scholarly journals Independent Kurdish State in Middle East: An Upcoming Epicenter of Middle East Power Politics

2017 ◽  
Vol II (II) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Farhat Kounain ◽  
Ahmed Saeed Minhas ◽  
Ghulam Qumber
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Fault Lines

The paper is an attempt to encompass the geo-political and geo-strategic fault lines which could put the region in a perpetual strategic dilemma leading to initiation of a strategic tug of war between the Middle Eastern Powers. The author has highlighted various pros and cons of establishment of an independent Kurdistan and its implications on the entire Middle Eastern Region. Moreover the author has analyzed various practical reasons behind the non-establishment of an independent state. Furthermore last part of paper focuses on the global and regional reactions on the establishment of new Kurd state followed by few policy options.

scholarly journals Cooperation in Israeli-Saudi Relations: Impact on Iran in the Middle East

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 394-400
Author(s):  
Sumeera Imran ◽  
Sarim Akram Bacha ◽  
Zafar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The Us ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
The Relationship

The study explores the transformation in great power politics and factors affecting the dynamics of the Middle Eastern political landscape, such as the relationships between ideological arch-rivals of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Israel. The closing up of the relationship between KSA and Israel is a historic transformation, holding immense potential embodying change in the strategic landscape of the Middle East. The article argues that the changing dynamics of global power politics has polarised the political dynamics of the Middle Eastern region along opposite poles. The US, China and Russian involvement in the Middle Eastern region have pushed the ideological arch-rival of KSA to the US and Israel, pushing Iran to tilt towards Russia and China in the region. Therefore, the significance of the study lies in the changing nature of international structure and the way this shift has impacted the inter-dynamics of Saudi-Israeli cooperation in the Middle East.

scholarly journals Islamic corporate social responsibility (ICSR) concept: The case of 21st century Middle East

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Meshaal J. Alshammary
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Un Global Compact ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Arab League ◽  
Corporate Social

Markets are the place where buyers and sellers meet. The characteristics of such a place are almost universal, measurable, money is the medium, and the rules are mainly simple and flexible. Customers, partners and suppliers, competitors, and employees are the elements of the market environment. On the other hand, the non-market elements are everything that affects the market indirectly. Non-market strategy recognises that businesses are social and political beings, not just economic agents. A non-market strategy allows a company to shape the environment in which it operates, creating opportunities. Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) derives itself from core principles in the holy Qur’an. The three major foundational principles for ICSR are the vicegerency of mankind on earth, divine accountability and the duty on mankind to enjoin good and forbid evil. ICSR concept appears to be in close conformity with the Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact, but in many respects go further than the minimum standards adopted by this framework. MNCs should not underestimate the Middle Eastern region historical events of the Arab League boycott, the Danish cartoons and the ‘Arab Spring’ revolution. Admitting these, the ICSR concept will offers great opportunities for MNCs to invest and operate in the Middle East.

Middle East Studies and Muslim Experience after September 11th, 2001

2016 ◽  
pp. 272-291
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Western Society ◽  
United States Foreign Policy ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
September 11Th ◽  
Domestic Security ◽  
New Ideas

United States foreign policy towards the Middle East has shifted from advocating authoritarianism, to embracing capitalism and free market, and finally, to promoting democracy. These shifts have been administered after new ideas emerged to supersede old ones, thus justifying new thrusts in policy approach. Following the September 11th terrorist attacks, there was a major change in the US policy in Islamic countries, and in the Middle Eastern region in particular. The September 11th attacks demonstrated that support for corrupt, authoritarian, yet pro-Western regimes jeopardized American domestic security, and the failure of U.S policy destabilized the region. We present different concepts which show that today's Islamophobia may harm the formation of a real multicultural society in which Islam can become a recognized and meaningful part of Western society.

