scholarly journals PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN PENYAKIT HIV/AIDS DARI IBU KE ANAK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 MENUJU THREE ZERO 2030 DI DESA TELAGAWARU LOMBOK BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Siti Mardiyah WD. ◽  
Catur Esty Pamungkas ◽  
Aulia Amini ◽  
Dwi Kartika Cahyaningtyas ◽  
Yuyun Gustiana
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Keywords Prevention ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRAKMengingat terjadinya peningkatan jumlah kejadian HIV/AIDS di Indonesia  setiap tahunnya terdapat 9000 hamil HIV positif yang melahirkan diIndonesia. Sehingga diperhitungkan jika tidak ada intervensi maka akan ada 3000 bayi yang dilahirkan dengan HIV positif setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya intervensi yang baik untuk menurunkan resiko penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak sebesar 25%-45%. Tujuan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerimaan wanita atau ibu-ibu didesa telagawaru terhadap pelaksanaan PPIA saat ANC serta mengetahui seberapa besar pengetahuan yang dimiliki ibu-ibu tersebut tentang HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini terdapat 3 tahapan yaitu pretest, pemberian materi dan video serta posttest. Berdasarkan hasil pretest didapatkan pengetahuan ibu dalam kategori cukup (45,4%), setelah pemberian materi, posttest didapatkan pengetahuan ibu meningkat dalam kategori baik (89%). Pengetahuan yang dimiliki peserta dalam pengabdian ini sama seperti yang telah dikemukakan didalam teori yaitu pengetahuan dimana seseorang menjadi tahu terhadap suatu objek seperti halnya ibu yang telah mendapatkan informasi terbaru mengenai pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak, sehingga peningkatan terhadap pengetahuanpun bertambah. Kata kunci: pencegahan HIV/AIDS; penularan HIV/AIDS; ibu hamil; janin. ABSTRACTDue to the increasing number of HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia, every year there are 9000 HIV positive pregnant women born in Indonesia. Therefore, it is considered that if there is no intervention then there will be 3000 babies born with HIV positive every year in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to have a good intervention to reduce HIV transmission from mother to child by 25%-45%. The purpose of this community service is to find out how the acceptance of women or mothers in the Telagawaru village towards the implementation of PPIA during ANC and to find out how much knowledge these mothers have about HIV/AIDS from mother to child. The method used in this service consists of 3 stages, namely pretest, giving materials and videos and posttest. Based on the results of the pretest, the mother's knowledge was in the sufficient category (45.4%), after giving the material, the posttest showed that the mother's knowledge increased in the good category (89%). The knowledge possessed by participants in this service is the same as what has been stated in theory, namely where a person's knowledge becomes aware of an object as well as mothers who have received the latest information about preventing HIV transmission from mother to child, so that the increase in knowledge increases. Keywords: prevention of HIV/AIDS; transmission of HIV/AIDS; pregnant women; fetus.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION (PMVCT) : LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Siti Waghisatul Astutik ◽  
Antono Suryoputro ◽  
Zahroh Shaluhiyah
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

AbstrakAIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) merupakan kumpulan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yang menular dan mematikan. Berdasarkan data Kementrian Kesehatan pada tahun 2015 jumlah anak usia ≤ 4 tahun yang terinfeksi HIV sebanyak 795, meningkat pada tahun 2016 menjadi 903. Pencegahan Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak dapat dilakukan melalui 4 (empat) prong/kegiatan, yaitu : 1) Pencegahan penularan HIV pada perempuan usia reproduksi, 2) Pencegahan kehamilan yang tidak direncanakan pada ibu HIV positif, 3) pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu hamil HIV positif ke bayi yang dikandung, dan 4) pemberian dukungan psikologis, sosial dan perawatan kepada ibu HIV positif beserta anak dan keluarganya. Pencegahan Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA) atau Prevention Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) merupakan program pemerintah untuk mencegah penularan virus HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi yang dikandungnya. Tujuan dari literature review ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsep, model atau teori yang efektif digunakan untuk mengeketahui gambaran indeks keluarga sehat di beberapa daerah Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dengan cara melakukan pencarian beberapa studi yang diterbitkan melalui database Google Scholar, Science direct, dan Scopus. Studi yang dipilih diterbitkan dari tahun 2017-2021. Setelah dilakukan pencarian artikel dengan kata kunci tersebut maka total artikel yang di review dalam tinjauan literatur ini sebanyak 5 (lima) artikel. Faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan PMTCT adalah kelengkapan data, kualitas SDM, gender, serta dukungan keluarga. Kata Kunci: Evaluasi, Implementsi, PMTCT AbstractAIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a collection of diseases caused by the infectious and deadly HIV Virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Based on data from the Ministry of Health in 2015 the number of children aged ≤ 4 years infected with HIV as many as 795, increased in 2016 to 903. Prevention of HIV transmission from Mother to Child can be done through 4 (four) activities, namely: 1) Prevention of HIV transmission in women of reproductive age, 2) Prevention of unplanned pregnancy in HIV-positive mothers, 3) prevention of HIV transmission from HIV-positive pregnant women to conceived babies, and 4) providing psychological, social and care support to HIV-positive mothers and their children and families. Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Child (PPIA) or Prevention Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) is a government program to prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS virus from mother to baby. The purpose of this literature review is to know the concept, model or theory that is effectively used to know the picture of healthy family index in some areas of Indonesia. The method is used by searching for several studies published through the Google Scholar, Science direct, and Scopus databases. Selected studies are published from 2017-2021. After searching for articles with these keywords, the total articles reviewed in this literature review as many as 5 (five) articles. Factors that affect the implementation of PMTCT are the completeness of data, the quality of human resources, gender, and family support.Keywords: Evaluation, Implementation, PMTCT 

scholarly journals Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission program in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Afsar Kazeroni ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽  
Mandana Tira ◽  
Maryam Sargolzaiie ◽  
Sana Eybpoosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Background The reproductive health and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programs in Iran were integrated as a pilot project in September 2014. This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the PMTCT of HIV program in Iran. Methods The pilot phase of PMTCT of HIV was launched in early September 2014 in selected centers including 170 health centers and 40 hospitals affiliated to medical universities of 16 provinces of Iran. In each medical university, a researcher-made checklist was administered to all newly-diagnosed HIV-positive pregnant women by an AIDS expert. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19. Results Overall, 69.4% of eligible pregnant women were enrolled in the pilot phase. From 134 reactive cases, 76 (56.7%) were confirmed as HIV positive. ARV consumption was irregular in 10 (13.2%) of HIV positive pregnant women. Also, 82.5% had CD4 count more than 350 after treatment, with an average of 55.5% increase in the number of CD4 in comparison to the baseline, and 84.8% had viral load suppression (< 200 copies/ml). Counseling and testing was done for the husbands of 75% of the women that resulted in the identification of 15 (39.5%) new HIV cases among husbands. Among the tested individuals, 23 (60.5%) males already knew their HIV status and were registered as HIV patients. HIV was diagnosed in one (1.5%) newborn. Conclusion Implementation of rapid HIV testing and PMTCT in Iran is one of the strengths of the national HIV control program. To eliminate MTCT, it is necessary to understand and overcome the barriers and challenges to the program in the pilot phase.

scholarly journals The Training of Health Cadre as an Effort to Prevent the Transmission of HIV/AIDS to Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Dame Evalina Simangunsong ◽  
Kandace Sianipar ◽  
Juliani Purba
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Counseling Practices ◽  
Hiv Aids

The degree of public health in a country can be reflected in the number of health cases resulting in maternal and infant mortality. The mortality rates can further increase with the cases of HIV transmission from mother to child. Therefore, to mitigate this issue, there should be a program that can provide basic health services. One such program was once conducted in the Center for Public Health through VCT services. However, this program did not manage to lower the case counts as expected. The presence of midwives in the health facilities is observed to be inadequate in attracting pregnant women to undergo ANC services. Furthermore, there are still cases of delay in the pregnant women’s first visit to the health service, rendering it too late to identify pregnant women with HIV. The Mitra Village Development Program (PPDM) in Dolok Hataran Village, Siantar District, Simalungun Regency, was then conducted and enhanced the health cadres’ knowledge about the measures taken to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission from pregnant women to their babies, also able to provide counseling practices. The method of activity is training of 24 health cadres of Batu Anam Health Center, Simalungun Regency, and counseling practices with pregnant women. This activity succeeded in increasing the knowledge of cadres and cadres able to conduct counseling practices.

