scholarly journals Evaluating the Sustainability of Public Debt in the Presence of Current and Fiscal Accounts Deficit in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 572-585
Author(s):  
Ayaz Khan ◽  
Zahoor Ul Haq ◽  
Javed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

We estimate the public debt sustainability for 53 developing countries divided into different regions using data from 1996 to 2017. Sustainability of public debt calculation is based on theoretically derived models with necessary and sufficient conditions. Current study empirically validates the importance of least evident saving-investment gap along with other variables in public debt sustainability issue. Findings show that current account, fiscal account and saving-investment gap imbalances cause unsustainable public debt for all different regions which is a matter of great concern for each region. Policy makers of the developing countries must bring policies to promote investment activities backed by saving not by debt.

scholarly journals Nonparametric Analysis of Time-Inconsistent Preferences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Blow ◽  
Martin Browning ◽  
Ian Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Nonparametric Analysis ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Time Inconsistent ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Abstract This paper provides a revealed preference characterisation of quasi-hyperbolic discounting which is designed to be applied to readily-available expenditure surveys. We describe necessary and sufficient conditions for the leading forms of the model and also study the consequences of the restrictions on preferences popularly used in empirical lifecycle consumption models. Using data from a household consumption panel dataset we explore the prevalence of time-inconsistent behaviour. The quasi-hyperbolic model provides a significantly more successful account of behaviour than the alternatives considered. We estimate the joint distribution of time preferences and the distribution of discount functions at various time horizons.

Is Bangladesh Rolling towards Debt Stress? An Exploration of Debt Sustainability in the Context of Recent External Financial Flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-173
Author(s):  
Debapriya Bhattacharya ◽  
Zeeshan Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Bank Debt ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Future ◽  
Debt Stress ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
Sustainability Framework

This article examines the sustainability of public debt in Bangladesh under alternative future scenarios based on simulation exercises for the period of FY2017 to FY2026. It adopts the debt-stabilizing primary balance approach (DPSBA) and International Monetary Fund/World Bank Debt Sustainability Framework (DSF). The findings of the former indicate that Bangladesh will be able to service its increasing public debt as long as its economic growth rate remains higher than the real interest rate payable on debt. Public debt also appears to be sustainable according to variables tested under the DSF. However, findings indicate that Bangladesh has been and would continue allocating an increasing share of its revenue to external debt repayment, creating a trade-off with investment in growth-oriented sectors. JEL Classification: H63, H68, H69, H81, G28

The Analysis of 2008 Global Crisis in Terms of the Sustainability of Public Debt Stock and Budget Deficits of PIIGS Countries Panel Data Analysis

2015 ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Binhan Elif Yilmaz ◽  
Ferda Yerdelen Tatoglu ◽  
Sinan Ataer
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
Public Debts

In this chapter, we have focused the impacts of 2008 global crisis on the debt policies and the sustainability of debts in the PIIGS Countries. For that, the circumstances of the global crisis are examined, and the economic condition before the crisis is handled. As a main objective, the public debt indicators of PIIGS Countries are pointed out. The ratios and budget units are evaluated in terms of sustainability of debts. While making these evaluations and examinations our method was panel data analysis which can be found at the end of this chapter. In this method, public debt ratios and the sustainability conditions of the public debts in the PIIGS Countries are used as the determinants of public debts sustainability.

Burning Assets? Designing Wood Fuel Energy Strategies in Mozambique

2017 ◽  
pp. 422-447
Author(s):  
Ricardo Martins
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Wood Fuel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Strategic Design ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Energy Strategies

Getting wood for cooking, heating, processing into charcoal and/or selling is a fundamental part of most household survival strategies in Developing Countries. Entangling in complex and dynamic ways local and global ecosystems, poverty, technology and business Wood Fuel Energy Systems (WES) are fundamental and require simple to use design tools to support the strategic and optimised used of available socio-ecological resources/assets. However, there are very few tools able to support relevant actors (e.g. charcoal makers, experts, policy makers) in that task. To bridge that gap the 2MBio, a participatory conceptual design tool to support the strategic design of WES, is introduced and its practical results in Mozambique presented. The 2MBio explicit in a simple and intuitive layout the set of necessary and sufficient resources/assets required to produce comprehensive and meaningful WES designs/strategies, which represent in themselves a strategic asset, while further stimulates knowledge and creativity as a tacit asset.

scholarly journals Welfare State and Epistemic Communities of Fiscal Austerity in Brazil: from Lula da Silva to Jair Bolsonaro (2003-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-216
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Santos Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Fiscal Austerity ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Welfare State

