Impact of PhD training on scholarship in a neurosurgical career

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Choi ◽  
Michael R. DeLong ◽  
David M. DeLong ◽  
Allan H. Friedman ◽  
John H. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Medicine ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Academic Impact ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Nih Funding ◽  
Dual Degree

Object The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of neurosurgeons with both medical degrees (MDs) and doctorates (PhDs) at top-ranked US academic institutions and to assess whether the additional doctorate education is associated with substantive career involvement in academia as well as greater success in procuring National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funding compared with an MD-only degree. Methods The authors reviewed the training of neurosurgeons across the top 10 neurosurgery departments chosen according to academic impact (h index) to examine whether MD-PhD training correlated significantly with career outcomes in academia. Results Six hundred thirteen neurosurgery graduates and residents between the years 1990 and 2012 were identified for inclusion in this analysis. Both MD and PhD degrees were held by 121 neurosurgeons (19.7%), and an MD alone was held by 492. Over the past 2 decades, MD-PhD trainees represented a gradually increasing percentage of neurosurgeons, from 10.2% to 25.7% (p < 0.01). Of the neurosurgeons with MD-PhD training, a greater proportion had appointments in academic medicine compared with their MD-only peers (73.7% vs 52.3%, p < 0.001). Academic neurosurgeons with both degrees were also more likely to have received NIH funding (51.9% vs 31.8%, p < 0.05) than their single-degree counterparts in academia. In a national analysis of all active NIH R01 grants awarded in neurosurgery, MD-PhD investigators held a disproportionate number, more than 4-fold greater than their representation in the field. Conclusions Dual MD-PhD training is a significant factor that may predict active participation in and funding for research careers among neurological surgeons at top-ranked academic institutions. These findings and their implications are of increasing relevance as the population of neurosurgeons with dual-degree training continues to rise.

scholarly journals Inequalities in the Distribution of National Institutes of Health Research Project Grant Funding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Lauer ◽  
Deepshikha Roychowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Career Stage ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Principal Investigators ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nih Funding ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Health Research Project

Previous reports have described worsening inequalities of National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding of principal investigators. We analyzed data through the end of Fiscal Year 2020, confirming worsening inequalities beginning at the time of the NIH budget doubling (1998-2003), but finding that trends have reversed over the past 3 years. We also find that career-stage trends have stabilized, with equivalent proportions of early-, mid-, and late-career investigators funded from 2017 to 2020. Women continue to constitute a greater proportion of funded principal investigators, though not at parity. Analyses of funding inequalities over time show that inequalities have consistently been greater within groups (i.e., within groups by career stage, gender, race, and degree) than between groups.

Creation of a comprehensive training and career development approach to increase the number of neurosurgeons supported by National Institutes of Health funding

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Russell R. Lonser ◽  
Luke G. F. Smith ◽  
Michael Tennekoon ◽  
Kavon P. Rezai-Zadeh ◽  
Jeffrey G. Ojemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Early Career ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Academic Departments ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Grant Support ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Programs ◽  
Nih Funding

OBJECTIVETo increase the number of independent National Institutes of Health (NIH)–funded neurosurgeons and to enhance neurosurgery research, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) developed two national comprehensive programs (R25 [established 2009] for residents/fellows and K12 [2013] for early-career neurosurgical faculty) in consultation with neurosurgical leaders and academic departments to support in-training and early-career neurosurgeons. The authors assessed the effectiveness of these NINDS-initiated programs to increase the number of independent NIH-funded neurosurgeon-scientists and grow NIH neurosurgery research funding.METHODSNIH funding data for faculty and clinical department funding were derived from the NIH, academic departments, and Blue Ridge Institute of Medical Research databases from 2006 to 2019.RESULTSBetween 2009 and 2019, the NINDS R25 funded 87 neurosurgical residents. Fifty-three (61%) have completed the award and training, and 39 (74%) are in academic practice. Compared to neurosurgeons who did not receive R25 funding, R25 awardees were twice as successful (64% vs 31%) in obtaining K-series awards and received the K-series award in a significantly shorter period of time after training (25.2 ± 10.1 months vs 53.9 ± 23.0 months; p < 0.004). Between 2013 and 2019, the NINDS K12 has supported 19 neurosurgeons. Thirteen (68%) have finished their K12 support and all (100%) have applied for federal funding. Eleven (85%) have obtained major individual NIH grant support. Since the establishment of these two programs, the number of unique neurosurgeons supported by either individual (R01 or DP-series) or collaborative (U- or P-series) NIH grants increased from 36 to 82 (a 2.3-fold increase). Overall, NIH funding to clinical neurological surgery departments between 2006 and 2019 increased from $66.9 million to $157.3 million (a 2.2-fold increase).CONCLUSIONSTargeted research education and career development programs initiated by the NINDS led to a rapid and dramatic increase in the number of NIH-funded neurosurgeon-scientists and total NIH neurosurgery department funding.

