Which medical schools produce the most neurosurgery residents? An analysis of the 2014–2020 cohort

OBJECTIVE In this study, the authors sought to determine which US medical schools have produced the most neurosurgery residents and to evaluate potential associations between recruitment and medical school characteristics. METHODS Demographic and bibliometric characteristics were collected for 1572 residents in US-based and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited neurosurgery programs over the 2014 to 2020 match period using publicly available websites. US medical school characteristics were collected, including class size, presence of a home neurosurgery program, number of clinical neurosurgery faculty, research funding, presence of a neurosurgery interest group, and a top 10 ranking via U.S. News & World Report or Doximity. Correlations and associations were then evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), independent-samples t-test, and univariable or stepwise multivariable linear regression, as appropriate. RESULTS Vanderbilt University produced the most neurosurgery residents as a percentage of medical graduates at 3.799%. Case Western Reserve University produced the greatest absolute number of neurosurgery residents (n = 40). The following factors were shown to be associated with a higher mean percentage of graduates entering neurosurgery: number of clinical neurosurgery faculty (PCC 0.509, p < 0.001), presence of a neurosurgery interest group (1.022% ± 0.737% vs 0.351% ± 0.327%, p < 0.001) or home neurosurgery program (1.169% ± 0.766% vs 0.428% ± 0.327%, p < 0.001), allopathic compared with osteopathic school (0.976% ± 0.719% vs 0.232% ± 0.272%, p < 0.001), U.S. News top 10 ranking for neurology and neurosurgery (1.923% ± 0.924% vs 0.757% ± 0.607%, p < 0.001), Doximity top 10 residency program ranking (1.715% ± 0.803% vs 0.814% ± 0.688%, p < 0.001), and amount of NIH funding (PCC 0.528, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study have delineated which medical schools produced the most neurosurgery residents currently in training, and the most important independent factors predicting the percentage of graduates entering neurosurgery and the preresidency h-index.

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Examining the Otolaryngology Match and Relationships Between Publications and Institutional Rankings

OTO Open ◽

10.1177/2473974x20932497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 2473974X2093249

Author(s):

Evan M. Ryan ◽

Katie R. Geelan-Hansen ◽

Kari L. Nelson ◽

Jayme R. Dowdall

Keyword(s):

Medical School ◽

National Institutes Of Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

High Ranking ◽

Home Institution ◽

Publication Number ◽

School Research ◽

World Report ◽

Top 40 ◽

Nih Funding

This study examines associations among publication number, National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding rank, medical school research rank, and otolaryngology department ranks of otolaryngology applicants during the 2018-2019 match cycle. Information regarding 2018-2019 otolaryngology applicants was collected from Otomatch.com and verified via department websites. Information was also collected regarding 2018 NIH funding rank and 2020 US News & World Report research rank of medical schools and otolaryngology departments. T tests and chi-square analyses were performed. Top 40 NIH funding rank, top 40 medical school research rank, and home institution department rank were separately associated with more publications and higher rates of matching into highly reputed otolaryngology departments (all P < .01). Furthermore, applicants who matched into ranked otolaryngology departments averaged significantly more publications ( P < .01). Prospective otolaryngology applicants should take into account NIH funding rank, medical school research rank, and otolaryngology department rank, as they are associated with matching into high-ranking institutions.

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An update on mental health services in Iraq

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1017/s0955603600003640 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 461-462

Author(s):

Riadh T. Abed

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Medical Education ◽

Health Services ◽

Medical School ◽

Health System ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Medical Graduates ◽

Iraqi Kurdistan ◽

British System ◽

Set Up

In the 1970s, Iraq made strides towards building a comprehensive, well-equipped health system free at the point of delivery. Medical education in Iraq was originally modelled on the British system and started with Baghdad Medical School in 1927. Two more medical schools were founded in Mosul and Basrah, providing Iraq with good numbers of high-calibre medical graduates. After 1968, several other medical schools were set up in various parts of Iraq, including three in Iraqi Kurdistan.

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An update on mental health services in Iraq

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.27.12.461 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 461-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Riadh T. Abed

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Medical Education ◽

Health Services ◽

Medical School ◽

Health System ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Medical Graduates ◽

Iraqi Kurdistan ◽

British System ◽

Set Up

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BJS.02Graduates from different medical schools vary in their performance on the Intercollegiate Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) Examinations

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab310.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽

Author(s):

Ricky Ellis ◽

Duncan Scrimgeour ◽

Jennifer Cleland ◽

Amanda Lee ◽

Peter Brennan

Keyword(s):

