scholarly journals The Impact of a Monensin Controlled-Release Capsule on Subclinical Ketosis in the Transition Dairy Cow

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Green ◽  
B.W. McBride ◽  
D. Sandals ◽  
K.E. Leslie ◽  
R. Bagg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transition Dairy Cow

Advancing dairy farming profitability through research

2001 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
J.R. Caradus ◽  
D.A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Grass Endophyte ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Dairy Cow Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

The New Zealand dairy industry recognises that to remain competitive it must continue to invest in research and development. Outcomes from research have ensured year-round provision of low-cost feed from pasture while improving productivity. Some of these advances, discussed in this paper, include the use of white clover in pasture, understanding the impacts of grass endophyte, improved dairy cow nutrition, the use of alternative forage species and nitrogen fertiliser to improve productivity, demonstration of the impact of days-in-milk on profitability, and the use of feed budgeting and appropriate pasture management. Keywords: dairy, profitability, research and development

scholarly journals Precalving and early lactation factors that predict milk casein and fertility in the transition dairy cow

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 7554-7567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael M. Rodney ◽  
Jenianne K. Hall ◽  
Charlotte T. Westwood ◽  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Ian J. Lean
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Casein ◽  
Transition Dairy Cow

Carbon nanofibers as a micronutrient carrier in plants: efficient translocation and controlled release of Cu nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashfaq ◽  
Nishith Verma ◽  
Suphiya Khan
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
The Impact

The impact of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as a carrier for the micronutrients (Cu NPs) on plant growth through easy translocation and slow release of the Cu NPs in plant tissues.

The economic, environmental and welfare implications of alternative systems of accommodating dairy cows during the winter months

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 838 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. French ◽  
K. O. Driscoll ◽  
B. Horan ◽  
L. Shalloo
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maintain Body Temperature

Pasture grazed in situ is one of the most competitive and sustainable feeding systems for dairy cows globally because of a low environmental footprint, the potential for excellent animal welfare and the relatively low cost in the production and utilisation of the feed. However, because of seasonal variation in grass production and inclement weather conditions, dairy cattle may have to be accommodated and/or fed off pasture. There are numerous infrastructural options for achieving this and the focus of the present paper was to review the research and discuss the merits of these alternate animal accommodation systems, focussing on the impact that they have on the environment, animal welfare and farm profitability relative to pasture-only systems. Research data showed that dairy cow welfare can be protected in a range of well managed alternative winter accommodation. In a temperate climate, such as that which pertains in Ireland, adequately fed adult cattle will not use extra feed energy to maintain body temperature when accommodated outdoors and exposed to the effects of wind, rain and low temperatures, as the heat produced from the digestion of feed is in excess of the requirement to maintain body temperature. The main welfare challenge of a wintering system in such conditions is to provide suitable lying facilities for cows to express normal lying behaviour and provide adequate feed. The primary economic focus of pasture-based systems should be to maximise the length of the grass-grazing season and, consequently, to minimise the period off paddock. Provided that body condition targets can be met, there will be minimal effect of wintering system on dairy cow productivity and the only economic differences will be in costs. The cost analysis should combine the capital costs of construction financed over its useful life and the annual operating costs, including labour.

The impact of uncertainties on predicted greenhouse gas emissions of dairy cow production systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zehetmeier ◽  
M. Gandorfer ◽  
H. Hoffmann ◽  
U.K. Müller ◽  
I.J.M. de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Polymeric Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Black Tea and Coffee Extracts for Topical Applications

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Pooja Makhija ◽  
Himanshu Kathuria ◽  
Gautam Sethi ◽  
Bert Grobben
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Topical Applications

Tea and coffee are popular beverages. Both are also used in topical applications, such as ultraviolet (UV) protection, anti-aging, and wound healing. However, the impact of tea and coffee extract on skin cells is minimally explored. This study investigated the direct exposure of tea and coffee extract on skin cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It was found that direct exposure of tea and coffee to skin cells can be toxic at a high dose on prolonged exposure (72 h). Therefore, it was hypothesized that a formulation providing a controlled release of tea and coffee could improve their skin compatibility. Thermally cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels loaded with tea and coffee extracts (with and without milk) were formulated and optimized. The release profiles of these hydrogels were studied at varying loading efficiency. Milk addition with tea extract retarded the tea extract release from hydrogel while minimally affecting the coffee release. This effect was due to the molecular interaction of tea with milk components, showing changes in size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. The release study best fitted the Korsmeyer–Peppas release model. Skin cells exposed to tea or coffee-loaded hydrogel showed normal skin cell morphology under fluorescence microscopic analysis. In conclusion, the hydrogels controlled the tea and coffee release and showed biocompatibility with skin cells. It can potentially be used for skin applications.