NIH Funding Ranked “Per Capita”: An Alternative Method for Assessing Research Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Kristine M. Kulage ◽  
Joshua R. Massei ◽  
Elaine L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Member ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Schools Of Nursing ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nih Funding ◽  
Member School ◽  
Total Average

Ordinal rankings of schools of nursing by research funding in total dollars awarded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a common metric for demonstrating research productivity; however, these data are not based on the number of doctorally prepared faculty eligible to apply for funding. Therefore, we examined an alternative method for measuring research productivity which accounts for size differences in schools: NIH funding ranked “per capita.” We extracted data on total average funding and compared them with average funding secured per faculty member across top-ranked schools of nursing in the United States from 2013 to 2017. When examining data by number of doctorally prepared faculty, 4 of 12 (33%) schools that ranked lower in total average funding ranked higher in average funding per faculty member. School size is an important but neglected factor in current funding rankings; therefore, we encourage schools to use multiple approaches to track their research productivity.

SECTION ON ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. ii-ii
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Asthmatic Child ◽  
Task Force ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Educational Resource ◽  
Pediatric Allergy ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Allergy And Immunology ◽  
Children With Asthma

The Section on Allergy and Immunology was one of the first sections formed (1948) within the American Academy of Pediatrics. It now has almost 600 members. Its objective is to improve the care of children with asthma, allergies, and immunologic disorders. The Section aims to serve as a major informational and educational resource for the 34 000 members of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The Section sponsors a 2-day scientific program and symposium at each Anual Meeting of the Academy; and, for the past several years, it has also presented a symposium at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, as well as the annual "Synopsis Book." Other educational activities by the Section include publishing position papers (most recently, "Exercise and the Asthmatic Child"), assisting the National Asthma Education Task Force of the National Institutes of Health, and developing informational pamphlets for patients. In addition, the Section sponsors visiting professorship programs to medical schools which do not have a division of pediatric allergy and immunology. The membership of the Section on Allergy and Immunology consists of Fellows of the American Academy of Pediatrics who have been certified by the American Board of Pediatrics and by the American Board of Allergy and Immunology. Any and all qualified American Academy of Pediatrics Fellows are invited to apply for membership in the Section. If interested, please write to: DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF SECTIONS American Academy of Pediatrics 141 Northwest Point Blvd PO Box 927 Elk Grove Village, IL 60009-0927 The reviews contained in this 1988 to 1989 synopsis were written by 28 Fellows of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Allergy and Immunology and by 5 senior fellows in allergy and immunology who contributed reviews under the aegis of their mentors.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in the ‘New South Africa’

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-345
Author(s):  
Sean Kaliski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Academic Medicine ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
New South ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Political Uncertainty ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past

Academic medicine in South Africa was created largely by talented graduates who, having travelled overseas (especially to Britain) for postgraduate training, returned to teach in the newly established medical schools and teaching hospitals. However, over the past three decades fewer have decided to return. Consequently academic medicine generally is in decline. Hospital specialists are demoralised, and about 80% of those recently surveyed indicated that they intended leaving the public health service if the present imbalance between service commitments, research opportunities, and poor pay persists (Curtin, 1991). About 40% of graduating medical students emigrate, usually to avoid conscription. The continuing violence and political uncertainty within the country probably ensure that few will ever return.

scholarly journals National Institutes of Health Funding for Tobacco Control: 2006 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Ashley L. Merianos ◽  
Judith S. Gordon ◽  
Kelsi J. Wood ◽  
E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
National Heart Lung ◽  
Nih Funding

Purpose: The study objective was to describe and compare changes in newly funded National Institutes of Health (NIH) tobacco-related awards between fiscal year (FY) 2006 and FY2016. Design: Secondary analysis of NIH data. Setting: National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool database was used. Subjects: National Institutes of Health tobacco-related awards newly funded during FY2006 and FY2016. Measures: Search terms included tobacco, smoking, nicotine, secondhand smoke, and e-cigarettes. Grants and funding amounts were retrieved. Analysis: We calculated frequency distributions to determine the number and percentage of total NIH grants funded overall and by specific institute, and inflation-adjusted total and median funding amounts. We computed percentage differences in number of new grants, funding amounts, and percentage of funding allocated overall, and by institute. Results: There was a 187% increase in the percentage of total NIH funding allocated to new tobacco-related awards from 0.09% in FY2006 to 0.25% in FY2016. Total number of awards increased by 67% in FY2016 (n = 144; $56 015 931) compared to FY2006 (n = 86; $22 076 987), and there was a 154% increase in inflation-adjusted total funding for tobacco control. The top funding institutes were National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Cancer Institute; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism was third in FY2006; and National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in FY2016. Research grants were the most frequently funded. Smoking cessation was a common topic area and increased by 64%. Conclusion: NIH funding is critical for advancing the science of nicotine and tobacco research.

