scholarly journals Artists and psychoactive substances use

Psychiatriki ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthymia Patsika ◽  
Minerva-Melpomeni Malliori
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Hypothesis

It is a well-established common notion that artists appear to use and abuse psychoactive substances more frequently and heavily than non-artists. The purpose of this study was to investigate if this holds true. The sample consisted of 118 participants, both artists and non-artists. They were asked to complete the ASSIST questionnaire, developed by the World Health Organization, that includes closed questions on substance use along with an additional questionnaire on demographic characteristics. The questionnaires were posted online in a digital platform. The artists scored significantly higher on substance use than the other professionals. Women reported less psychoactive substance use compared to men. The results confirmed the study hypothesis, in line with previous research findings. The number of similar studies in the international literature is limited. Our results are particularly useful but due to significant limitations of this study further investigation is suggested, as well as further examination of the causes of the phenomenon.

scholarly journals Use of psychoactive substances and school performance in health students

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
Guillermo Muñoz- Zurita ◽  
Silvia Bocanegra Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
World Health ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Student Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Summary: The consumption of psychoactive substances legal and illegal, is a phenomenon that has been increasing dramatically in the world, which has attracted the attention of international organizations like the United Nations Organization and the World Health Organization. Psychoactive substance use is a real problem that is negatively affecting society, also is affecting consumers in their social, economic and health roles. As a social problem, we can see that several studies and research information reveal the magnitude and trends of use and abuse of such substances in our country. Material and methods: The study was a unicentric and transversal in the student community of “Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla” medical school in the month of April of this year. A survey was applied based in the Mexican official standard (Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-028-SSA2-2016) for prevention, treatment and control of addiction, the students are between 18 and 26 years who agreed to participate in the research as voluntary and anonymous people. Results: The most consumed psychoactive substance in the medical school of the Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla was caffeine, followed by alcohol and nicotine. In terms of frequency we have 25% consume these substance daily, 28% weekly, 18% monthly and 1% in exams season. Their consumption motive in the most part of the students (46%) was as a part of his life, 23% do it to improve their performance and 19% does if for addiction.

scholarly journals Psychoactive Substance Use among Second-Year and Third-Year Medical Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Sapkota ◽  
Vinutha Silvanus ◽  
Priyanka Shah ◽  
Sanjeev Chandra Gautam ◽  
Anjeel Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Second Year

Introduction: Psychoactive substance use among medical students is common. This may not only pose a threat to their health and academic performance but may have medico-legal and ethical ramifications. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of six psychoactive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, benzodiazepines, opioids) among second year and third year medical students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was done in a medical college. Whole sampling was done and ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference Number: 54-074/075). The study was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire modified and adapted from World Health Organization's guidelines for student substance use survey was used to collect data from second year and third year medical students. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 was used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 226 total respondents, 95 (42.0%) (35.55- 48.45 at 95% Confidence Interval) reported current use of one or more psychoactive substances. Most frequently used substance was alcohol with current use prevalence of 87 (38.5%), followed by smoking 39 (17.3%) and cannabis 27 (11.9%). Cocaine, benzodiazepines and opioids were the least consumed substances with current use prevalence of 2 (0.9%) each. Conclusions: Almost half of the students were currently using one or more psychoactive substances which is concerning, and therefore strategies must be adopted to alleviate such use.

Religious Uses of Licit and Illicit Psychoactive Substances in a Branch of the Santo Daime Religion

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Santo Daime ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Constant Source

The article deals with the different effects of tolerant and prohibitionist policies associated with psychoactive substance use in Brazil. Whereas the licit use of ayahuasca has been successfully incorporated into mainstream Brazilian society, the ritual use of cannabis by one of the Santo Daime religious groups has never been fully accepted and remains a constant source of problems for the ayahuasca churches, their followers and society at large.

scholarly journals A pattern of alcohol consumption among marijuana users in the adult population of the city of Gdańsk

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Maciej Brosz
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
The City

