scholarly journals Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved Crops by Rural Farmers in Niger

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Bago ◽  
Aude E. A. Koutaba ◽  
Aristide B. Valéa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Land Title ◽  
Parcel Size ◽  
Seed Increase

Improved crops are advocated to meet the dual challenge of food security and the fight against poverty in developing countries. As most poor people in developing countries live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for their livelihood, an important key to get them out of poverty is to increase agricultural productivity by using technologies such as improved crops. However, the rate of improved crops adoption remains surprisingly low in Niger, one of the world poorest countries. In this paper, we examine the factors affecting adoption of improved crops by rural farmers focusing on Niger. Using the 2014’s National Survey on Households Living Conditions and Agriculture, we investigate the effect of farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics, the farm’s quality, the geographic location, the production system, the access to improved seeds and the land tenure on the probability to use improved crops rather than local crops. Our results suggest that the ownership of a government land title is the most important driver in the adoption of improved crops by rural farmers. In addition, being a female, educated, practicing polyculture, having access to improved seed increase the probability to adopt improved crops. In contrast, household size, operating on the parcel for a long period and the parcel size reduces the probability to use improved crops. These determinants of improved crops adoption should be considered in Niger’s agricultural policy to succeed in the dissemination of improved crops among rural farmers.

FINANCIAL INCLUSION THROUGH MICRO FINANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
P. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

Finance has become an essential part of an economy for development of the society as well as economy of nation. World leaders are embracing nancial inclusion at an accelerating pace, because they know that an inclusive nancial system that responsibly reaches all citizens is an important ingredient for social and economic progress for emerging markets and developing countries. Despite the political tailwind, half of the working-age adults globally – 2.5 billion people – remain excluded from formal nancial services. Instead, they have to rely on the age-old informal mechanisms of the moneylender or pawnbroker for credit or the rotating savings club and vulnerable livestock for savings. The pandemic has had a momentous impact on economies and societies around the world. At the same time, it has shown that, with the right approach, it is possible to protect and safeguard the economy. . Through Financial inclusion we can achieve equitable and inclusive growth of the nation. Financial inclusion stands for delivery of appropriate nancial services at an affordable cost, on timely basis to vulnerable groups such as low income groups and weaker section who lack access to even the most basic banking services. It helps in economic development as it widens the resource base of the nancial system by developing a culture of savings among large segment of rural population. Further, nancial inclusion protects their nancial wealth and other resources in exigent circumstances by bringing low income groups within the perimeter of formal banking sector. Financial inclusion engages in including poor people in the formal banking industry with the intention of securing their minimal nances for future purposes. Micronance has become a medium of extending nancial services to unbanked sections of population. Micronance is banking the unbankables, bringing credit, savings and other essential nancial services within the reach of millions of people who are too poor to be served by regular banks, in most cases because they are unable to offer sufcient collateral. In a country like India with almost 30% (more than 360 million) people still below poverty line and according to latest census gures, more than 70% or 840 million people living in rural areas with little or no access to formal banking and other nancial services, micronance has a big role to play in order to bridge this gap. The Micro Finance Institutions occupies key position in nancial inclusion through micro nance where the exclusion. In developing countries, the growth of micronance institutions (MFIs) which specically target low income individuals are viewed as potentially useful for promotion of nancial inclusion. Even though MFIs at present, mainly offer only credit products; as they grow, they are likely to expand their product range to include other nancial services.

scholarly journals Cash Crops and Food Security: A Case of Tea Farmers in Burundi

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Pierre C. Bitama ◽  
Philippe Lebailly ◽  
Patrice Ndimanya ◽  
Philippe Burny
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Permanent Income ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
Cash Crops

Food security is a genuine challenge in developing countries. To combat food insecurity, various means and strategies are being mobilized. The promotion of cash crops in rural areas is one of the main strategies for improving food security. Accessibility to subsistence staples and stable living conditions for rural farmers are made possible by the relatively high and permanent income from cash crops. This paper addresses the issue of food security by discussing the power of tea crop incomes in a rural tea farming area in Burundi. A survey was conducted in 2019 among 120 smallholder tea farmers in two communes located in the Mugamba natural region of Burundi. The results show that the tea plant contributes significantly to food security for both tea farmers and non-tea farmers. By complementing other livelihood resources, tea incomes improve the food security of smallholder tea farmers. In addition, tea incomes ensure the resilience of smallholder tea farmers during lean seasons and against various shocks. Besides, the perennial nature of the tea plant provides a pension for smallholder tea farmers in their old age.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals in Daucus carota and their importance in nutrition – Review article