scholarly journals Controlled-release Fertilizer during Cutting Propagation Affects Growth and Tissue Nutrient Concentrations of Rooted Cuttings of Annual Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Tissue Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Soilless Substrate ◽  
The Impact

Our objectives were to quantify the effects of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on the growth, morphology, and tissue nutrient concentration of annual bedding plants during propagation. Unrooted cuttings of Angelonia angustifolia ‘AngelFace White’ and ‘Sundancer Pink’, Impatiens hawkeri ‘Celebrette Apricot’ and ‘Celebrette Rose Hot’, Nemesia fruticans ‘Bluebird’ and ‘Raspberry Sachet’, Pelargonium ×hortorum ‘Savannah Red’, and Petunia ×hybrida ‘Cascadia Marshmallow Pink’ and ‘Suncatcher Yellow’ were received from a commercial propagator. Cuttings were immediately stuck individually in cells containing soilless substrate supplemented with 0, 3, 6, 12, or 24 g·L−1 CRF (Osmocote Plus 15–3.9–10 3–4 month) and placed under clear mist water or cuttings were stuck in substrate containing no CRF and fertilized with water-soluble fertilizer beginning immediately after placing cuttings into propagation. Shoot dry mass of cuttings grown in substrates containing up to 12 or 24 g·L−1 CRF increased by up to 150% for some taxa compared with unfertilized cuttings. Incorporating CRFs into propagation substrates increased the concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in tissues by up to 103%, 42%, and 137%, respectively, compared with unfertilized cuttings. Additionally, tissue nutrient concentrations for cuttings fertilized with 6 g·L−1 CRF or greater were similar to cuttings receiving water-soluble fertilizer (WSF). When the impact of CRF on growth and nutrient concentrations are taken together, our results indicate that CRF is a fertilization application technology that holds promise for use during propagation of herbaceous stem-tip cuttings.

scholarly journals Effects of Light, Soil Moisture, and Nutrition on Greenhouse Propagation of Twinflower

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-788
Author(s):  
Jonathan Foster ◽  
Stephanie Burnett ◽  
Lois Stack
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
The Impact

Twinflower (Linnaea borealis) is an understory subshrub native to northern regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. Some growers report that this native plant is difficult to propagate. Although twinflower prefers partial shade and grows in areas with naturally variable moisture, there has been no greenhouse propagation work testing the impact of light or soil moisture conditions on root development of this plant or whether fertilizer impacts root development or root:shoot ratios during propagation. The goal of the first experiment was to propagate twinflower under a variety of daily light integrals (DLI)—27.6, 14.4, or 5.8 mol·m−2·d−1—and soil volumetric water content values (θ = volume of water ÷ volume of soil) 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45 L·L−1, both parameters aimed at reproducing a range of natural conditions. The largest roots were grown at DLIs of 5.8 and 14.4 mol·m−2·d−1 and θ values of 0.30 and 0.35 L·L−1. In the second experiment, twinflower plants were grown in substrates with 0, 2.1, or 5.0 g·L−1 of incorporated controlled-release fertilizer (14N–6.1P–11.6K). Root and shoot dry weight increased at both treatment rates. The relative percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the total concentrations of manganese in parts per million, increased in foliage, as well. In both experiments, the source of cuttings impacted results. In the first experiment, cuttings taken from the source that was in the most light were least likely to survive (26% survival rate) compared with cuttings taken from stock plants growing in partial shade (65% or 82% survival rates, by site). In the second experiment, cuttings taken from source plants that were most intensively managed for removal of weeds and competing plants had the highest survival rate and the greatest shoot and root dry weight. We recommend propagating twinflower with moderate rates of fertility (i.e., 2.1 g·L−1 of incorporated controlled-release fertilizer) under some shade (5.8–14.4 DLI) and a moderate θ (0.30–0.35 L·L−1).

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