scholarly journals A Study of Genderlect features in "Fifty Shades of Grey" by E L James

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fasiha Ali Akbar ◽  
Mamona Yasmin Khan ◽  
Fariha Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Language Teachers ◽  
Communication Pattern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gendered Language ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Fifty Shades Of Grey

Gendered language not only focuses on what is said but also includes how to express that thought. This paper attempts to investigate the differences between the speech style of men and women. Data of ten passages have been collected from the novel "Fifty Shades of Grey" by E L James and analyzed qualitatively by using Deborah Tannen's Difference approach. The results of this study show that there are notable differences that distinguish men's communication pattern from women because of different established norms and culture of that society. Moreover, this study can be helpful to bridge the communication gulf between the two genders. Furthermore, this study can reveal to maintain a healthy atmosphere and raises awareness in society by understanding their different style of utterances. In addition, it also proves very helpful for the language teachers teaching to teach the learners according to their culture.

Who’s holding up the sky? On Rymba, a novel by A. Bushkovsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Flood Zone ◽  
The Social ◽  
Russian North ◽  
And Gender

The article deals with A. Bushkovsky’s novel Rymba that goes beyond the topics typical of Russian North prose. Rather than limiting himself to admiring nature and Russian character, the author portrays the northern Russian village of Rymba in the larger context of the country’s mentality, history, mythology, and gender politics. In the novel, myth clashes with reality, history with the present day, and an individual with the state. The critic draws a comparison between the novel and the traditions of village prose and Russian North prose. In particular, Bushkovsky’s Rymba is discussed alongside V. Rasputin’s Farewell to Matyora [ Proshchanie s Matyoroy ] and R. Senchin’s The Flood Zone [ Zona zatopleniya ]. The novel’s central question is: what keeps the Russian world afloat? Depicting the Christian faith as such a bulwark, Bushkovsky links atheism with the social and spiritual roles played by contemporary men and women. The critic argues, however, that the reliance on Christianity in the novel verges on an affectation. The book’s main symbol is a drowning hawk: it perishes despite people’s efforts to save it.

"Without a Cross": The Cultural Significance of the Sublime and Beautiful in Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
James Fenimore Cooper ◽  
Racial Ideology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Tribes ◽  
Last Of The Mohicans ◽  
Historical Moment

This essay demonstrates that James Fenimore Cooper was incorporating the language and values of Edmund Burke's A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757) into the "world" of The Last of the Mohicans (1826). In the Enquiry Burke's distinction between the sublime and beautiful centers on traditional distinctions between men and women-an "eternal distinction" that Burke continually underscores. In Mohicans Cooper initially incorporates the beautiful into the sublime, in an intentionally illusive "mix" that corresponds to the illusory mixing of the white and Indian races. He then reinscribes Burke's distinction between the sublime and beautiful as an eternal distinction between whites and Indians-writing "out" the problem of the "Other" (gendered "femininity" and alien, "red" beauty) in a meditation of the significance of culture and race in America. In retrospect, Mohicans is a novel of ambiguous "crosses" and complicitous combinations-a novel of fatal and fruitful mixes comprising a series of covert traces telling a secret story contradicting Cooper's overt, racial ideology. Yet it is this "pristine" ideology that finally overpowers and double-crosses the novel's "other" message. Written in 1826, at a specific historical moment when the Indian tribes were being removed or destroyed, the novel reaffirms a racial ideology tortured with its own historical ambiguities.

Concept of Rivalry in D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-454
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Sibling Rivalry ◽  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Qualitative Pattern ◽  
The One ◽  
Theory Competition

Sons and Lovers (1913) is one of D.H. Lawrence’s most prominent novels in terms of psychological complexities characteristic of most, if not all, of his other novels. Many studies have been conducted on the Oedipus complex theory and psychological relationship between men and women in Lawrence’s novels reflecting the early twentieth century norms of life. This paper reexamines Sons and Lovers from the perspective of rivalry based on Alfred Adler’s psychological studies. The discussion tackles the sibling rivalry between the members of the Morels and extends to reexamining the rivalry between other characters. This concept is discussed in terms of two levels of relationships. First, between Paul and William as brothers on the one hand, and Paul and father and mother, on the other. Second, the rivalry triangle of Louisa, Miriam and Mrs. Morel. The qualitative pattern of the paper focuses on the textual analysis of the novel to show that Sons and Lovers can be approached through the concept of rivalry and sibling Rivalry. Keywords: Attachment theory, Competition, Concept of Rivalry, Favoritism, Sibling rivalry.

