scholarly journals EARLY DETECTION KANKER SERVIKS SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN DERAJAT HIDUP PEREMPUAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Evicenna Naftuchah Riani ◽  
Dewi Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Smear Testing

ABSTRAKKanker merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia. Pada tahun 2018 terdapat 18,1 juta kasus dengan angka kematian sebesar 9,6 juta. Di Indonesia kanker serviks menduduki peringkat kedua setelah kanker payudara yang diderita oleh perempuan dengan angka kejadian 23,4/100.000 penduduk dengan rata-rata kematian sebesar 13,9/100.000 penduduk. Menurut perkiraan Kementrian Kesehatan RI saat ini, jumlah perempuan penderita baru kanker serviks berkisar 90-100 kasus per 100.000 penduduk dan setiap tahun terjadi 40 ribu kasus kanker serviks. Jawa Tengah merupakan propinsi tertinggi kedua di Indonesia dengan angka kejadaian kanker serviks sebesar 19.734 kasus. Kabupaten Banyumas tiap tahun meningkat, tahun 2010 terdapat 196 kasus, tahun 2011 terdapat 243 kasus dan pada tahun 2012 terdapat 268 kasus. Pasien yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit rata-rata sudah memasuki stadium lanjut, hanya 18,5% yang masih tahap stadium 1. Tujuan dilakukan kegiatan ibm untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan early detection kanker serviks sebagai upaya peningkatan derajat hidup perempuan. Metode yang digunakan dengan ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab, demonstrasi iva dan pap smear serta evaluasi kegiatan. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan tentang tanda gejala kanker serviks dan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya pemeriksaan IVA dan papsmear sebagai upaya peningkatan derajat hidup perempuan. Kata kunci : early detection; kanker serviks; derajat hidup perempuan. ABSTRACTCancer is the biggest cause of death in the world. In 2018 there were 18.1 million cases with a mortality rate of 9.6 million. In Indonesia cervical cancer is ranked second after breast cancer suffered by women with an incidence of 23.4 / 100,000 population with an average death of 13.9 / 100,000 population. According to current estimates of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, the number of women with new cervical cancer ranges from 90-100 cases per 100,000 population and 40 thousand cases of cervical cancer occur annually. Central Java is the second highest province in Indonesia with a cervical cancer survival rate of 19,734 cases. Banyumas Regency has increased every year, in 2010 there were 196 cases, in 2011 there were 243 cases and in 2012 there were 268 cases. Patients treated at the hospital on average had entered an advanced stage, only 18.5% were still in stage 1. The aim was to carry out ibm activities to increase knowledge of early detection of cervical cancer as an effort to increase the degree of life of women. The method used by lectures, discussions, questions and answers, demonstrations iva and pap smears and evaluation of activities. There is an increase in knowledge about the symptoms of cervical cancer and an increase in public awareness of the importance of IVA and Pap smear testing in an effort to increase the degree of life of women. Keywords : early detection; cervical cancer; degree of life of women.

scholarly journals Onkogenesis, Morfologi, dan Modalitas Deteksi Dini Karsinoma Serviks

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Elsani P. L. Rapar ◽  
Maria K. Sambuaga ◽  
Meilany F. Durry
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
E6 And E7

