Aesthetic Outcomes of Early Occlusal Loaded SLA Dental Implants with Hydroxyl Ion Modified Surface—A 12 Months Prospective Study

Background: Many efforts have been made recently to arrange a newer, more hydrophilic and more osteoconductive implant surface. One of the possible options in this matter is modification with hydroxyl ion. Materials and Methods: Forty implants with the diameters 3.5 and 4.0 mm were inserted as a single missing tooth restoration protocol in the frontal aspect of the maxilla. All implants were loaded early in a 4 week period. Prior to and during the surgery, the following indices were considered: height of keratinized tissue, the thickness of soft tissue, and the initial level of bone tissue. After 12 months, the implant and the tissues in its direct vicinity were evaluated once more with the following indices: marginal bone loss (MBL), height of keratinized tissue (HKT), probing pocket depth (PPD), pink and white aesthetics scores (PES, WES), as well as pain sensations combined with the procedure (VAS). All results were related to the diameter of the implant and thickness of periodontal biotype. Results: High aesthetic outcomes were reported regardless of soft tissue thickness and implant diameter. The VAS score was higher for the 4.0 implant group, and the thickness of soft tissue had no influence on VAS. In case of implantation in thin or soft tissue, higher MBL levels were reported (0.26 mm), while in case of a thick phenotype, MBL was 0.06 mm. Conclusions: Hydrophilic surface implants can be used for a protocol of early functional occlusal loading. The initial thickness of soft tissue does not influence aesthetic outcomes and does not raise pain perception, although it may elevate crestal bone resorption.

Periodontal biotype: anatomic features and association with surrounding tissue

The high prevalence of periodontal diseases, up to 90%, is an important issue in medicine. The periodontal biotype is one of the most important parameters that determine the course and prognosis of periodontal diseases. Gingival thickness, keratinized tissue, and bone morphology are the main characteristics of the periodontal biotype. This article presents a review of the literature on the characteristics of periodontal biotypes, their response to treatment, and treatment prognosis. A search of electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, CyberLeninka, Elibrary, and RINC) was performed for the literature review. The article also presents studies about relationships among periodontal biotype, recession, and malocclusion. The thin biotype is a predictive factor of gingival recession. Recessions are characterized by apical migration of marginal gingiva and defects in root coverage. Gingival recession may result from orthodontic movement of teeth, particularly among patients with the thin gingival biotype. The thin and thick biotypes respond differently to inflammation, restorative and surgical effects, and parafunctional habits. A gingival thickness greater than 2 mm can be categorized as the thick biotype and less than 1,5 mm as the thin biotype. Gingival thickness can affect the results of restorative therapy and root coverage procedures. It is necessary to determine the gingival biotype before initiating treatment. Special care must be taken when planning treatment for cases with a thin biotype.

Features of the approach to orthodontic treatment of patients taking into account the periodontal biotype

A feature of periodontal anatomy, in which the proximity of the roots of the teeth to the cortical plates or the sections of the roots of the teeth is determined and that are not included in the bone tissue, contributes to the onset of gum recession or its progression during or after orthodontic treatment. When teeth move towards the cortical plate, it can be destroyed. At the same time, teeth moving towards the center of alveolar ridge often causes the formation of bone tissue from the vestibular side that contributes to the improvement of fixing ability of the periodontium. In case when oral vestibular size of the roots of the teeth exceeds the volume of periodontal tissues, orthodontists use treatment methods that contribute to creating space within the dentition without changing its size: grinding of approximate surfaces and selective extraction of teeth. Knowing and considering periodontal biotypes, clinicians can predict the course of treatment, apply appropriate methods of orthodontic benefits to minimize alveolar resorption and ensure favorable results.

Relationship between types of smile and periodontal biotype in dental students of the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil

Smile being one of the aesthetic parameters most required by patients, dentists tend to evaluate it, among other factors, according to the amount of gingiva that the patient shows when smiling. This smile can be classified as high, medium and low. For correct interpretation and good diagnosis should also be analyzed soft tissue, such as the periodontal biotype, it can be thin and thick. The reason for our investigation is to observe the relationship between the type of smile and the periodontal biotype. The cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 100 UCSG dental students, randomly selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The type of smile was determined, whether it was high, medium or low. The periodontal biotype was determined by two methods: the visual, in which the clinical characteristics of each were analyzed, and by the transparency or not of the probe, through the gingival sulcus in the teeth 11, 12 and 13. Were analyzed 100 subjects, 33 men and 67 women. 27% of the total of the subjects had high smile, 65% showed average smile and the 8 % low smile. 70% showed to have thick biotype while 30% remaining fine biotype. When relating the two variables, of high smile 15%=thin biotype and 85%=thick biotype, of low smile 25%=thin biotype and 75%=thick biotype and of low smile 37%=thin biotype and 63%=thick biotype.

PREVALENCE OF THE GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT GROUPS BLOOD IN DEPENDING ON AGE AND PERIODONTAL BIOTYPE

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of generalized periodontitis depending on age and biotype of periodontium. Materials and methods: We examined 855 males aged 20-55 years, who were divided into 2 groups: the main group – 570 surveyed with a generalized periodontitis, the comparison group – 285 dental healthy individuals.The diagnosis of generalized periodontitis was established by the classification Danilevsky M.F. (1994) and refined by using paraclinical indices. The periodontal biotype was determined using Hu-Friedy Colourvue Biotype Probe. Results: As a result of the conducted researches was establish, in the carriers of blood group O (I) and A (II), developed forms of generalized periodontitis were found, on average, 2.7 times more often than the initial forms of the disease. Instead, at the representatives of B (III) and AB (IV) groups blood the frequency of initial GP – I degree was on average, 1.2 times greater than the prevalence of developed forms of generalized periodontitis. Also as a result of our researches, we found that the cluster A1 had 39.30% patients, cluster A2 was found at 28, 77%, and cluster B – 31.93% of the total number of patients with generalized periodontitis. Conclusions: As a result of our research, it was found that in the carriers of the blood group O (I) and A (II), more advanced forms of generalized periodontitis were observed, which was confirmed by the presence of the biotype of the periodontal disease in the cluster A1 and A2.

Оцінка інтенсивності запальних процесів у тканинах пародонта в пацієнтів із рецесією ясен залежно від віку та біотипу пародонта

Summary. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases remains one of the most important tasks of modern dentistry in connection with their high prevalence among all age groups of the population. Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of gum recession, as one of the clinical forms of periodontal disease. The paper presents data on paraclinical indexes in patients with gum recession, depending on age and biotype of periodontal disease. The aim of the study – to evaluate the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues in patients with gum recession, depending on age and periodontal biotype using paraclinical indices. Materials and Methods. The article presents a comparative assessment of the intensity of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues, depending on age and periodontal biotype in 204 somatically healthy patients who had a recession of the gums caused by different etiological factors. Results and Discussion. As a result of our research, it was found that with increasing age, there was a clear tendency to increase the indexes of all paraclinical indexes analyzed by us. Also, attention was drawn to the fact that the carriers of biotype periodontal A1-Thin S flow of inflammatory processes proceeded more pronounced and more intense.Conclusions. In persons with recession gum, the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues increased with age, but depended on the periodontal biotype.Conclusions. In persons with recession gum, the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues increased with age, but depended on the periodontal biotype.