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ahmad ◽  
Maria Cawood ◽  
Asmat Batool ◽  
Rana Muhammad Sabir Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Awais Ghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Nutrition Review

Background. Carrot is a multi-nutritional food source. It is an important root vegetable, rich in natural bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties, such as antioxidants that have anti-carcinogenic properties. Aim. This review summarises the occurrences and biosynthesis of phytochemicals and factors affecting their concentration in carrot and their pharmacological functions related to human health. Method. 155 articles including original research papers, books, book chapters were downloaded and 94 articles (most relevant to the topic) were selected for writing the review article. The rejected research papers were too old or irrelevant. Results. Carrot contains important phytochemicals i.e. phenolic compounds, carotenoids, polyacetylenes and ascorbic acid which are bioactive compounds and recognised for their nutraceutical effects and health benefits. These chemicals aid in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plasma lipid modification and anti-tumour properties. This vegetable can be used to improve the health of poor people, especially in developing countries. Discussion. We recommend carrot to be promoted as a food security and food safety crop in the future to meet the global food demands in developed as well as in developing countries. Future cultivation programmes should focus on the cultivation of carrot for its phytochemicals to improve the health of impoverished people.

Participatory production of a new animal science text book `Livestock and wealth creation: improving the husbandry of animals kept by resource-poor people in developing countries’

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 27-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Owen ◽  
A.J. Kitalyi ◽  
M.C.N. Jayasuriya ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
J.I. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Resource Poor

This text book was conceived in January 2002, in Tanzania, during a DFID Livestock Production Programme (LPP) workshop. Perceived justifications for such a book were: (1) to improve the preparation of animal science students to address livestock issues faced by resource-poor subsistence farmers in developing countries; the majority of livestock text-books are either a) authored in the ‘north’ and based on temperate, large-scale, commercial systems or b) based on a single species and technology ‘fix’ approach, with insufficient focus on the systems under which livestock are kept by the resource-poor, or on improving livestock survival and productivity and understanding the contribution they make to livelihoods; (2) to address the UN Millennium Development Goal of halving the number of people living in absolute poverty by 2015 through `training teachers’ using appropriate information. Three quarters of poor people live in rural areas and keep livestock; (3) to respond to the large demand for meat and milk over the next 20 years foreseen by the burgeoning ‘Livestock Revolution’ and the consequent opportunities for resource-poor livestock keepers to move from subsistence to a market-oriented economy. The LPP agreed to commission the book provided that consultation with stakeholders confirmed a demand for it and that a broad electorate of stakeholders participated in the book’s design and production. Two editors (E. Owen and T Smith) were appointed to undertake the consultations and subsequent production of the book in collaboration with the Manager of LPP (J.I. Richards).

scholarly journals Probability weighting for losses and for gains among smallholder farmers in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan Verschoor ◽  
Ben D’Exelle
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Probability Weighting ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Probability Weighting Function ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractProbability weighting is a marked feature of decision-making under risk. For poor people in rural areas of developing countries, how probabilities are evaluated matters for livelihoods decisions, especially the probabilities associated with losses. Previous studies of risky choice among poor people in developing countries seldom consider losses and do not offer a refined tracking of the probability-weighting function (PWF). We investigate probability weighting among smallholder farmers in Uganda, separately for losses and for gains, using a method (common consequence ladders) that allows refined tracking of the PWF for a population with low levels of literacy. For losses, we find marked probability weighting near zero, which is in line with evidence found in Western labs. For gains, the absence of probability weighting is remarkable, particularly its absence near 100%. We also find marked differences in probability weighting for traditional farmers which are in line with the observed livelihoods strategies in the study area.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals in Daucus carota and their importance in nutrition – Review article

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ahmad ◽  
Maria Cawood ◽  
Asmat Batool ◽  
Rana Muhammad Sabir Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Awais Ghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Nutrition Review