Abstract: The incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in developing countries are relatively high compared to developed countries. The main risk factor for cervical cancer is high risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, such as types 16 and 18. Types of high-risk HPV expresses oncoproteins E6 and E7 which play an essential role in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma through inhibition of the activity of gene group expression products that play a role in suppressing tumor growth, such as p53 and pRB. This process will cause morphological changes in the squamous epithelium from precancerous lesions to cancer. The development of squamous epithelial cell cancer can be prevented through screening tests in order to detect cervical cancer early. This study was aimed to obtain the oncogenesis, morphology, and early detection modality of cervical carcinoma. This was a literature review study using three databases, as follows: ClinicalKey, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The results explained that p53 and pRB suppression by high-risk HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 played an important role in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma. The most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma. Screening tests such as visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), Pap smears and HPV DNA have an important role as modalities for early detection of malignancy. More specifically VIA and Pap smears are suitable for Indonesia which is a developing country, especially when implemented in peripheral areas.Keywords: oncogenesis; morphological changes; early detection; cervical carcinoma  Abstrak: Insidens dan mortalitas kanker serviks di negara berkembang relatif tinggi dibandingkan negara maju. Faktor risiko utama dari kanker serviks adalah infeksi human papilloma virus (HPV) risiko tinggi yaitu tipe 16 dan 18. HPV tipe risiko tinggi mengekspresikan onkoprotein E6 dan E7, yang berperan penting dalam patogenesis karsinoma serviks melalui inhibisi terhadap aktivitas produk-produk ekspresi kelompok gen yang berperan dalam menekan pertumbuhan tumor, seperti p53 dan pRB. Proses ini akan menyebabkan perubahan morfologik pada epitel skuamosa mulai dari lesi prakanker sampai kanker. Perkembangan kanker sel epitel skuamosa dapat dicegah melalui pemeriksaan skrining guna mendeteksi dini kanker serviks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui onkogenesis, morfologi, dan modalitas deteksi dini karsinoma serviks. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review menggunakan tiga basis data yaitu ClinicalKey, PubMed, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa penekanan p53 dan pRB oleh onkoprotein HPV risiko tinggi E6 dan E7 sangat berperan penting dalam patogenesis karsinoma serviks. Tipe histologik tersering ialah tipe karsinoma sel skuamosa. Pemeriksaan skrining seperti pemeriksaan inspeksi visual dengan asam asetat (IVA), Pap smear dan HPV DNA memiliki peran penting sebagai modalitas deteksi dini keganasan. Lebih khusus IVA dan Pap smear cocok untuk negara Indonesia yang merupakan negara berkembang, terutama bila diimplementasikan di daerah perifer.Kata kunci: onkogenesis; perubahan morfologik; deteksi dini; karsinoma serviks

scholarly journals Nurses’ Attitude About Pap Smear As An Early Screening Method For Cervical Cancer In The Private Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Belet Lydia Ingrit ◽  
Martina Elfrida Sinaga ◽  
Puji Astutik ◽  
Fransiska Ompusunggu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Nurses Attitude

The prevalence of cervical cancer in Indonesia is very high, which it is estimated that every day 40-45 new cases appear. The purpose of this study was to describe nurses’ attitude about pap smear as an early detection of cervical cancer in a hospital in western Indonesia. The research method was used descriptive quantitative with purposive sampling technique. The results of this study shows that most of the respondents have the positive attitude in performing pap smears in the Western Indonesia hospitals with the percentage of 97,5% and the rest indicate negative attitude. The conclusion of this study is that the positive attitude of nurses towards early detection of pap smears is expected to be maintained and furthermore the hospital continues to provide health facilities for female nurses to carry out early detection of cervical cancer as an annual program from hospital.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK WANITA USIA SUBUR DENGAN TINDAKAN PENCEGAHAN KANKER SERVIKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Supatmi Supatmi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

AbstractBackground:  The awareness of Indonesian women to carry out early detection of cervical cancer on a regular basis have been still low. Cervical cancer can be prevented and cured by taking early detection measures because it has a long preinfassive phase. Cervical cancer prevention measures are influenced by several factors including age, education level, occupation and parity, Aims:   analyze the characteristics of women of childbearing age with cervical cancer prevention measures (HPV, IVA and Pap smear immunization) Methods: Quantitative analytic research design with cross sectional approach. The population was 193 women of fertile age in RW 9 Kelurahan Kapasan Surabaya with n Cluster Samples, the sample was 130 WUS. The research instrument used a characteristic questionnaire and cervical cancer prevention measures with a Dichotomy Question. The research variables were WUS cataristic and cervical cancer prevention behavior. Analysis with Chi-Square with a significance level of 0.05Results:  There was a relationship between age and HPV immunization (p = 0.066) and pap smear (p = 0.058), IVA action had not relationship (p = 0.770), education was related to HPV immunization (p = 0.346). IVA (0.005) was not related to pap smears = 0.603) Occupation was related to HPV immunization (p = 0.280), IVA (p = 0.000) and pap smears (p = 0.216), parity was related to HPV immunization (p = 0.003) ) and Pap smear (p = 0.117) meanwhile parity had not relationship with IVA (p = 0.839). Studying the characteristics of WUS is a first step to increase preventive efforts for cervical cancer both primary and secondary prevention   Keyword:  Characteristics of WUS, Prevention, Cervical Cancer

Effects of a Videotape Intervention on Pap Smear Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian O'Brien ◽  
Christina Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Smear Testing

This study assessed the capacity of modelling videotapes to promote Pap smear screening. A total of 245 women watched videotapes modelling the process of Pap smear testing, and completed pre- and post-questionnaires which assessed knowledge and attitudes relating to Pap smears and cervical cancer. 186 also completed follow-up questionnaires five weeks later. Behavioural effects were strong. One third of those women identified as due for a Pap smear reported having had the test by follow-up. Initial levels of knowledge of Pap smears and of risk factors for cervical cancer were low, but increased significantly at post-test and follow-up. Health Belief Model variables, particularly perceived barriers, were associated with reported Pap smear behaviour, but a large proportion of the variance remained unexplained. The results suggest that modelling videotapes of this type, combined with appropriate encouragement and reassurance from medical practitioners, could significantly increase Pap smear rates and thus increase the detection and treatment of cervical cancer in its early stages.