Medical School ◽

Royal College ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Pass Rates ◽

Medical Graduates ◽

Surgical Trainees ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

The Uk

Abstract Aims UK medical schools vary in their mission, curricula and pedagogy, but little is known of the effect of this on postgraduate examination performance. We explored differences in outcomes at the Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons examination (MRCS) between medical schools, course types, national ranking and candidate sociodemographic factors. Methods A retrospective longitudinal study of all UK medical graduates who attempted MRCS Part A (n = 9730) and MRCS Part B (n = 4645) between 2007 and 2017, utilising the UK Medical Education Database (https://www.ukmed.ac.uk). We examined the relationship between medical school and success at first attempt of the MRCS using univariate analysis. Logistic regression modelling was used to identify independent predictors of MRCS success. Results MRCS pass rates differed significantly between medical schools (P < 0.001). Russell Group graduates were more likely to pass MRCS Part A (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.79 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.56-2.05]) and Part B (OR 1.24 [1.03-1.49])). Trainees from Standard-Entry 5-year programmes were more likely to pass MRCS at first attempt compared to those from extended (Gateway) courses, Part A OR 3.72 [2.69-5.15]; Part B (OR 1.67 [1.02-2.76]. Non-graduates entering medical school were more likely to pass Part A (OR 1.40 [1.19-1.64]) and Part B (OR 1.66 [1.24-2.24]) than graduate-entrants. Conclusion Medical school, course type and socio-demographic factors are associated with success on the MRCS. This information will help to identify surgical trainees at risk of failing the MRCS in order for schools of surgery to redistribute resources to those in need.

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Exploring Which Medical Schools Cost the Most: An Assessment of Medical School Characteristics Associated With School Tuition

Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology ◽

10.1067/j.cpradiol.2019.06.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 85-88

Author(s):

Luke A. Ginocchio ◽

Andrew B. Rosenkrantz

Keyword(s):

Medical School ◽

Medical Schools ◽

School Characteristics

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Radiology and the medical student: do increased hours of teaching translate to more radiologists?

BJR|Open ◽

10.1259/bjro.20210074 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cindy Chew ◽

Patrick J O'Dwyer ◽

David Young

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Medical School ◽

General Medical Council ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Medical Council ◽

Chi Square ◽

Medical Graduates ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Radiology Teaching ◽

The Uk

Objectives: The UK has a shortage of Radiologists to meet the increasing demand for radiologic examinations. To encourage more medical students to consider Radiology as a career, increased exposure at undergraduate level has been advocated. The aim of this study was to evaluate if formal Radiology teaching hours at medical school had any association with the number of qualified Radiologists joining the General Medical Council Specialist Register. Methods: Total number of doctors joining the GMC Specialist Register as Clinical Radiologists, and those with a primary medical qualifications awarded in Scotland, was obtained from the GMC (2010–2020). Graduate numbers from all 4 Scottish Medical Schools (2000–2011) were also obtained. Hours of Radiology teaching for medical schools in Scotland were obtained from validated AToMS study. Results: Two hundred and twenty three (6.6%) of 3347 Radiologists added to the GMC Specialist Register between 2010 and 2020 received their primary medical qualification (PMQ) from Scottish Universities. The number of Radiologists from Scottish Universities joining the GMC specialist register was 2.6% of the total number of Scottish Medical Graduates. There was no association between the number of hours (Range 1–30) Radiology was taught to medical students and the number that joined the specialist register as Radiologists (p = 0.54 chi square trend). Conclusion: Increased exposure to Radiology teaching does not influence medical students’ decision to take up Radiology as a career. While continued Radiology exposure remains important, other strategies are required in both the short and long term to ensure radiology services are maintained without detriment to patients. Advances in knowledge: Increased hours of Radiology teaching in medical school was not associated with increased radiologists joining the profession.

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The Pediatrician as a Role Model in the Career Choice of Medical Students

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.85.3.364 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 364-365

Author(s):

JAMES E. STRAIN

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Medical School ◽

Career Choice ◽

Role Model ◽

Training Programs ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Medical Graduates ◽

Foreign Medical Graduates

The results of the recent residency matching program revealed a decline in the number of US medical school graduates applying for positions in pediatric training programs. In 1987, 1366 graduating seniors, 10% of the graduating class, applied for 2009 PL 1 positions. In 1989, 1256, 9.3% of those graduating, applied for 2068 positions. Sixty-eight percent of PL 1 positions were filled by graduates of US medical schools in 1987, and an additional 14% (284) by foreign medical graduates.

