Language Representation

2007 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Geert-Jan Rutten ◽  
Nick Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Verb Generation

Dissociated language functions are largely invalidated by standard techniques such as the amobarbital test and cortical stimulation. Language studies in which magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging are used to record data while the patient performs lexicosemantic tasks have enabled researchers to perform independent brain mapping for temporal and frontal language functions (MEG is used for temporal and fMR imaging for frontal functions). In this case report, the authors describe a right-handed patient in whom a right-sided insular glioma was diagnosed. The patient had a right-lateralized receptive language area, but expressive language function was identified in the left hemisphere on fMR imaging– and MEG-based mapping. Examinations were performed in 20 right-handed patients with low-grade gliomas (control group) for careful comparison with and interpretation of this patient's results. In these tests, all patients were asked to generate verbs related to acoustically presented nouns (verb generation) for fMR imaging, and to categorize as abstract or concrete a set of visually presented words consisting of three Japanese letters for fMR imaging and MEG. The most prominent display of fMR imaging activation by the verb-generation task was observed in the left inferior and middle frontal gyri in all participants, including the patient presented here. Estimated dipoles identified with the abstract/concrete categorization task were concentrated in the superior temporal and supra-marginal gyri in the left hemisphere in all control patients. In this patient, however, the right superior temporal region demonstrated significantly stronger activations on MEG and fMR imaging with the abstract/concrete categorization task. Suspected dissociation of the language functions was successfully mapped with these two imaging modalities and was validated by the modified amobarbital test and the postoperative neurological status. The authors describe detailed functional profiles obtained in this patient and review the cases of four previously described patients in whom dissociated language functions were found.

Dissociated expressive and receptive language functions on magnetoencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and amobarbital studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyousuke Kamada ◽  
Fumiya Takeuchi ◽  
Shinya Kuriki ◽  
Tomoki Todo ◽  
Akio Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Verb Generation

✓Dissociated language functions are largely invalidated by standard techniques such as the amobarbital test and cortical stimulation. Language studies in which magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging are used to record data while the patient performs lexicosemantic tasks have enabled researchers to perform independent brain mapping for temporal and frontal language functions (MEG is used for temporal and fMR imaging for frontal functions). In this case report, the authors describe a right-handed patient in whom a right-sided insular glioma was diagnosed. The patient had a right-lateralized receptive language area, but expressive language function was identified in the left hemisphere on fMR imaging–and MEG-based mapping. Examinations were performed in 20 right-handed patients with low-grade gliomas (control group) for careful comparison with and interpretation of this patient’s results. In these tests, all patients were asked to generate verbs related to acoustically presented nouns (verb generation) for fMR imaging, and to categorize as abstract or concrete a set of visually presented words consisting of three Japanese letters for fMR imaging and MEG. The most prominent display of fMR imaging activation by the verb-generation task was observed in the left inferior and middle frontal gyri in all participants, including the patient presented here. Estimated dipoles identified with the abstract/concrete categorization task were concentrated in the superior temporal and supramarginal gyri in the left hemisphere in all control patients. In this patient, however, the right superior temporal region demonstrated significantly stronger activations on MEG and fMR imaging with the abstract/concrete categorization task. Suspected dissociation of the language functions was successfully mapped with these two imaging modalities and was validated by the modified amobarbital test and the postoperative neurological status. The authors describe detailed functional profiles obtained in this patient and review the cases of four previously described patients in whom dissociated language functions were found.

scholarly journals Language brain dominance in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy: a comparative study between functional magnetic resonance imaging and dichotic listening test

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Ren da Fontoura ◽  
Daniel de Moraes Branco ◽  
Mauricio Anés ◽  
Jaderson Costa da Costa ◽  
Mirna Wetters Portuguez
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Brain Dominance ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Verb Generation ◽  
Lateralization Index

PURPOSE: To identify brain dominance for language functions with DLT and correlate these results with those obtained from fMRI in patients suffering from intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. METHOD: This study reports on 13 patients who underwent pre-surgical epileptic evaluation between April and October 2004 at the Epilepsy Surgery Program, Hospital Sao Lucas, PUCRS. In DLT, dominance was assessed through a consonant-vowel task, whereas in fMRI patients performed a verb generation task. RESULTS: Our results identified a correlation between the fMRI lateralization index and the DLT ear predominance index and reply difference index (r=0.6, p=0.02; Pearson Correlation Coefficient), showing positive correlation between results obtained from fMRI and DLT. CONCLUSION: DLT was found to significantly correlate with fMRI. These findings indicate that DLT (a non-invasive procedure) could be a useful tool to evaluate language brain dominance in pre-surgical epileptic patients as it is cheaper to perform than fMRI.