scholarly journals Adherence to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy among Pregnant Women Enrolled in a HIV Prevention Program in Rural North-central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Cedrina L. Calder ◽  
Heather O ◽  
Mohammad Tabatabai ◽  
Celia J. Maxwell ◽  
Salisha Marryshow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
North Central ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Mother To Child

Objective: Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant women is essential to attaining the goal of eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission. The objective of this study was to determine which factors affect adherence to ART among HIV-positive women enrolled in a large prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) trial in rural north-central Nigeria. Methods: The parent study included 372 HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled in a cluster-randomized control trial conducted at 12 health facilities in Nigeria between 2013 and 2015. This secondary analysis included HIV-positive women (and their infants) from the original trial with documented adherence data (n=210, 56.5%). The primary outcome was maternal adherence to ART, determined by self-report and based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) of a validated medication adherence tool. Participants with a VAS score of ? 95% were classified as adherent. We employed multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the predictors of maternal ART adherence in the study sample. Results: Approximately 61.0% of study participants (128/210) were adherent to ART. The majority of adherent participants (62.5%, 80/128) were enrolled in the trial intervention arm. The most common cited response for non-adherence was fear of status disclosure. Adherence to ART was associated with study arm (intervention arm vs. control arm, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) [95% CI]: 16.95 [5.30-54.23]), maternal ethnicity (Gwari vs. Other, aOR = 0.13 [0.05-0.38]), and partner HIV status (HIV-positive vs. unknown, aOR = 3.14 [1.22-8.07]). Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Adherence to ART among a cohort of pregnant women enrolled in a PMTCT trial in rural North-Central Nigeria was associated with trial arm, maternal self- reported ethnicity, and partner

scholarly journals Gambaran Peran Apoteker sebagai Konselor dalam Pengobatan HIV-AIDS pada Ibu dan Anak

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Rini Sasanti Handayani ◽  
Yuyun Yuniar ◽  
Andi Leny Susyanty ◽  
Heny Lestary ◽  
Sugiharti Sugiharti
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

Ministry of Health estimates there are 9,000 pregnant women HIV positive who give birth every year in Indonesia. HIV-positive pregnant women must get Anti Retroviral treatment with a minimum level adherence to the use of anti-retroviral drugs of 90 - 95% drug to get a response to suppresing the virus by 85% . Physiological changes during pregnancy and breastfeeding can affects the drug kinetics in pregnant and lactating women. In children, non-compliance can be caused by saturation, limited drug preparation for children, side effects and other diseases that accompany it. In this article, we will analyze the extent to which pharmacists act as counselors for HIV-AIDS treatment for mothers and children. Data were taken from 2 qualitative studies, namely Implementation Study of Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) Program at HIV-AIDS Referral Hospital in West Java Province in 2014 and Study on Access of HIV-AIDS and Opportunistic Infection Treatment for Children in Ten Districts of Indonesia in 2015. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews with pharmacists and doctors who handled pregnant women and children with HIV-AIDS. Data were analyzed using triangulation and content analysis method. The results showed that pharmacists had not been involved as drug counselors and support from the management of the hospitals did not yet exist, so the pharmacist could not yet as a counselor as a form of pharmaceutical services according to standards set by the government Therefore, the role of pharmacist as counselor needs to be improved, because the success of the treatment is highly dependent on the successful collaboration of doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. In order for the pharmacists play a role, it is necessary to get training on HIV-AIDS treatment. In addition, the government needs to advocate for hospital management to facilitate the pharmacist’s counseling as form of counselor. Abstrak Kementerian Kesehatan memperkirakan terdapat 9.000 ibu hamil HIV positif yang melahirkan di Indonesia setiap tahun. Ibu hamil dengan HIV positif harus mendapatkan pengobatan anti retroviral dengan minimal tingkat kepatuhan penggunaan obat Anti Retroviral sebesar 90 - 95% untuk mendapatkan respon penekanan jumlah virus sebesar 85%. Perubahan fisiologi selama kehamilan dan menyusui dapat berpengaruh terhadap kinetika obat pada ibu hamil dan menyusui. Pada anak, ketidakpatuhan dapat disebabkan karena jenuh, sediaan obat untuk anak yang terbatas, efek samping, dan penyakit lain yang menyertai. Pada artikel ini dianalisis sejauh mana apoteker berperan sebagai konselor pengobatan HIVAIDS pada ibu dan anak. Data diambil dari dua penelitian kualitatif yaitu penelitian Studi Implementasi Layanan Pencegahan Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA) pada Rumah Sakit Rujukan HIV-AIDS di Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2014 dan Penelitian Akses Pengobatan HIV/AIDS dan Infeksi Oportunistik pada Anak di Sepuluh Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia Tahun 2015. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dengan apoteker dan dokter yang menangani ibu hamil dan anak dengan HIVAIDS. Analisis data dengan tri angulasi dan analisis konten. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa apoteker belum dilibatkan sebagai konselor obat dan dukungan dari pihak manajemen RS belum ada, sehingga apoteker belum dapat berperan sebagai konselor sebagai salah satu bentuk pelayanan kefarmasian sesuai standar yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah. Oleh karena itu peran apoteker sebagai konselor perlu ditingkatkan karena keberhasilan pengobatan sangat tergantung keberhasilan kolaborasi dokter, perawat,dan apoteker. Agar apoteker dapat lebih berperan maka perlu mendapatkan pelatihan tentang pengobatan HIV-AIDS. Selain itu pemerintah perlu melakukan advokasi kepada manajemen RS untuk memfasilitasi apoteker melakukan konseling sebagai bentuk konselor.