Alcohol and marijuana are the most commonly used psychoactive substances both in Europe and Poland. In the last four years the proportion of marijuana users in the adult population of Gdańsk has almost doubled: from 7.1% in 2015 to 14.1% in 2019. The surveys concerning the consumption of alcohol conducted every four years since 2007 indicate a significant fact: the proportion of people who drink is decreasing. However, this does not mean that they drink less or less often. A question elaborated in this article is whether marijuana users consume more or less alcohol than non-users. This article is based on the data collected in a questionnaire survey on alcohol and other psychoactive substance use conducted in Gdańsk in the autumn of 2019 on a representative sample of 1,004 adult residents of the city.

scholarly journals Risk factors of early psychoactive substances dependence among youth

2022 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
R. M. Sadykov ◽  
N. L. Bolshakova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Informal Groups

The article considers a number of factors that influence the use of psychoactive substances by young people in Russia: psychological, social, economic, medico-biological, spiritual and moral and others. The main reasons for psychoactive substance use among this age group are: neglect by parents, psychoactive substance use by parents and other relatives, abuse by parents and guardians, low family income, conflicts and lack of understanding of the age-specific characteristics of adolescents by parents, low motivation to study, low status among peer groups, youth informal groups. In addition to risk factors, protection factors – circumstances that reduce the likelihood of a person becoming involved with psychoactive substances have also been identified: a strong family, with a healthy and supportive psychological atmosphere, success in educational activities, parental involvement in the life of their children, etc. 

scholarly journals Impulsivity and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. e1334
Author(s):  
Nicole Guadalupe Vallejo Alviter ◽  
Jorge Luis Arellanez Hernández ◽  
Catalina Francisca González Forteza ◽  
Fernando Wagner Echeagaray
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

This research studies impulsiveness and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use. The objective of this research was to analyze the differences in impulsiveness and family conflict between high school student users and non-users of illegal psychoactive substances. A quantitative methodology through a cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out. A questionnaire composed by the Plutchik scale of impulsiveness, some items of the Climent, Aragón and Plutchik Scale of Impulsivity and indicators to explore consumption of psychoactive substances. The sample was composed by 344 high school students of the municipality of Emiliano Zapata in Veracruz, México. The results show that 9.0% have consumed illegal drugs. A correlation was found between family conflict, impulsivity and use of psychoactive substances. We found that impulsivity and risk taking are predictors of illegal drug use. The results show that impulsivity is a factor related to drug use and it is necessary to design interventions that favor management of emotions and decision making in adolescents, as well as the participation of the family in substance use prevention programs. 

scholarly journals Psychoactive substance use and perception of mental health status in inmates of two Portuguese prisons

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Mónica Marinho ◽  
Paulo Vitoria
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Male Prisoners

Aim To describe patterns of and associations between psychoactive substance use and perception of mental health status amongst male prisoners. Method Participants consisted of 60 male prisoners, with a mean age of 38.5 (SD = 11.0). A standardised interview with three sections was carried out: 1) socio-demographic variables, 2) perception of mental health status by CORE-OM, 3) evaluation of psychoactive substance use and dependence (tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs). Results The majority of the participants reported using a named psychoactive substance during the current detention period. Substance use and addiction tended to be higher amongst the younger men and those who had achieved a higher education. A minority perceived their mental health as good. Self-reported low and mild impairment of mental health is higher in participants who achieved a higher education level and, moderate and severe impairment is higher in lower educated participants. The perceived impairment appeared to be less severe in smokers and alcohol users. Conclusion This study highlights the need for a better understanding of the underlying causes and subsequent consequences of the high prevalence of inmate’s psychoactive substances use, as well as the better perception of mental health status in those who consume psychoactive substances.

scholarly journals Nurtured and sorrowful: Positive and negative emotional appeals in COVID-19 themed brand communications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Mensa ◽  
Lizardo Vargas-Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Emotional Appeals ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Archive ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Industry Professionals