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Schizophrenia a Lateralisation Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Furlong ◽  
Paul Barczak ◽  
Gwilym Hayes ◽  
Graham Harding
Keyword(s):  
Index Finger ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stimulation Of

The SSEPs obtained from 19 schizophrenics defined by RDC, DSM–III and PSE criteria Were compared with those from a control group of healthy volunteers. Previous findings of an abnormal lack of lateralising response in schizophrenic patients were not replicated. No significant difference in either amplitude or morphology between the traces obtained from the two groups were recorded. Ipsilateral and contralateral latencies for stimulation of the left and right index finger showed no significant difference in peak latency for any component between patient and control group. When mean peak-to-peak amplitudes were plotted the contralateral component was always greater in amplitude than the ipsilateral one. An objective measure of the degree of lateralisation, the percentage lateralisation quotient, showed no lateralisation differences between the patient and control groups. A case of myogenic contamination of ipsilateral components was observed calling into doubt findings where no temporal region monitoring has been performed.

scholarly journals LGG-05. MOLECULAR GUIDED THERAPY FOR A PEDIATRIC LOW GRADE GLIOMA: A CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii367-iii367
Author(s):  
Jayne VonBergen ◽  
Beth Armstrong ◽  
Morgan Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Leptomeningeal Involvement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Guided Therapy

Abstract Low grade gliomas are the most common type of central nervous system tumors among children. Despite the fact that they are not typically life threatening, low grade gliomas remain a significant clinical challenge. Case Study: Patient is a 4-year-old male who presented at 20 months of age with several weeks of ataxia, emesis, and head tilt. Imaging revealed a right temporal lobe lesion; he was subsequently taken to surgery, where a gross total resection was achieved. Imaging 9 months post resection revealed recurrent disease within the right temporal region with leptomeningeal involvement. Four months later imaging revealed progression of multifocal disease and new growth within the sella. At this time the patient started standard treatment, Carboplatin and Vincristine, per CCG 9952A. Persistent slow progression was observed despite receiving standard therapy. The patient developed a grade 3 reaction to carboplatin, worsening with each subsequent dose. At this time, he was referred to our Precision Genomics Neuro Oncology program for tumor molecular characterization. Somatic tumor testing revealed an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, at which time standard treatment was stopped, and patient began targeted therapy, Larotrectinib. Imaging was preformed 2 months post start of targeted therapy and revealed interval decrease in size of previously enhancing nodular lesions; findings consistent with treatment response. Disease burden continues to decrease with therapy. This case illustrates a clear benefit of using molecular guided therapy in low grade gliomas.

Factors in Toddlers With Late Language Emergence in a Middle-Income South African Sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 152574012110547
Author(s):  
Elmien Kraamwinkel ◽  
Alta Kritzinger
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
South African ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Play Skills ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Language Emergence ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Late language emergence (LLE) may result from genetic and environmental factors. Little is known about environmental factors in LLE in South Africa. The study describes the nature of differences in language functioning between toddlers with LLE and without LLE, and which factors were associated with LLE in a middle-income area in South Africa. Toddlers, aged 24 to 36 months with LLE ( n = 20) were matched with a control group (CG, n = 21) for household income, age, gender, maternal education, and parental employment. The research group (RG) showed moderate delays in expressive and receptive language, and play skills, while the controls exhibited no delay. Significant differences in early feeding history and multilingual exposure were found between the groups. As far as known, it is the first study utilizing a South African middle-income sample indicating that multilingual exposure may play a role in LLE. The study focuses the attention on environmental factors which are potentially modifiable in LLE.

Coronary Inflammation Assessed by Perivascular Fat Attenuation Index in Patients with Psoriasis: A Propensity Score-Matched Study

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wenrui Bao ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Zhihan Xu ◽  
Fuhua Yan ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Atherosclerotic Burden ◽  
Attenuation Index ◽  
Perivascular Fat

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study aimed to evaluate coronary inflammation by measuring the perivascular fat attenuation index (FAI) and quantify the atherosclerosis burden in patients with psoriasis and control individuals without psoriasis based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 98 consecutive patients with psoriasis (76 male [77.6%], aged 56.5 years, range 45.5–65.0) were recruited, and 196 patients (157 male [80.1%]; aged 54.6 ± 14.1 years) without established cardiovascular disease (CVD) who underwent CCTA within the same period were enrolled in the control group. Coronary plaque burden was quantified using the computed tomography-adapted Leaman score (CT-LeSc), and the FAI surrounding the proximal of three main epicardial vessels was measured to represent coronary inflammation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients with psoriasis and the control subjects were well matched in CVD risk factors (all <i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). Psoriasis patients had a greater overall CT-LeSc (5.86 vs. 4.69, <i>p</i> = 0.030) and lower perivascular FAI (−80.19 ± 7.48 vs. −78.14 ± 7.81 HU, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). A similar result was found upon comparing psoriasis patients without biological or statin therapy with non-psoriasis individuals without statin treatments. Furthermore, the psoriasis group had a higher prevalence of non-calcified plaques (30.3% in the psoriasis group vs. 20.1% in the control subjects, <i>p</i> = 0.001). No difference in perivascular FAI on either calcified and mixed plaques or non-calcified plaques between the two groups was found. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients with psoriasis have a higher atherosclerotic burden as quantified by CT-LeSc and less coronary inflammation as detected by perivascular FAI around the most proximal of the three major epicardial vessels. The usefulness of perivascular FAI for evaluating coronary inflammation in patients with chronic low-grade inflammatory disease such as psoriasis should be verified.