scholarly journals Nauka bez mistrzów? Zmiany w relacjach mistrz–uczeń i sposobach uprawiania nauki

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kretek-Kamińska ◽  
Aneta Krzewińska
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
Source Materials

This article describes changes in student–teacher relations in the context of academic institutions and variation in methods of teaching. On the basis of empirical research (interviews conducted currently among employees of Polish institutions of higher learning and analysis of source materials concerning the past) the authors advance the thesis that the figure of the mentor—which was once associated with scholarship and academic institutions—has ceased to have meaning for contemporary scholars. Instead of mentors, persons who are called “quasi-mentors” have appeared; they act temporarily as guides for young scholars and most often perform only one of the functions formerly fulfilled by mentors (for instance, organizers of academic life, seekers for research funds, promoters of doctoral theses, etc.). The authors consider that these alterations have been caused by general processes of economic, technological, political, and axiological change.

scholarly journals Where Was Past Low-Entropy?

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Carlo Rovelli
Keyword(s):  
Early Universe ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Dominant Source ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Entropy

Where was the past low-entropy of the early universe located? Contrary to some popular answers, I argue that that the dominant source of low-entropy is the fact that a single degree of freedom, the scale factor, was not at equilibrium. I also discuss possible interpretations of the “improbability” of this early low-entropy.

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Publications: 2003–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Briganti ◽  
Cristine Delnevo ◽  
Leanne Brown ◽  
Shirin Hastings ◽  
Michael Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nih Funding

Electronic cigarettes are at the center of a public health policy debate which leverages scientific publications. This study characterizes e-cigarette publication trends over the past 15 years via a bibliometric analysis. Scopus was searched for “electronic cigarette”, “e-cig”, “e-cigarette”, “vape”, “vaping”, “juul”, or “electronic nicotine delivery system” between 2003–2018. Data included Hirsch index, document type and frequency, and publications by institution, journal, and country. VOSviewer was used to visualize authorship network maps. A total of 4490 e-cigarette publications were identified, most (62.8%) being articles. After 2009, the annual growth rate for e-cigarette publications was the largest in 2014. The annual growth rate was nearly flat in 2017 but increased in 2018. The U.S. produced 51.6% of publications. Annual National Institutes of Health NIH funding for tobacco research mapped closely with the annual volume of e-cigarette publications. Author network analyses illustrated investigator collaborative patterns. The frequency of e-cigarette publications increased significantly in the past decade. A strong relationship of NIH funding for tobacco research and e-cigarette publications demonstrates the importance of e-cigarettes in tobacco research.

scholarly journals Attracting New Investigators to Alzheimer’s Disease Research: Outcomes of Increased Funding and Outreach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragati Katiyar ◽  
Catherine Nagy ◽  
Samir Sauma ◽  
Marie A Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Field ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Nih Funding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Since 2015, the National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), has experienced significant increases in funding for Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD). This analysis assesses the impact of these funds on expanding the AD/ADRD workforce. NIA administered 860 awards to 695 AD/ADRD R01 awardees during fiscal year 2015–2018. Twenty-nine percent of awardees were new or early-stage investigators, while 38% were new to the AD/ADRD research field (NTF). Among these NTFs, 59% were established investigators, that is, experts with NIH funding in another discipline but new to AD/ADRD research. Awards were further analyzed to determine the focus of their research based on International Alzheimer’s Disease Research Portfolio (IADRP) categories. Forty-six percent were focused on Molecular Pathogenesis and Physiology. Other IADRP categories, including Diagnosis, Assessment, and Disease Monitoring and Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, represented 5%–15% of awards. Significantly, NTF investigators received 50%, 42%, and 70% of the total grants awarded in Population Studies, Dementia Care, and Brain Aging, respectively, suggesting that NTF investigators are filling research gaps. While these results suggest that enhanced funding is associated with recruitment of new talent, opportunities for further growth remain, particularly related to care, caregiving, and health disparities.

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