Pathways to Early Detection of Cervical Cancer for a Multiethnic, Indigent, Emergency Department Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Engelstad ◽  
Katherine Bedeian ◽  
Kimberley Schorr ◽  
Susan Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Access To Primary Care

When access to primary care is limited, low-income women of all races and ethnicities seek care in public hospital emergency departments (EDs) in which preventive services are often unavailable. This project implemented and evaluated a cervical screening program in an inner-city ED. Clinicians were asked to offer Pap smears to women undergoing diagnostic pelvic examinations. Women with abnormal results were randomized to follow-up in one of two settings. Women with normal results received an intervention promoting annual rescreening. In 12 months, 1,523 Pap smears were performed on 1,442 women; 58% were African American; 21%, Hispanic; and 7%, Asian. Among these women, more than 22 languages were spoken, and 26% did not recall having a prior Pap smear. Preliminary findings suggest that cervical cancer screening can be incorporated into routine ED care, creating an important alternative pathway to early detection for a high-risk population.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing in the rural areas of Indonesia: a health belief model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumarmi Sumarmi ◽  
Yu-Yun Hsu ◽  
Ya-Min Cheng ◽  
Shu-Hsin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Smear Testing

Abstract Purposes This study aimed to understand the influence of health beliefs, demographic factors, and health characteristics on the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among women in rural areas of Indonesia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and 687 married women participated in the study. A convenience sampling was applied to recruit the participants from community health centres in a rural region in Indonesia. Self-reported data using the Health Beliefs Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test was collected to assess the health beliefs. Independent t-tests, simple logistic regressions, and a hierarchical logistic regression with 3 steps were run. Statistical significance for analysis was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the participants was 42 years (SD = 8.4). Among the participants, 81% of the women had never undergone a Pap smear test, and 61% (n = 422) of the women reported a high intention of receiving a Pap smear test. Income and education Health beliefs regarding Pap smear testing were different between women who had low and high intentions to undergo Pap smear testing. Health beliefs, such as perceived benefits, severity, barriers to Pap smear testing, and health motivation for a Pap smear test were associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among rural Indonesian women. Overall, the hierarchical multiple regression with 3 steps containing demographic, health characteristics, and health belief variables accounted for 31% variance of the intention to undergo Pap smear test among the Indonesian rural women. Conclusions Low screening rates of cervical cancer and high intentions to do the screening exist among rural Indonesian women. Health beliefs significantly affect the rural women’s intention of Pap smear testing in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Women's knowledge of cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear testing and the factors influencing it in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi A. Okunowo ◽  
Ebunoluwa S. Daramola ◽  
Adaiah P. Soibi-Harry ◽  
Francis C. Ezenwankwo ◽  
Jubril O. Kuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Women's Knowledge ◽  
Women’S Knowledge ◽  
Smear Testing

scholarly journals The Correlation between Characteristics, Knowledge and Motivation of Couples in Childbearing Age with the Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anggrita Sari ◽  
Ika Mardiatul Ulfa ◽  
Dewi Pusparani Sinambela
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Test

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that grows in the cervix and often attack women. In Indonesia cervical cancer is the number one killer of all cancers. So early detection is very important. The incidence of cancer from year to year has been increasing significantly. On the contrary, the coverage of pap smear test has been decreasing. The aims are to determine the correlation of characteristics (age, education, and employment), knowledge and motivation and early detection of cervical cancer in couples of childbearing age in patients of Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. This type of research is analytic survey with cross sectional. The population is all couples of childbearing age who visit in obstetrics policlinic in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. Sampling method was done by accidental sampling using a sample size of 30 people. Analysis using the spearman rank correlation test with 95% confidence value. Results find no correlation between age and early detection of cervical cancer (p=0,264>α=0,05), a correlation between education and early detection of cervical cancer (p=0,001<α=0,05), a correlation between employment with early detection of cervical cancer (p=0,003<α=0,05), no correlation between knowledge with the early detection of cervical cancer (p=0,425>α=0,05)), no correlation between motivation with the early detection of cervical cancer (p=0,264>α=0,05).

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