scholarly journals Agronomic Characteristics, Anthocyanin Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Anthocynins Extracted from the Seeds of Black Rice Accessions

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
Thuy Thi Phan ◽  
Trung Quoc Nguyen ◽  
Huong Thi Do
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ic50 Values

The objectives of this study were to investigate the morphological characteristics, grain yield, and anthocyanin content of 36 black rice accessions that were collected from different locations in Vietnam. The results showed that the black rice accessions varied in growth duration (130 to 150 days), plant height (91.5 to 143.6 cm), morphological characteristics, and yield components. Grain yield of the black rice accessions ranged from 2.8 to 8.7 tons ha-1. The black rice accessions were classified into four groups based on their anthocyanin content: group I > 0.1% anthocyanin, group II 0.05%-0.1%, group III 0.001%-0.05%, and group IV < 0.001%. BR7 had the highest anthocyanin content (0.1438%), followed by BR5 (0.1317%). Anthocyanins with the strongest antioxidant activities were extracted from BR8, BR35, BR6, BR27, BR30, BR32, BR18, BR17, BR19, and BR1 with IC50 values less than 2 µg mL-1. Seven promising black rice accessions, namely BR1, BR14, BR17, BR25, BR30, BR34, and BR35, were selected for further research based on their high anthocyanin contents, and good grain yield and yield components.

scholarly journals Keragaman dan Kekerabatan Genetik Koleksi Plasma Nutfah Teh Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Daun dan Komponen Hasil

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Vitria Puspitasari Rahadi ◽  
Heri Syahrian Khomaeni ◽  
Liberty Chaidir ◽  
Budi Martono
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

<p><em>Tea (</em>Camellia sinensis<em> (L.) O. Kuntze) is a cross-pollinated plant that has self-incompatible character. Assembly of superior clones through artificial pollination requires information of genetic relationships between accessions as a reference for parental lines selection. The study was aimed to determine the genetic diversity and relationships of 49 tea clones based on leaf morphology and yield components. The research was conducted at Pasir Sarongge experimental garden, Cianjur, West Java, from April to November 2015. The observed morphological characters were leaf length and width, leaf area, leaf angle, number of vein leaf, and internode between first and second leaves. Meanwhile, yield components were pecco number, pecco weight (p+3), banji bud number, banji bud weigth (b+1), and yield. The data were then used for descriptive analysis and grouping using UPGMA method based on dissimilarity matrix by XL-STAT software version 2009. The research showed that 49 clones observed here have variability on yield, leaf area, number of banji bud, and pecco number with coefficient of diversity 27.77%–51.83%. On the other hand, result of cluster analysis divided tea clones into four groups. The first group consisted of 34 clones with morphological characteristics similar to sinensis type (narrow leaves and low productivity). Group II comprised 12 clones with morphological characteristics (wide leaf) and productivity (high) similar to assamica type. Group III and IV, each contained one clone, and have similarity to assamica. The most far genetic relationships was found between group I and II (55.59%), while the closest one observed between group III and IV (5.76%).</em></p>

scholarly journals Clustering of 18 Local Black Rice Base on Total Anthocyanin

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Kristamtini Kristamtini ◽  
Endang Wisnu Wiranti
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content

Black rice has a high anthocyanin content in the pericarp layer, which provides a dark purple color. Anthocyanin<strong> </strong>serve as an antioxidant that control cholesterol level in the blood, prevent anemia, potentially improve the body's resistance to disease, improve damage to liver cells (hepatitis and chirrosis), prevent impaired kidney function, prevent cancer/tumors, slows down antiaging, and prevent atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Exploration results at AIAT Yogyakarta, Indonesia from 2011 to 2014 obtained 18 cultivar of local black rice Indonesia. The names of the rice are related to the color (black, red or purple) formed by anthocyanin deposits in the pericarp layer, seed coat or aleuron. The objective of the study was to classify several types of local black rice from explorations based on the total anthocyanin content. The study was conducted by clustering analyzing the total anthocyanin content of 18 local black rice cultivars in Indonesia. Cluster analysis of total anthocyanin content were done using SAS ver. 9.2. Clustering dendogram shows that there were 4 groups of black rice cultivars based on the total anthocyanin content. Group I consists of Melik black rice, Patalan black rice, Yunianto black rice, Muharjo black rice, Ngatijo black rice, short life of Tugiyo black rice, Andel hitam 1, Jlitheng, and Sragen black rice. Group II consists of Pari ireng, Magelang black hairy rice, Banjarnegara-Wonosobo black rice, and Banjarnegara black rice. Group III consists of NTT black rice, Magelang non hairy black rice, Sembada hitam, and longevity Tugiyo black rice. Group IV consist only one type of black rice namely Cempo ireng. The grouping result indicate the existence of duplicate names among the black rice namely Patalan with Yunianto black rice, and short life Tugiyo with Andel hitam 1 black rice.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Potential of Biogenic Functionalized Polymeric Nutmeg Oil/Polyurethane/ZnO Bionanocomposite