Abstract This article is based on a theoretical-conceptual framework and empirically grounded research to analyze the construction of discourse and institutional insertion of ideas from epistemic communities of fiscal austerity in Brazil, given the recent upsurge in liberal-orthodox policies and their repercussions for the welfare state. The study explores who these actors and institutions are, how they act, how they are organized, and who trains or finances them. The main objective is to unveil how the ideas in defense of fiscal constriction were formulated and disseminated, starting after the first term (2003-2006) of President Lula da Siva’s government (2003-2010), when developmentalist policies replaced the neoliberal convention. The ideas of fiscal constriction were intensified during the government of President Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016), and gained characteristics of a unified proposal, materialized in the austerity program Uma Ponte para o Futuro (2015) (a bridge to the future). After President Rousseff’s impeachment in 2016, policy-makers in the government President Michel Temer and his successor Jair Bolsonaro rapidly put forward the austerity program. The epistemic communities of fiscal austerity argue that the public policies outlined in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution are the main cause of the increase in spending on welfare, the accelerated growth of public debt, and the probable insolvency of the country.

scholarly journals Ecological Management and Indian Ethos - A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Affiefa Liyaqat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ecological Management ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Environment plays a very significant role in human civilization. Human beings have close relations with the biosphere in which they live. The whole environment and ecology consisting of earth, air, water, plants and animals provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for sustaining human life. The last few centuries have been dominated by human beings, and are referred to by some scholars as ‘anthropocene’, or a period of human domination over the planet. This domination has impacted the planet, leading to the rapid depletion of wildlife and their habitat. In the last few decades, growing human populations and their consumption levels, accompanied by greater need for water, electricity, metal, food, housing and other luxury items has led to the quick erosion of other species. This loss of species has been guesstimated by various scholars at anywhere between one per hour to one per day. Although human beings are considered the most intelligent life form on earth, they are responsible for most of the damage done to planet earth. Developing countries as well as developed countries alike are all suffering from environmental pollution. Therefore, today environmental problems have been the object of discussion everywhere from village to parliament.

Product Patents and Access to Medicines in India: A Critical Review of the Implementation of TRIPS Patent Regime

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopakumar K M.
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Institutional Challenges ◽  
Domestic Law ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

In 2005, India amended its Patents Act, 1970 to introduce TRIPS compliant product patent regime. Generally speaking, law and policy makers in India during the time of the amendment were confronted with two major concerns viz. the future of the Indian pharmaceutical industry and access to affordable medicines in India and other developing countries. To address these concerns India along with many other developing countries attempted to incorporate TRIPS flexibilities in their domestic law. However, the success of the TRIPS flexibilities in addressing the question of access to affordable medicines mainly depends on three factors: a) the incorporation of flexibilities in the domestic law; b) the manufacturing capability of a country; and c) the political will to use the public interest safeguards provided in the domestic law. There are only a few countries like India, which satisfy the above-mentioned conditions to a certain extent. This article examines whether these premises hold true after five years into the implementation of the TRIPS compliant patent system in India. In this context the paper identifies and analyzes the legal, policy and institutional challenges that India is currently facing in the implementation of TRIPS flexibilities. It also identifies the main legal, policy and institutional disconnect in the implementation of TRIPS flexibilities in India. It argues that to effectively use TRIPS flexibilities to address access to affordable medicines require changes in three areas viz. law, policy and institutions. It clearly shows that mere incorporation of TRIPS flexibilities in the domestic legislation alone is not enough and the domestic legislation needs to be complemented with policy and institutional framework.

scholarly journals Joining the Dots—Understanding the Value Generation of Creative Networks for Sustainability in Local Creative Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12352
Author(s):  
Marlen Komorowski ◽  
Ruxandra Lupu ◽  
Sara Pepper ◽  
Justin Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Creative Industries ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Value Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
A Value ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Quadruple Helix Model

In recent years, the ecological shift from an economically driven model of arts and culture to that of an ecosystem in the creative industries determined the emergence of a range of new bottom-up, place-based networks herewith referred to as “creative networks”. This article explores how these networks can generate sustainability for local creative ecosystems through a value network approach. Building on the quadruple helix model to identify the actors in these networks, this study explores the relationships and value flows between the actors of 22 identified creative networks across the UK. It then maps these relationships using data gathered through a mixed methodology that includes survey data and focus group research. Our findings show that creative networks operate as central nodes of the local creative ecosystem, functioning as a ‘glue’ inside the otherwise very heterogenous creative industries. From this position, creative networks can act as catalysts for sustainability. However, the economic, cultural, and social value created by creative networks is often overshadowed by other challenges including a lack of funding and a lack of understanding from policy makers or the public.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document