scholarly journals Performance, Health, and Postweaning Growth on Calves Fed Cold, Acidified Milk Replacer Ad Libitum

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1871-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Nocek ◽  
D.G. Braund
Keyword(s):  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Ad Libitum

Effect of Offering Concentrate Rations with Different Energy Densities on Calf Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 209-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Fallon ◽  
J.R. Twigge
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Ad Libitum

The primary aim of the calf rearer is to ensure a successful transition from non ruminant to ruminant status while achieving rapid growth and an early intake of solid food. Newbold, Blake and Hagges (1991), found that increasing the concentration of ME in either the starter or milk replacer will not promote more rapid growth, but will simply reduce the rate of starter consumption. This present study investigated the extent to which the energy density of a calf starter ration affected starter intake and liveweight gain in calves receiving a fixed allowance of a high energy milk replacer with ad libitum access to solid calf starter rations.

A note on the performance and management of calves reared on cold acidified milk replacer fed ad libitum

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Thickett ◽  
N. H. Cuthbert ◽  
T. D. A. Brigstocke ◽  
M. A. Lindeman ◽  
P. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dry Food

ABSTRACTResults are presented from six trials dealing with aspects of management on the cold ad libitum system of calf rearing using an acidified milk replacer containing over 600 g skim milk powder per kg.Thirty-six calves were housed in pens of six for each trial and were fed through a teat and pipeline from a storage barrel. Acidified milk replacer, pH 5·6, was mixed cold at 125 g/1 and made available ad libitum to 3 weeks. A rationed allowance was given daily, on a reducing scale, over the following 2 weeks with weaning completed at 35 days. A pelleted dry food containing 180 g crude protein per kg, together with water in buckets and barley straw in racks, was available ad libitum throughout. Each trial lasted 8 weeks. Results for the mean of the six cold ad libitum trials involving 216 calves were compared with the mean results of 10 conventional bucket-fed trials carried out separately at the same unit, involving 912 calves. All calves were purchased British Friesian male (bull) calves.Calves on the ad libitum system showed improved live-weight gains of 9·4 kg at 3 weeks, 8·8 kg at 5 weeks and 7·5 kg at 8 weeks, compared with the conventional system. The consumption of milk replacer powder was higher in ad libitum trials at 29·4 kg cf. 12·5 kg by bucket but intake of pelleted dry feed was lower on the ad libitum system at 50·7 kg cf. 71·3 kg to 8 weeks. Calf appearance scores were significantly improved on the ad libitum system which gave the main improvement in performance in the first 3 weeks.

0774 The effect of weaning over a fourteen-day versus a twenty-one-day period on the performance of calves fed milk replacer on a controlled ad libitum curve through an automatic feeder

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 372-372
Author(s):  
W. S. Bowen Yoho ◽  
C. Hansen ◽  
E. Stephas ◽  
T. Earleywine ◽  
T. E. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Automatic Feeder ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals Decoquinate, lasalocid and monensin for starter feeds and the performance of holstein calves to 20 weeks of age

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maris Bittar Nussio ◽  
John Tal Huber ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Nussio
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

The large utilization of coccidiostats in dairy herds has raised the question regards the best product to use, based on better animal performance. Sixty-four Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatments at 10 (±4) d of age to evaluate calf performance when fed approved coccidiostats available on the market in Arizona, USA. Calves received a dry calf starter without (control) or with one of the following coccidiostats: lasalocid, 30 mg kg-1; decoquinate, 19 mg kg-1; and monensin, 30 mg kg-1. Calves received 3.6 kg d-1 of a commercial 22% CP:20% fat milk replacer until 6 wk of age. Calves were offered starter "ad libitum" up to 2 kg d-1, and calves had free access to water throughout the trial. Alfalfa hay was offered "ad libitum" after weaning. Performance and dry matter intake (DMI) were monitored for 20 weeks and broken down in different periods of measurement (0-6, 7-12 and 13-20 weeks, respectively). Despite the lower dry matter intake and weight gain for females on monensin treatment during the whole period, differences among coccidiostats were seldom observed under the conditions of this study. Good calf management and the dry, hot climate of Arizona perhaps diminished the chances for subclinical and chronic disease appearance which negated potential differences and differences in calf performances.