Quantitative Characterization, Design Considerations and Sustainable Resource Management for Middle Eastern Tight Gas Reservoirs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijith Suboyin ◽  
Md Motiur Rahman ◽  
Mohamed Haroun
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Water Scarce

Abstract Augmented by recent activities in the oil and gas industry, it can be seen that an economical and efficient hydraulic fracturing job has become critical for the successful development of unconventional reservoirs. However, exploitation of unconventional reservoirs is heavily water-intensive as compared to conventional reservoirs. Given this concern, it is essential to reform how water is managed within the industry, especially in water scarce regions such as the Middle East. In this study, a comprehensive investigation that deals with the quantification of changes with respect to variation in prime contributors within a traditional fracture design process is presented. This can assist to determine the distinct contributions of an element within fracture design parameters, as they are imperative to evaluate the nature of fracture propagation. After an extensive assessment, a set of natural fractures were introduced to the system and the system behavior was further investigated to identify their behavior and optimize resource management. Based on an iterative process, the results of the constructed simulation models were analyzed in depth and validated with field data. Overall, the results indicate that for the given field conditions, fluid and proppant optimization are critical to achieve maximum recovery. The dominance of parameters such as fracture width, fracture length, proppant placement and Young’s Modulus are also illustrated in depth. To examine the associated response on long-term productivity, the results have been extended to current field practices and cases. A rough analysis was conducted in-house, on geological data from a candidate field in the Middle East. Findings shows the potential to optimize and reduce the required water for an operation by 1.3 million gallons. This further highlights the need to optimize and tailor an adaptable workflow, which is proposed in this study, for water scarce regions such as the Middle East. In addition to ultimately assisting in verification of modern best practices, this investigative approach will create a paradigm for future studies within the Middle Eastern region to assist in a simplistic prediction of fracture propagation behavior and its associated response to optimize water usage. The results have also been extended along with comparisons to current field practices.

Middle East Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manochehr Dorraj
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Cold War

The scholarly literature on Middle Eastern foreign policies has long treated the region as a pawn in the larger game of the great powers’ international rivalry for global supremacy. During the Cold War, Middle Eastern foreign policies were seen in terms of East-West confrontation, or as a replica of Western foreign policies. Over time, more sophisticated theories of Middle Eastern foreign policy have emerged. Two of the earliest theories that were applied to the study of Middle Eastern foreign policies were diplomatic political history and psychological approaches. Some scholars argue that the behavior of Middle Eastern states is reflective of some of the basic premises of the realist theory. Others, adopting a neorealist structural approach, contend that while Middle Eastern states may use the language of Islam and Pan-Arabism, power politics still lies at the core of their foreign policy. These scholars consider the shift in the regional and the global balance of power as the major explanatory factors for understanding foreign policy changes in the Middle East. Then there are those who conceptualize Middle Eastern foreign policies primarily in terms of dependency theory, the core-periphery power relations, and a struggle for the control of the region's oil and energy. Two other approaches to the study of Middle Eastern foreign policies are international political economy and bureaucratic politics. The Palestinian–Israeli conflict has been a major polarizing issue responsible for radicalization of regional politics and foreign policies in the Middle East.

scholarly journals Atyaephyra tuerkayi Christodoulou et al., 2012 and Palaemon turcorum (Holthuis, 1961) (Decapoda, Caridea) in the Middle Eastern Region of the Mediterranean

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Enrique González-Ortegón ◽  
Deniz Innal ◽  
Jose A. Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The real distribution range of a species is mostly unknown due to the lack of sampling in certain regions in the world. This may be especially problematic for freshwater species in the Mediterranean basin since its freshwater inhabitants are taxa highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. The cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene in Atyaephyra recognized seven Atyaephyra species in the Mediterranean basin in recent years. However, the lack of sampling in the Middle East does not help to clarify what Atyaephyra species are present in this region and their distributions. The most extended species in the area is A. orientalis, while A. tuerkayi has been found only in the River Nahr Al-Kabir, which is located along the borders of Lebanon with Syria. DNA barcodes of Atyaephyra specimens collected in this study confirm the first record of A. tuerkayi in Turkey. In addition, Palaemon turcorum, an endemic species to the Sakarya River Basin which flows into the Black sea was collected outside this basin, in rivers of the Mediterranean coast. The fact that the Middle East has not been well surveyed for shrimp could explain the unknown distribution of these species.

