scholarly journals ТHЕ ANALYSIS OF NATURE OF DAMAGE OF THE MATRIX MATERIAL, USED IN PRODUCTION OF DIAMOND DRILLING AND STONE-WORKING TOOLS DURING THE DESTRUCTION OF A ROCKS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Vynohradova ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Vasylchuk ◽  
Anatoly Zakora ◽  
Grygorii Petasyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Diamond Tool ◽  
Roughness Element ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper are studied themechanism of matrix damage in rock cutting diamond toolswhen interacting with rock. Earlier, in the sludge obtained during mining with a diamond tool on a block of sandstone of the Torez deposit, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) ZEISS EVO 50 XVP, equipped with Oxford Instruments` Ultim Max 100 energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (elemental analysis) particles were found whose chemical composition corresponded to the matrix material of the tool. According to the theory of M.V. Kirpichev, the complete correspondence of all configuration elements of the individual studied matrix particles and rock particles, which the sludge obtained as a result of work of diamond tool testifies to a single mechanism of brittle fracture of both counterbodies during dynamic interaction. However, the nature of the matrix material indentation, remains, unexplored. On the basis of the hypothesis that the damage to the matrix material of a diamond tool is carried out by roughness elements from the side of the rock, the goal was set to investigate the wear products of a diamond-free insert made from material, used as a matrix in a diamond rock-breaking tool with a short-term dynamic contact with cooling with a rock block However, the nature of the matrix material indentation, remains, unexplored. The originality of the method lies in the fact that in this study, the destructive indenters are not diamond grains, which gouge out particles of the rock, but elements of the roughness of the rock, which damage theexperimental cylindrical free-diamond element from NiSn (6%), having a density of 7.875 g/cm3, performed by the method of intensive sintering. The sludge obtained as a result of a short-term interaction of the experimental element and the rotating block of the rock on the bench was examined using a , using aabove-mentioned scanning electron microscope. The spectral analysis of the removed from the sludge particle of matrix material from which the experimental diamond-free element was made, confirmed the conformity of chemical composition of particle to the chemical composition of the matrix material of the experimental diamond-free sample.Full correspondence of all configurational components of a NiSn particle (6%) obtained by the action of a rock roughness element on a diamond-free insert during their dynamic interaction with all configurational components of wear particles of a diamond tool matrix., according to the similarity theory of M.V. Kirpichev, confirms the above-mentioned hypothesis.

Fabrication and Properties of Lignin/Castor Oil-Based Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1535-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Juan Wang ◽  
Hai Yan Xiao ◽  
Feng Qiang Sun ◽  
Jian Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Facile Route ◽  
Scanning Electron

Novel bio-based composites were developed from maleate castor oil (MACO) and lignin through free radical initiated copolymerization between MACO and diluent monomer styrene(St). The morphology and structure of the composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical and thermal behaviors of the composites were investigated, which showed the incorporation of a little of lignin in the castor oil based polymer can enhance the tensile properties of the matrix polymer greatly. This work provides a facile route to prepare bio-based composite materials from castor oil and lignin and can be extended to prepare other bio-based materials from reproducible resources.

Scanning acoustic microscopy investigation of melted collagen in thermoplastic leather

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2446-2448
Author(s):  
A. Wyler ◽  
G. Golan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Acoustic Microscope ◽  
Microscopy Investigation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron

A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) has been used to investigate the structure of thermoplastic leather. This material is formed by pressing fibers of leather under high pressure and moderate temperature. The result is a matrix from transformed, melted fibers in which leftover fibers act as reinforcement. Unlike the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the SAM is able to distinguish between completely and incompletely transformed fibers and also to penetrate the material beneath the surface. The results show that the matrix is built as a domain structure. The advantages of the SAM over the SEM for organic materials are indicated.