scholarly journals Economic costs of patients attending the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS (PMTCT) services in Ethiopia : urban-rural setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Elias Asfaw Zegeye ◽  
◽  
Josue Mbonigaba ◽  
Sylvia Blanche Kaye ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

Economic analyses of patients’ costs are pertinent to improve effective healthcare services including the prevention of mother-to-child HIV/AIDS transmission (PMTCT). This study assessed the direct and non-direct medical costs borne by pregnant women attending PMTCT services in urban (high-HIV prevalence) and rural (low-HIV prevalence) settings, in Ethiopia. Patient-level direct medical costs and direct non-medical data were collected from HIV-positive pregnant women in six regions. The cost estimation was classified as direct medical (service fee, drugs and laboratory) and direct non-medical (food, transportation and accommodation). The mean direct medical expense per patient per year was Ethiopian birr (ETB) 746 (US$ 38) in the urban settings, as compared to ETB 368 (US$ 19) in the rural settings. On average, a pregnant woman from urban and rural catchments incurred direct non-medical costs of ETB 6,435 (US$ 327) and ETB 2,154 (US$ 110) per year, respectively. On average, non-medical costs of friend/relative/guardian were ETB 2,595 (US$ 132) and ETB 2,919 (US$ 148.39) in the urban and rural settings, respectively. Although the PMTCT service is provided free of charge, HIV-positive pregnant women and infant pairs still face a substantial amount of out-of-pocket spending due to direct medical and non-medical costs.

scholarly journals Phosphazide (nikavir) is a highly effective drug for the treatment of HIV/AIDS infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Galegov
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
First Line ◽  
Hiv Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Federation Convincing evidence for high therapeutic activity and tolerability of Phosphazide in the treatment of HIV/AIDS-infection is given. Phosphazide is currently used in various regimens of highly active antiretroviral therapy, as well as in the HIV therapy in patients with simultaneously acquired chronic hepatitis C or tuberculosis. Therapeutic possibilities of Phosphazide were clearly manifested in the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child. There is every reason to use Phosphazide in first-line antiretroviral therapy.

scholarly journals Programme recommendations for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: A practical guide for managers

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

UNAIDS estimates that 800,000 children were infected with HIV in 2001, almost all through transmission of the virus from their mothers during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Of these, seven of each eight live in sub-Saharan Africa and most of the rest live in South and Southeast Asia. To combat mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT), in 1999 the UNAIDS Secretariat, UNFPA, UNICEF, and WHO launched the Inter Agency Task Team on Prevention of HIV Transmission in Pregnant Women, Mothers, and Their Children (IATT), which provides guidance for prevention of MTCT (PMTCT). In the view of the IATT, PMTCT is part of broader strategies to prevent the transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases, to care for HIV-positive women and their families, and to promote maternal-child health. The IATT has proposed a four-pronged approach for the prevention of HIV transmission to pregnant women, mothers, and their children, yet significant financial and technical challenges remain. To address these challenges, UNICEF has supported 11 pilot projects in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This HIV/AIDS working paper provides guidance for improving and scaling up PMTCT programs, based on what program managers and evaluators identify as successful strategies.

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