scholarly journals An alternative conceptual corporate governance framework for high-context cultures: A case for the Islamic & Arabian Middle East

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Meshaal J. Alshammary
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The World ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Arab League ◽  
Practical Complexity

The distinctiveness of Islam and the reaction toward the domination of the Western ideologies on the rest of the world especially on Islamic nations generated a movement among many scholars toward applying Islamic principals in the field of corporate governance. Islam is the dominant religion in the Middle Eastern region. This region consist of two major blocs the Arab League and most importantly the GCC. Thus, the cultural, political and legal environments have a significant impact on both profit and non-profit organisations. The proposed concept is generated by considering; the narrowness of the Agency theory illustrated by its limited explanations of such complexity associated with corporate governance issues yet its greatness of simplicity in regards to accountability; the Stakeholders theory serves wider views and shares many aspect with Islam yet this theory by nature suffers from practical complexity; Institutional theory are considered to ensure some degree of stability in the concept by considering the importance of the Islamic corporate supervisory institution in developing a sustainable Islamic corporate governance standards.

scholarly journals Reinventing the Identity and Interests: Pakistan and the Middle East (1971 to 1979)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-255
Author(s):  
Farrukh Faheem ◽  
Abida Bano ◽  
Wang Xingang
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
Moral Economic

Pakistan's territorial mutilation in the 1971 war with India was the utmost military, psychological and political disaster for Pakistan. Pakistan lost its Eastern wing and more than ninety thousand soldiers, civilians, civilians, and along with the territory, all the same to India. In the prevailing uncertainty, Pakistan vigorously asserted its Islamic Identity to foster its moral, economic, and political interests to revive from the loss. It looked towards the Middle East to revive its national identity and interests' fulfilment. During the Seventies, political changes within the Middle Eastern region were also favourable and useful for promoting Islamic ideology and shared identity. There was much scope to achieve ideological, strategic, economic, and foreign policy objectives that Pakistan missed in the past. The new Pakistani civilian government under Bhutto arranged shuttle diplomacy overtures the Middle Eastern Muslim countries to convince them to help Pakistan rebuild its identity and achieve its interests. Bhutto was one of the principal architects of the newly charged Muslim unity. He skilfully and effectively used the OIC platform to guard the country's identity and interests.

scholarly journals Reconfiguration of Arab and Middle Eastern Regions beyond Political and Economic Threats

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Al-Fawwaz
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
East Region ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Middle East Region

Arab world and Middle Eastern region have suffered from wars and conflicts, which have resulted in creating a negative impact on the economy. In the past years, few studies have focused on discussing the impact of democratization in the Middle East and Arab region. The citizens of the Middle East region have suffered from authoritative style of governance. The democratic system is ideal for the Middle East region. It ensures that the basic fundamental rights of the citizens are protected. There are various factors, which provide hindrance in the adaptation of democratic system in both regions. This study explores major problems faced in the implantation of democratization system in the Middle East. Furthermore, the merits and demerits associated with the democratization system have also been highlighted. It has been evaluated that democratization system is beneficial for the Middle Eastern region. The implementation of democratization would be helpful in delivering benefits to the citizens. In a democratic system, the opinion of the public is considered in formulating policies. However, authoritative style of leadership and governess could cause hindrance in delivering benefits to the citizens. Thus, it can be concluded that democratization system is well-suited for Middle East region specifically. Moreover, present political setup or regime has failed to provide facilities to the public. So, public awareness should be created towards a limited democratization system as it has the capability of delivering benefits across all the sectors.

THE PROBLEM OF ETHNIC KURDS IN THE MIDDLE EASTERN REGION: THE HISTORY OF ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Farhod karimov
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Power ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the problem of the Kurds in ensuring regional stability and security in the Middle East, the history of this problem in comparison with the history of the countries of the region in the 14-19 centuries. The analysis of the facts presented in the historical literature about the Kurds is carried out. The attitude of the Middle East countries to these issues, the factor of external power in this matter, the relationship of the problem with other confessional problems in the region are also being studied.

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