Oxidation of Manganese-Containing Aluminum Alloys Studied by SEM

2014 ◽  
Vol 794-796 ◽  
pp. 1095-1100
Author(s):  
Shawn C. Wilson ◽  
Anne Kvithyld ◽  
Thorvald Abel Engh ◽  
Gabriella Tranell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Scanning Electron

During remelting of aluminum manganese-containing alloys, some industrial experience has indicateda tendency toward increased oxidation losses when compared to unalloyed Al. A goal of thiswork is to increase current knowledge of oxidation of Mn-containing aluminum. An oxidation studywas performed on 99.99% Al, Al-1%Mn and Al-5%Mn materials in a muffle furnace in air. Theseoxidized materials were analyzed in the Scanning Electron Microscope using Energy Dispersive xraySpectroscopy (EDS) both for chemical composition and to analyze the structure of the oxide thatwas formed. The main findings from the SEM analysis of the oxidized 99.99% Al, Al1%Mn andAl5%Mn materials are: 1) The oxides formed on the Al1Mn and Al5Mn materials contained onlyminute amounts of Mn. However, small clusters of Mn metal were found among the Al2O3 particleson the surface of the Al1Mn and Al5Mn samples. 2) Dissolved Mn increased from the surface to theinterior, and Mn-rich particles were present in the interior of the Al1Mn and Al5Mn samples. 3) Theoxide layer thickness increases with Mn content, and the oxide film is more fragmented.

Mucilaginous film production by plant cells immobilised in a polyurethane or nylon matrix

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2357-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. C. Rhodes ◽  
R. J. Robins ◽  
R. J. Turner ◽  
J. I. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nylon Fibre ◽  
Scanning Electron

The surface features of plant cells immobilised in a matrix of either reticulated polyurethane foam or nylon fibre have been examined with the scanning electron microscope. It has been found that both cells and matrix are enveloped in a thin film, the appearance of which is very dependent on the method by which material is prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The structure is severely damaged by fixation and dehydration. Only in specimens examined in the frozen hydrated state is a structure seen compatible with that observed with the light microscope. From the way the appearance of the film is affected by different methods of preparation for the scanning electron microscope, it is suggested that the film is a hydrated mucilage. The importance of this film for the retention of cells within the matrix is discussed.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CASTING BRASS IN INGOTS USED FOR MANUFACTURE OF STOP VALVES

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
A. A. Pivovarchyk ◽  
Е. V. Pivovarchyk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron

The article presents the results of a research of the chemical composition of brass foundry grade LS, supplied by domestic and foreign producers, as well as the chemical composition of brass lead grade LC4C used for the manufacture of stop valves. The research was made with use of optical emission spectrometers of various models and a scanning microscope. It was established that the pig delivered by the domestic producers corresponds to parameters of chemical composition for the pig’s foundry brand LS, while in the pig supplied by foreign producers there were found disparities of the chemical composition of certain basic elements. The results of the studies showed that the pig supplied by all producers, as well as the melt obtained with its use, contain in its composition such harmful impurities as S, Bi and P in the amount of 0.001%, 0.0017% and 0.0045%, respectively, that can lead to a decrease in the technological properties of products. It has been established that the use of ARL 3460 and OBLF-QSW 750 emission spectrometers and the Tescan VEGA II LMU scanning electron microscope makes it possible to obtain practically identical values of the content of the main elements and impurities in pigs of foundry and brass lead grade LC40C in studies on determining the chemical composition of the materials under study. 

scholarly journals Analysis of Two Bronze Mirrors With Tin-rich Surface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Yao ◽  
Jiatian Zhao ◽  
Xinguang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Metallographic Structure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bronze Mirrors ◽  
Natural Corrosion ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract "black lacquer " and “silver lacquer”are very special categories of ancient chinese bronze mirrors, and the cause of the formation of lacquer surface has attracted much attention. In this paper, metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope are used to analyze one "black lacquer " and one “silver lacquer”bronze mirror. The matrix of the two mirrors is copper-tin alloy with lead and the metallographic structure is as cast. The tin-rich layer with uneven thickness exists on the surface of the 2 mirrors. Based on the analysis of tin-rich layer, it is concluded that the“silver lacquer” is intentionally artificial, and its surface is treated with lead-tin amalgam, which is composed of mechanical combination and micro-metallurgy. The "black paint" was formed by natural corrosion in the underground environment.