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A survey of ENT undergraduate teaching in the UK

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215120000936 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (6) ◽

pp. 553-557

Author(s):

A W Mayer ◽

K A Smith ◽

S Carrie ◽

Keyword(s):

Medical School ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Undergraduate Curriculum ◽

Medical Schools ◽

School Curriculum ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Undergraduate Teaching ◽

Medical Graduates ◽

Wide Variability ◽

The Uk

AbstractBackgroundENT presentations are prevalent in clinical practice but feature little in undergraduate curricula. Consequently, most medical graduates are not confident managing common ENT conditions. In 2014, the first evidence-based ENT undergraduate curriculum was published to guide medical schools.ObjectiveTo assess the extent that current UK medical school learning outcomes correlate with the syllabus of the ENT undergraduate curriculum.MethodTwo students from each participating medical school independently reviewed all ENT-related curriculum documents to determine whether learning outcomes from the suggested curriculum were met.ResultsSixteen of 34 curricula were reviewed. Only a minority of medical schools delivered teaching on laryngectomy or tracheostomy, nasal packing or cautery, and ENT medications or surgical procedures.ConclusionThere is wide variability in ENT undergraduate education in UK medical schools. Careful consideration of which topics are prioritised, and the teaching modalities utilised, is essential. In addition, ENT learning opportunities for undergraduates outside of the medical school curriculum should be augmented.

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Results of physician licence examination and scholarship contract compliance by the graduates of regional quotas in Japanese medical schools: a nationwide cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019418 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. e019418 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Masatoshi Matsumoto ◽

Keisuke Takeuchi ◽

Tetsuhiro Owaki ◽

Seitaro Iguchi ◽

Kazuo Inoue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical School ◽

Rural Areas ◽

National Policy ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Graduates ◽

Intermediate Outcomes ◽

The Government ◽

License Examination

ObjectivesResponding to the serious shortage of physicians in rural areas, the Japanese government has aggressively increased the number of entrants to medical schools since 2008, mostly as achiikiwaku, entrants filling a regional quota. The quota has spread to most medical schools, and these entrants occupied 16% of all medical school seats in 2016. Most of these entrants were admitted to medical school with a scholarship with the understanding that after graduation they will practise in designated areas of their home prefectures for several years. The quota and scholarship programmes will be revised by the government starting in 2018. This study evaluates the intermediate outcomes of these programmes.DesignCross-sectional survey to all prefectural governments and medical schools every year from 2014 to 2017 to obtain data on medical graduates.SettingsNationwide.ParticipantsAll quota and non-quota graduates with prefecture scholarship in each prefecture, and all the quota graduates without scholarship in each medical school.Primary outcome measuresPassing rate of the National License Examination for Physicians and the percentage of graduates who have not bought out the scholarship contract after graduation.ResultsMost prefectures and medical schools in Japan participated in this study (97.8%–100%). Quota graduates with scholarship were significantly more likely to pass the National License Examination for Physicians than the other medical graduates in Japan at all the years (97.9%, 96.7%, 97.4% and 94.7% vs 93.9%, 94.5%, 94.3% and 91.8%, respectively). The percentage of quota graduates with scholarship who remained in the scholarship contract 3 years after graduation was 92.2% and 89.9% for non-quota graduates with scholarship.ConclusionsQuota entrants showed better academic performance than their peers. Most of the quota graduates remained in the contractual workforce. The imminent revision of the national policy regarding quota and scholarship programmes needs to be based on this evidence.

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Does performance at the intercollegiate Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) examination vary according to UK medical school and course type? A retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054616 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e054616

Author(s):

Ricky Ellis ◽

Peter A Brennan ◽

Duncan S G Scrimgeour ◽

Amanda J Lee ◽

Jennifer Cleland

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Medical School ◽

Regression Models ◽

Medical Training ◽

Medical Schools ◽

School Factors ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Individual Level ◽

Medical Graduates ◽

The Uk

ObjectivesThe knowledge, skills and behaviours required of new UK medical graduates are the same but how these are achieved differs given medical schools vary in their mission, curricula and pedagogy. Medical school differences seem to influence performance on postgraduate assessments. To date, the relationship between medical schools, course types and performance at the Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons examination (MRCS) has not been investigated. Understanding this relationship is vital to achieving alignment across undergraduate and postgraduate training, learning and assessment values.Design and participantsA retrospective longitudinal cohort study of UK medical graduates who attempted MRCS Part A (n=9730) and MRCS Part B (n=4645) between 2007 and 2017, using individual-level linked sociodemographic and prior academic attainment data from the UK Medical Education Database.MethodsWe studied MRCS performance across all UK medical schools and examined relationships between potential predictors and MRCS performance using χ2 analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models identified independent predictors of MRCS success at first attempt.ResultsMRCS pass rates differed significantly between individual medical schools (p<0.001) but not after adjusting for prior A-Level performance. Candidates from courses other than those described as problem-based learning (PBL) were 53% more likely to pass MRCS Part A (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.87) and 54% more likely to pass Part B (OR 1.54 (1.05 to 2.25)) at first attempt after adjusting for prior academic performance. Attending a Standard-Entry 5-year medicine programme, having no prior degree and attending a Russell Group university were independent predictors of MRCS success in regression models (p<0.05).ConclusionsThere are significant differences in MRCS performance between medical schools. However, this variation is largely due to individual factors such as academic ability, rather than medical school factors. This study also highlights group level attainment differences that warrant further investigation to ensure equity within medical training.

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