EFFECTS OF FAT LEVELS IN MILK REPLACERS AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN CREEP FEED ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIALLY REARED LAMBS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
T. M. MACINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Replacers

Two growth trials were conducted to determine an optimum level of fat in milk replacer and an optimum level of protein in creep feed for artificially reared lambs. In experiment 1, milk replacers containing 31 or 36% fat (dry matter, DM, basis) were fed ad libitum to 58 lambs at 1 day of age. The protein was supplied by low-heat spray-dried skim milk powder and Na caseinate and the fat from a mixture of 10% coconut oil and 90% tallow. A finely ground unpelleted creep feed with 20% protein, on a DM basis, was fed ad libitum. The lambs consumed more of the 31% fat milk replacer and gained more live weight (288 vs. 254 g/day; P < 0.025) to weaning at 25–30 days of age than did lambs fed the 36% fat formula. Weight gains to 10 wk of age were 190 and 170 g/day, respectively (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, 84 lambs were fed a 26% fat milk replacer ad libitum, and creep feeds with 15, 20 or 25% protein (DM basis). The supplementary protein was supplied by herring meal and soybean meal. Weight gains of lambs to weaning at 24 days of age were similar on the three creep feeds. However, gains to 10 wk of age averaged 218, 235 and 244 g/day (P < 0.05) on the 15, 20 and 25% protein diets, respectively. One and 2 kg of DM were consumed/kg lamb body weight gain to weaning and to 10 wk of age, respectively. It was concluded that the milk replacer should contain 26–31% fat, and the creep feed 20% protein or more for maximal performance of artificially reared lambs.

A note on the influence of an acidified liquid sow-milk replacer on the performance of sucking and early-weaned piglets

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
M. Ellis ◽  
P. Rowlinson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Ad Libitum

Litters of piglets were given ad libitum access to a sow-milk replacer (SMR) during lactation (200 g SMR per I) and the 1st week after weaning (100 g SMR per I). Weaning was at 3 and 4 weeks of age in the first and second studies respectively. SMR was readily consumed but was associated with a high incidence of scouring, reduced intakes of creep food, and (in one study) increased mortality. There was a trend towards increased litter weight in the 4-week weaning study only.

scholarly journals Effects of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer on performance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and health scores of dairy heifers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0231068
Author(s):  
Joana Palhares Campolina ◽  
Sandra Gesteira Coelho ◽  
Anna Luiza Belli ◽  
Fernanda Samarini Machado ◽  
Luiz Gustavo R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Carry Over

The aim of this study was to evaluate how the inclusion of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR) affects different outcomes of dairy heifers. The outcomes evaluated: feed intake, performance, body development, blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), rumen fermentation, fecal scores, and respiratory scores. All outcomes were evaluated during pre-weaning (4–60 d of age), and carry-over effects during post-weaning (61–90 d of age) periods. The experimental units utilized were 29 newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy heifers, with genetic composition of 5/8 or more Holstein and 3/8 or less Gyr and body weight (BW) at birth of 32.2 ± 5.2 kg. Experimental units were assigned to either a control (CON, n = 15) or a blend of essential oil supplementation (BEO, n = 14) treatment, maintaining a balance of genetic composition. The BEO was supplemented in the MR with 1 g/d/calf of a blend of essential oils (Apex Calf, Adisseo, China) composed by plant extracts derived from anise, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary, and thyme. During the pre-weaning phase, all heifers were fed 5 L of MR/d reconstituted to 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were provided ad libitum. During the post-weaning, animals received a maximum of 3 kg of starter/d, and ad libitum corn silage, divided into two meals. Feed intake, fecal and respiratory scores were evaluated daily. The BW was measured every three days, while body development was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected on 0, 30, and 60 d of age for total blood cell count, weekly and on the weaning day to determinate ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea and glucose, and biweekly for IGF-1. Ruminal parameters (pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia-N, and acetate:propionate proportion—C2:C3) were measured on days 14, 28, 42, 60, 74 and 90. A randomized complete block design with an interaction between treatment and week was the experimental method of choice to test the hypothesis of the BEO’s effect on all outcomes. An ANOVA procedure was used for continuous outcomes, and a non-parametric test was used for the ordered categorical outcomes, both adopting a CI = 95%. Results indicated that there was not enough evidence to accept the alternative hypothesis of the effect of BEO in MR on feed intake, performance, body development, and blood metabolites during both pre-weaning and post-weaning periods. However, results indicated that the inclusion of BEO in MR significantly affects the proportion of C2:C3 during pre- and post-weaning (P = 0.05). Similarly, the effect was significant for basophil (P ≤ 0.001), and platelet (P = 0.04) counts pre-weaning. The interaction between week and treatment was also significant for lymphocytes (P ≤ 0.001), revealing a cumulative effect. Lastly, fecal scores were also significant (P = 0.04) during pre-weaning, with lower values for BEO. The BEO contributed to ruminal manipulation in pre-weaning and carry-over effects in post-weaning, immunity improvement, and decreased morbidity of neonatal diarrhea in the pre-weaning phase.

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