Gender bias in reference letters for residency and academic medicine: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-140045
Author(s):  
Shawn Khan ◽  
Abirami Kirubarajan ◽  
Tahmina Shamsheri ◽  
Adam Clayton ◽  
Geeta Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Academic Medicine ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Gendered Language ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Faculty Hiring ◽  
Match Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses

Reference letters play an important role for both postgraduate residency applications and medical faculty hiring processes. This study seeks to characterise the ways in which gender bias may manifest in the language of reference letters in academic medicine. In particular, we conducted a systematic review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO from database inception to July 2020 for original studies that assessed gendered language in medical reference letters for residency applications and medical faculty hiring. A total of 16 studies, involving 12 738 letters of recommendation written for 7074 applicants, were included. A total of 32% of applicants were women. There were significant differences in how women were described in reference letters. A total of 64% (7/11) studies found a significant difference in gendered adjectives between men and women. Among the 7 studies, a total of 86% (6/7) noted that women applicants were more likely to be described using communal adjectives, such as “delightful” or “compassionate”, while men applicants were more likely to be described using agentic adjectives, such as “leader” or “exceptional”. Several studies noted that reference letters for women applicants had more frequent use of doubt raisers and mentions of applicant personal life and/or physical appearance. Only one study assessed the outcome of gendered language on application success, noting a higher residency match rate for men applicants. Reference letters within medicine and medical education exhibit language discrepancies between men and women applicants, which may contribute to gender bias against women in medicine.

scholarly journals Yo el Supremo, de Roa Bastos. Sobre el poder y el derecho en el mito del Doctor Francia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Jesús Antonio de la Torre Rangel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
The Novel ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Literature And Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

The importance of the relationship between literature and law, in general, is highlighted; and it is pointed out through examples set by some novels and their treatment of Rights. The text is dedicated, especially, to show how the law is manifested in Roa Bastos’s Yo el supremo, a masterpiece of Latin American letters. The famous and enigmatic Doctor Francia —theologian and jurist—, in his Perpetual Dictatorship in Paraguay, dictates and practices the Law. It expresses what the novel says about the Law and offers historic data that support what is said.

scholarly journals Treating Arab Women in Jean Sasson’s Princess Sultana’s Daughters

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Amaliah Sifana
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Arab Men

Arabian life is depicted through the novel of Jean Sasson’s Princess Sultana’s Daughters. There are some different treatments accepted by Arab men and women, for example the culture which more honor towards men than women. This case causes the violence and injustice faced by the women. The Arabs often treat them such that by using Islamic teachings as the basis to strengthen their deed. This thesis focuses on analyzing the background of Arabian culture in treating women. This article basically uses Cultural Studies perspective and concept on patriarchy which mainly focuses on Arabian culture making women subordinated. The result shows that the depiction of treating Arab women is based on the cultural tradition.

scholarly journals Feminist Perspective in the Novel of Vikram Seth’s A Suitable Boy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Hari Lal Kori ◽  
Dr. Vipin Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Boundary Wall ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time

Men and women are the two best creation of nature. She has provided both equal rights but it is man who is too clever and has full control over woman. From a very long time he has limited her freedom and rights. That is why, they have been victims of inequality and exploitation for a very long time. The society which is of traditional mindset believes that a woman should live in boundary wall, give birth to children and to look after them. Most of the religions of the world emphasize that women should be subordinate to and dependent on men. In childhood they should be in take care of father, in youth by her husband and in old age by her sons. The Hindu philosophy, the religious books of Hindu as the Vedas, the Bhagavad-Gita, the Muslims the Christians and others also have same views about the position of women in the society. All of them impose on women strict rules of discipline and prohibit them from the rights equal to men. The women’s position in the family has been that of a servile creature, a playing thing an object of lust and pleasures. Commenting on the position of females in the society Shantha Krishnaswany Writes :

scholarly journals Revealing Humanity: the Flexible Language of Literature

2018 ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
K. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
Russian Universities