Abstract 14849: Gender Differences in Impact of CYP2C19 Polymorphism and Low Grade Inflammation on Coronary Spasm in Patients with Vasospastic Angina (VSA)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Akasaka ◽  
Seiji Hokimoto ◽  
Noriaki Tabata ◽  
Kenji Sakamoto ◽  
Kenichi Tsujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Spasm ◽  
Coronary Spasm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cyp2c19 Genotype ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme families have been identified in extra hepatic tissues such as heart, vasculature, kidney, and lung. CYP2C19 localized in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium contributes to the regulation of vascular tone and homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether CYP2C19 genotype is associated with the vascular tonus in patients with VSA. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of CYP2C19 genotype on coronary artery spasm in patients with VSA. Methods: We examined the distribution of CYP2C19 genotype in patients with VSA (n=129) who were diagnosed by intra-coronary acetylcholine infusion test and healthy subjects (n=455) as control group. CYP2C19 genotypes were divided into 3 groups; (1) CYP2C19*1/*1: EM, (2) one loss-of-function allele (*1/*2, *1/*3: IM), and (3) two loss-of-function alleles (*2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3: PM). Moreover, we measured the level of high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) as a degree of low glade inflammation in each group. Results: The ratios of CYP2C19 genotype (EM, IM, and PM) were 30, 42, and 28% in VSA group, and 32, 49, and 19% in control group. In short, PM frequency was significantly higher in VSA than in control (28% vs 19%, P=0.026). In VSA group, the ratios of CYP2C19 genotype were 36, 44, and 20% in male, and 20, 39, and 41% in female, respectively. Briefly, the PM frequency was significantly higher in female than in male (41% vs 20%, P<0.001). Moreover, the level of hs-CRP was significantly higher in VSA group than in control group (0.17±0.367 vs 0.10.±0.240, P=0.02). When patients were stratified by gender, the level of hs-CRP was significantly higher in VSA group in female (0.11±0.198 vs 0.06±0.105, P=0.031) and male (0.20±0.438 vs 0.12±0.277, P=0.044). Multivariate analysis for coronary spasm indicated high age, hypertension, and high level of hs-CRP as predictive factors among all subjects. PM is a predictive factor for coronary spasm in female group only (OR3.1, 95%RI 1.525-6.317, P=0.002), but not in male (OR0.829, 95%RI 0.453-1.518, P=0.543). Conclusion: The CYP2C19 two loss-of-function alleles (PM) and low grade inflammation may be associated with pathophysiology of coronary artery spasm and the regulation of coronary tonus, especially in female.

The persistent crucial role of the left hemisphere for language in left-handers with a left low grade glioma: a stimulation mapping study

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Matsuda ◽  
Sylvie Moritz-Gasser ◽  
Sophie Duvaux ◽  
Alejandro Fernández Coello ◽  
Matteo Martinoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mapping Study

scholarly journals MicroRNAs Which Can Prognosticate Aggressiveness of Bladder Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Marta Borkowska ◽  
Tomasz Konecki ◽  
Michał Pietrusiński ◽  
Maciej Borowiec ◽  
Zbigniew Jabłonowski
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
High Death Rate ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
High Death ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Bladder cancer (BC) is still characterized by a very high death rate in patients with this disease. One of the reasons for this is the lack of adequate markers which could help determine the biological potential of the tumor to develop into its invasive stage. It has been found that some microRNAs (miRNAs) correlate with disease progression. The purpose of this study was to identify which miRNAs can accurately predict the presence of BC and can differentiate low grade (LG) tumors from high grade (HG) tumors. The study included 55 patients with diagnosed bladder cancer and 30 persons belonging to the control group. The expression of seven selected miRNAs was estimated with the real-time PCR technique according to miR-103-5p (for the normalization of the results). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the feasibility of using selected markers as biomarkers for detecting BC and discriminating non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) from muscle invasive BC (MIBC). For HG tumors, the relevant classifiers are miR-205-5p and miR-20a-5p, whereas miR-205-5p and miR-182-5p are for LG (AUC = 0.964 and AUC = 0.992, respectively). NMIBC patients with LG disease are characterized by significantly higher miR-130b-3p expression values compared to patients in HG tumors.

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