

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Addition of straw to the early-lactation diet: Effects on feed intake, milk yield, and subclinical ketosis in Holstein cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2020-18549 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hesam A. Seifi ◽

Julianna M. Huzzey ◽

M.A. Khan ◽

Daniel M. Weary ◽

Marina A.G. von Keyserlingk

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Subclinical Ketosis

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