The article features the linguistic peculiarities of four novels the author uses in her course on Contemporary English Fiction: Hilary Mantel’s A Change of Climate, Jim Crace’s Quarantine, Graham Swift’s Last Orders, and Adam Thorpe’s Ulverton. The novels probe deeply into some of the stranger aspects of human experience. Hilary Mantel writes of people who try to behave as balanced, rational beings, but to whom irrational and terrible things happen that have to be dealt with. The metaphorical language illuminates this philosophical exploration, which would otherwise be dull or unconvincing. The novel might seem strange for English readers, but the language carries the conviction of the true storyteller. J. Crace has a wonderful sense of exact words for an exact rhythm. Graham Swift’s novel is written as though it were the thoughts and memories of seven different characters. The language here is the colloquial vernacular, the language of elderly and middle-aged men and women with little education from south-eastLondon. The most extraordinary book of these four is Adam Thorpe’s Ulverton. It consists of twelve chapters, which are a chronological set separate ‘stories’ that happened between 1650 and 1988. Each chapter uses a different literary genre for the story-telling: for example, a simple first-person narrative, a sermon, a journal, letters to a lover, lecture notes, an internal monologue, and – ending the novel – a television script. Thorpe has therefore set himself a colossal task: to render into lively readable English, the concerns and passions of individuals, often illiterate individuals, while retaining a sense of the language appropriate to a particular era and a particular genre.Literature is an act of communication between writer and reader which does justice to humanity through expressive, imaginative language. Nobody would be so arrogant as to say that reading literature is the only way of ‘being human’ but more than most activities it forces us to think about people other than ourselves.Readers who would like to read more have available many other fine examples of contemporary English literature, provided by the Oxford Russia Fund for those taking part in the project on Contemporary English Literature in Russian Universities.

scholarly journals Social Control of Women’s Body as Cultural-Political Legitimation in “Putri Cina” Novel

Humaniora ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Resa Sartika ◽  
Dwi Susanto ◽  
Prasetyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Cultural Legitimacy ◽  
Political Legitimation ◽  
Theory Of Discourse

This research aimed to describe the depiction of the female body’s domination as a form of political-cultural legitimacy raised in Sindhunata’s work entitled Putri Cina. Michel Foucault’s theory of discourse was applied as the approach to reveal how sexuality was closely related to power practices. The discourse presented in the novel was dissected by qualitative methods, descriptive qualitative, and interpretative data analysis techniques. The results show that the two main characters of this novel are Chinese women who experienced oppression in Java. The existence of a cultural identity crisis, abjection, passivity, and not subversion represents the figure of alienated women. This perspective is intertwined with how indigenous men perceive Chinese women figures. Sindhunata describes the unequal construction of sexuality between men and women and the discrimination of the Chinese race as repeated during the kingdom era, pre-independence, to the New Order era.

scholarly journals Konstruksi Gender Dalam Relasi Intimate Relationship Pada Novel Friendzone: Lempar Kode Sembunyi Hati Karya Alnira (Sebuah Analisis Framing)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Ratna Wati ◽  
Nunik Hariyani ◽  
Veny Ari Sejati
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unobtrusive Observation

This thesis is titled Gender Construction in Intimate Relationship on “Friendzone: Lempar Kode Sembunyi Hati” Novel by Alnira (A Framing Analysis). The purpose of this research is to find the expression of feelings between men and women in intimate relationships through the novel characters, and discover the relationships that exist between gender construction and intimate relationships through the analysis of the Gamson and Modigliani framing models. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, where the data presented, are not in the form of numbers and more emphasis on meaning rather than generalization. Data collection techniques used are using documentation techniques and unobtrusive observation techniques, where this technique is a technique used to examine texts, and audio-visual recordings. This research was conducted during the 2019 October to January 2020. The research object is the novel “Friendzone: Lempar Kode Sembunyi Hati” by Alnira, that released on February 2018 with 300 pages. Then the object is dissected using the Gamson and Modigliani Framing analysis model to see how the expression of feelings constructed by gender in Dira and Ransi characters on the novel. The results of this research are, gender can affect the expression of a man and woman in expressing their feelings, where men express their feelings through gestures and non-verbal actions, while women need a recognition of the status of the relationship through their verbal. In addition, gender construction will influence the success of intimate relationships between men and women, if misunderstandings that occur due to differences in conversation patterns can be resolved.

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