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Musarat Amina ◽  
Nawal M. Al Musayeib ◽  
Nawal A. Alarfaj ◽  
Maha F. El-Tohamy ◽  
Gadah A. Al-Hamoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential ◽  
Free Radicals Scavenging

The current study is focused on the biosynthesis of nutmeg oil/ polyurethane/ZnONPs bionanocomposite film for immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. The fabricated film was prepared by using naturally extracted nutmeg oil functionalized with ZnONPs in the presence of polyutherane (PU) medium. The bionanocomposite film was obtained by incorporating dropwise 10 % (w/v) of nutmeg oil to the PU solution/ZnONPs blend. The active constituents of nutmeg oil were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The morphological characteristics of the resulting bionanocomposite film were confirmed using various microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Immunomodulatory potential of bionanocomposite was evaluated for RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results exhibited an excellent reduction in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) secretions after the treatment with bionanocomposite. The bionanocomposite exerted the highest inhibitory effects on certain cell signaling constituents that influence the initiation of expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The bionanocomposite was also tested for DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays and showed excellent antioxidant potential with IC50 values (0.28 ± 0.22 and 0.49 ± 0.36), respectively. The outcomes suggested promising immunomodulatory and antioxidant potentials for the biogenic synthesized nutmeg oil/PU/ZnONPs polymeric bionanocomposite.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Promising Rice Genotypes for Broadcast Aus Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
B Karmakar ◽  
MAA Mamun ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Rice cultivation in Aus season is eco-friendly and essential for sustainable food security of Bangladesh utilizing rain water rather than extracting underground water. Four rice genotypes (BR6855-3B-12, BR6855-3B-13, BR6848-3B-12 and BR6976-2B-11-1) along with check variety BRRI dhan43 were evaluated at farmers’ field during broadcast Aus season. The objectives were to investigate the adaptability of the rice genotypes and find out promising genotype(s) for Broadcast Aus rice. The experiment was conducted at farmers’ field in eight agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh. Randomized complete block design (RCB) was used with three replications. Standard and uniform management practices were followed for all the locations. Data were taken on grain yield, days to 80% maturity, plant height, panicles m-2, 1000-grain weight, grains panicle-1, spikelet sterility (%), Phenotypic acceptance at vegetative and maturity stage, pest incidence; feedback of farmers and extension personnel. Genotypes, environments and interaction of genotypes by environments had significant effect on grain yield, yield components and agronomic parameters. Analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between the check (control) and improved genotypes except the genotype BR6976-2B-11-1 which was similar with the check BRRI dhan43 for all parameters. Correlation analysis was also performed to establish extent of association between yield and major yield components. Grain yield positively and significantly correlated with the agronomic parameters except spikelet sterility. Across the locations, BR6848-3B-12 produced significantly the highest grain yield (4.88 t ha-1) at Feni while the lowest grain yield (1.58 t ha-1) was obtained in BR6976-2B-11-1 followed by BRRI dhan43 (1.64 t ha-1) at Kushtia. BR6848-3B-12 showed yield advantage of 1.0 t ha-1 over the check variety BRRI dhan43 with similar growth duration (104 day). AMMI stability value, yield stability index and GGE Bi-plot model indicated that BR6855-3B-12 is the most adaptable, suitable and stable genotype for broadcast Aus rice across the locations, and finally it is released in 2017 as BRRI dhan83 for broadcast Aus season. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 35-48

scholarly journals Yield performance of several promising lines of black rice as affected by application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer and additive intercropping with soybean under aerobic irrigation system on raised-beds