A High Vacuum Scanning Electron Microscope

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
W. R. Bottoms
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Scanning Electron

The vacuum system of any electron optical instrument effects the contamination rate, electron source life, the quality of the electron source which can be employed, vibration amplitudes and stray magnetic field levels. It is particularly important for the scanning electron microscope where the object of primary interest is a specimen surface which can be altered by contamination. If we extend our investigations to employ Auger electron spectroscopy for surface chemical analysis, the requirements on the vacuum system are much more stringent. It is necessary that the chemical composition of the surface monolayer is not appreciably altered during the time required to take Auger spectra. The vacuum level required to accomplish this is dependent on the specimen material and the chemical composition of the ambient gas.Commercially available equipment can be modified to provide a vacuum environment maximizing the analytical capabilities of the instrument. The gas loads from the specimen and electron gun chambers of the instrument are minimized by utilizing only materials with favorable outgassing rates, and employing a gentle bakeout to remove water and other loosely bound gases on the system surfaces.

Structure of Al-AlN Composite Coatings Obtained by Arc-PVD Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Mendala
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Multilayer Coatings ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Nitride Coatings ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper the investigations concerning deposition of aluminium and aluminium nitride coatings by Arc-PVD method were presented. The tests were done on samples made of martensitic stainless steel EI962 (11H11N2W2MF) type. The aluminium base coatings are corrosion resistant in many environments and are anodic in comparison with most of steel. For this reason those coatings are expected to form a replacement for cadmium galvanic coatings. The main parameters of aluminium base coatings deposition by Arc-PVD processes were presented. Influence of Arc-PVD parameters on Al-AlN composite coatings structure was described. The models of Al-AlN composite coatings and Al/Al-AlN multilayer coatings as well as the scanning electron microscope microstructure and profile chemical composition by GDOS analysis of the coatings deposited on EI962 stainless steel were shown.

Effect of Ti Element on the Mechanical Properties of Cu-Matrix Bonding Diamond Tool Bits

2016 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 865-868
Author(s):  
Chang Jiang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Diamond Tool ◽  
Interface Bonding ◽  
Hot Pressing Sintering ◽  
Sintering Method ◽  
Ti Content ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using the hot-pressing sintering method, Cu-matrix bonding diamond tool bits including 0, 4 and 8 % Ti content (wt.%) were prepared. The effect of Ti content on the mechanical properties of Cu-matrix bonding diamond tool bits was studied. The experimental results showed that the influence of Ti content on the flexural strengths of Cu-matrix bonding bits and diamond tool bits are significant. Furthermore, the morphologies and compositions of fracture surfaces of diamond tool bits were characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results illustrated that when the Ti content was 4%, the interface bonding between the diamond and the Cu-matrix bonding was the strongest, the flexural strength had the maximum values of the Cu-matrix bonding bits and the diamond tool bits, the values were 644 MPa and 515.8 MPa respectively.

Influence of Ultrasonic Peening on Wear Resistance of U70 Rails

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1471-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Xia Chen ◽  
Bo Lin He
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Plastic Deformation Zone ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Ultrasonic Peening ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One ◽  
Scanning Electron

The surface of U70 rails was treated by ultrasonic peening method. Keeping the electric current 1.5 A, the amplitude 24 µm and the frequency 10000 HZ during the treatment, the peening duration was 10 min, 20 min, 40 min and 60 min respectively. The wear property, wear appearance, and structural appearance of specimens have been studied by M-2000 wear tester and 6360LA scanning electron microscope. Results show that ultrasonic peening treatment can significantly improve the wear resistance of U70 rails, and the longer the peening duration, the stronger the wear resistance. The wear mass loss of the specimen with 60 min treatment is only 27 % of the one untreated. The reason is that ultrasonic peening can form plastic deformation zones. The depth of plastic deformation zones increases with the peening duration. The depth of plastic deformation zones of the specimen with 60 min treatment is nearly 100 µm. Longer peening duration means severer plastic deformation. In the plastic deformation zone, ferrite is refined to smaller grains so that the matrix is strengthened.

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