Background. Carrot is a multi-nutritional food source. It is an important root vegetable, rich in natural bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties, such as antioxidants that have anti-carcinogenic properties. Aim. This review summarises the occurrences and biosynthesis of phytochemicals and factors affecting their concentration in carrot and their pharmacological functions related to human health. Method. 155 articles including original research papers, books, book chapters were downloaded and 94 articles (most relevant to the topic) were selected for writing the review article. The rejected research papers were too old or irrelevant. Results. Carrot contains important phytochemicals i.e. phenolic compounds, carotenoids, polyacetylenes and ascorbic acid which are bioactive compounds and recognised for their nutraceutical effects and health benefits. These chemicals aid in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plasma lipid modification and anti-tumour properties. This vegetable can be used to improve the health of poor people, especially in developing countries. Discussion. We recommend carrot to be promoted as a food security and food safety crop in the future to meet the global food demands in developed as well as in developing countries. Future cultivation programmes should focus on the cultivation of carrot for its phytochemicals to improve the health of impoverished people.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE BANKS IN RURAL AREAS OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Isabelle Musanganya ◽  
Chantal Nyinawumuntu ◽  
Pauline Nyirahagenimana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Many researchers consider microfinance as a tool for poverty reduction. Even more, especially in post-conflict African countries, micro-financial institutions are seen as an opportunity of reconciliation. Lending from microfinance institutions to that from traditional banks and examine their respective effects upon economic growth has been practiced in some sub-Saharan countries. Considerable progress in research has been found that microfinance loans raise growth comparatively to that of traditional banks. A lot of number of researches carried out in sub-Saharan countries even in other developing countries outside of Africa did not find strong evidence that bank loans raise growth. There is, however, some evidence that bank loans do increase investment, whereas microfinance loans do not appear to do so. Differently, other researchers highlighted clearly that microfinance can provide its contribution on poverty reduction and better access to finance needed for startup micro-entrepreneurs along the world. These results suggest that microfinance loans are not primarily invested as physical capital in developing countries, but could still augment total factor productivity, whereas banks may have been financing non-productive investments. Herein, we highlighted the impact of microfinance banks on developing countries economic growth. We also indicate how microfinances system incorporated in rural areas boosted the lifestyle of poor people in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Life in the Leopard Skin

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-165
Author(s):  
Alice Beban
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Land Title ◽  
Land Titling ◽  
One Year

This chapter follows the experiences of several hundred land title recipients one year after the leopard skin campaign. It considers the ways in which the recipients living in leopard skin landscapes within agribusiness concessions use and give meaning to land title. It also reveals how the production of subjectivities through land titling is explicitly racialized and gendered heteronormatively, which has deepened cleavages of class relations in rural areas. The chapter focuses on four key benefits that the land title was expected to provide according to the discourse on land titling from international agencies and the Cambodian Ministry of Land: tenure security, poverty reduction, women's empowerment, and plantation employment. It examines the trajectories of land claimants who had land surveyed versus those who did not have any land surveyed during the Order 01 land reform.

Studying the Birth Outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Areej Noaman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Healthy Baby ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Healthy Mother

  Background : A successful birth outcome is defined as the birth of a healthy baby to a healthy mother. While relatively low in industrialized world, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and neonatal deaths occur disproportionately in developing countries. Aim of the Study: To assess birth outcome and identify some risk factors affecting it for achieving favorable birth outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP KINERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Jabuddin ◽  
Ayub M Padangaran ◽  
Azhar Bafadal Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Expenditure

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the dynamics of fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, (2) Analyze the factors that influence fiscal policy and the performance                   of the agricultural sector, and (3) Analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector. The data used in this study were pooled 2005-2013 data in the aggregate. Econometric model the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector is built in the form of simultaneous equations, consisting of 7 equations with 25 total variables in the model, 7 endogenous variables, 12 exogenous variables, and 6 variables lag. The model is estimated by 2SLS method SYSLIN procedures and historical simulation with SIMNLIN procedure.The results showed that: (1) The development of fiscal policy in Southeast Sulawesi from year to year tends to increase, (2) The performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect of GDP has decreased, from the aspect of labor is still consistent, in terms of investment to grow positively, and assign roles which means to decrease the number of poor people, (3) factors affecting fiscal policy is local revenues, equalization funds, other revenues, as well as the lag fiscal policy, (4) the factors that affect the performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect GDP is labor, direct expenditure and GDP lag; from the aspect of labor is the total labor force, investment, land area, direct expenditure, as well as the lag of labor; from the aspect of investment is influenced by GDP per capita, land area, interest rates and investment lag; as well as from the aspect of poor people, are affected by population, investments, direct expenditure and poverty lag, (5). Fiscal policy impact on the agricultural sector GDP increase, a decrease in the number of poor, declining agricultural laborers, and a decrease in the amount of investment in the agricultural sector.Keywords: Fiscal policy, the performance of the agricultural sector, the simultaneous equations

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