This study aims to analyze emotional appeals in brand advertisements themed in COVID-19 during the immediate months after the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic. The study focused on the frequencies of use of positive and negative emotional appeals in ad contents, and on the concurrent combinations of those appeals. Researchers conducted a content analysis among ads included in an online archive, selected by industry professionals for their creative quality. The results reveal a preference for positive emotions, as nurturance and affiliation show the highest frequency of use. These appeals, along with sorrow, nostalgia, and excitement, were preferred to be used concurrently. Research findings are consistent with the literature and lead to future examination of emotional appeals in advertising under stressful and uncertain circumstances.

scholarly journals Psychoactive substance use and crime: analysis of the relationship between age of onset and recidivism

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Rodríguez Díaz ◽  
Carolina Bringas Molleda ◽  
María De La Villa Moral Jiménez ◽  
Beatriz Pérez Sánchez ◽  
Cristina Estrada Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Crime Analysis ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
The Relationship

The entail between behavior transgressor and consumption of psychoactive substances has been studied in different investigations by the aim to establish a possible causal relation, without up to the date it has come near to definitive conclusions. The aim that we appear in this study is to know the age of beginning to the consumption of some substances, both legal and illegal, inside a penitentiary sample, dividing this one for the number of penitentiary income. There took part 157 prisoners of Villabona'sprision (Asturias), of ages that they include from the 19 at the age of 49, being only women 5,1 %. The number of income in prison has qualified in two groups: Primary (an alone entry in the jail) and recidivism (two ó more income). The analysis of survival realized by means of the procedure Kaplan-Meier, it offers significant differences in the age of beginning of the consumption in some of the considered substances, highlighting the importance of the precocious beginning in the consumption for the backslider prisoner population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of, Factors Associated with and Level of Dependence of Psychoactive Substance Use among Mekelle University Students, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema ◽  
Znabu Hadush Kahsay ◽  
Gebrezgi Gidey Lemma ◽  
Welday Hagos Gebretsadik ◽  
Mamuye Mussie Weldemaryam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Mekelle University ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
University Undergraduate Students

Background: Psychoactive substance use is a major public health concern globally. Though youth attending higher education institutions are considered particularly vulnerable to psychoactive substances, there is a paucity of evidence in Ethiopia. We aimed to determine the prevalence of psychoactive substance use, factors associated with psychoactive substance use and level of dependence among Mekelle University undergraduate students in Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based quantitative cross-sectional survey was used to randomly (using multistage sampling) invite 1220 undergraduate students in April and May 2017 to participate. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with psychoactive substance use. Level of dependence was determined using the WHO’s Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test classification. Results: Among the eligible students approached, 1214 participants completed the survey, which yields a 99.5% response rate. The lifetime prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 66.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 64% to 69%) while the current prevalence was 49% (95% CI = 46% to 52%). A history of, but not current, psychoactive substance use was reported by 18%, while 33.5% reported never having used psychoactive substances. The current prevalence of alcohol use was 35.5%, tobacco 7.8% and khat 5.7%. Of the current users, 17% (95% CI = 14% to 20%) were at a moderate to high risk of dependency. Being over 21 years of age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.37 to 2.25), male (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI = 2.26 to 4.34), living in urban areas (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.77 to 3.23), an Orthodox Christian (AOR = 7.55, 95% CI = 4.56 to 12.48), and being in their 3rd year (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.49 to 3.55), 4th year (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2 to 3.51) and 5th year (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.81 to 7.67) at university were associated with currently using psychoactive substances. Being male and Orthodox Christian was associated with being an ex-smoker. Conclusions: Approximately half of Mekelle University undergraduate students were using psychoactive substances with almost one in five at risk of dependency. The likelihood of use increased with seniority. Evidence-based strategies are needed to prevent school-aged children from using psychoactive substances and university students becoming dependent on substances. Interventions designed to stop current psychoactive substance use may also have promise for reducing dependency.

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