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
W Wangiyana ◽  
N Farida ◽  
I G P M Aryana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Abstract Mycorrhiza-biofertilizer and legume intercropping were reported to increase yield and anthocyanin content of red-rice. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mycorrhiza-biofertilizer and soybean-intercropping in additive series on yield of black-rice of different genotypes in irrigated aerobic-systems on raised-beds. The experiment, conducted on farmer’s ricefield from April to August 2021, was designed using SSP design, with black-rice genotypes (G3, G9, G4/15) as main plots; intercropping (T0=monocrop; T1=intercropping) as subplots, and mycorrhiza-biofertilizer (without and with mycorrhiza) as the sub-subplots. The results indicated that mycorrhiza-biofertilizer showed the most significant effects in increasing yield of back-rice followed by soybean-intercropping and genotypes. However, the significant interaction effects especially between mycorrhiza-biofertilizer and genotypes (M*G) indicated that G3 was not responsive but both G9 and G4/15 were highly responsive to application of mycorrhiza-biofertilizer with the highest grain yield (56.79 g/clump or 10.54 t/ha) was on G4/15 with biofertilizer and the lowest (27.48 g/clump or 5.5 t/ha) was on G9 without biofertilizer. Mycorrhiza-biofertilizer was also resulted in higher increase in grain yield under soybean-intercropping (31.9%) compared with under monocropped black-rice (15.5%).

scholarly journals TOTAL ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF PIGMENTED BLACK RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L. JAPONICA) SUBJECTED TO SOAKING AND BOILING

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorlaila, A., ◽  
Nur Suhadah, N., ◽  
Noriham, A., ◽  
Nor Hasanah, H.
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Carotene Degradation

Pigmented rice contains high value of anthocyanin and antioxidant activity. However, the different process for black rice might affect the concentration of these phytochemicals. Therefore, the present study focused on the effect of soaking and cooking on the total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of pigmented black rice. The raw black rice was subjected to two treatments. First, black rice was soaked for 3 hours. Second, black rice was soaked and cooked for 15, 25 and 35 minutes. The study revealed that the second treatment (soaking and cooking) caused a significant (p<0.05) decreased in antioxidant activities and total anthocyanin content as compared to soaking. Highest losses in total anthocyanin and antioxidant activity in cooked black rice were as follows: 35 minutes > 25 min >15 min cooking. β- Carotene degradation rate was also highest in 35 minutes cooked black rice.

Morphological characteristics of wheat associated with high productivity

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Major ◽  
H. H. Janzen ◽  
R. S. Sadasivaiah ◽  
J. M. Carefoot
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars including soft white spring, hard red spring, Canada Prairie Spring (CPS) and durum types were grown on rain-fed and irrigated land from 1987 to 1990 at Lethbridge, AB, to assess the relationship between yield components and radiation-use efficiency. Canopy reflectance measurements were used to estimate seasonal absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). At maturity, yield components including tillers per plant, heads per plant, kernels per head and kernel weight were determined. Whole-plant phytomass and grain yield were also determined. Harvest index was determined from the ratio of grain yield to whole-plant (excluding roots) phytomass and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) was calculated from the ratio of whole-plant phytomass to APAR. Significant grain yield differences confirmed that soft white and CPS wheats yielded more and responded more to irrigation than hard red or durum wheats. The yield components that were consistently different among cultivars were kernels per head and kernel weight which would be expected to increase if a consistent supply of assimilate was available during grain filling. Soft white and CPS wheats had higher harvest indices than the hard red or durum wheats, particularly under irrigation. Whole-plant phytomass was closely related to APAR and there were few differences among cultivars for RUE. There was no difference in RUE between rain-fed and irrigated treatments, indicating that there was probably no crop water stress on the rain-fed plots. RUE estimates for 1988 were lower than for the succeeding years, indicating an environmental or edaphic stress in that year.Key words: Remote sensing, radiation-use efficiency, yield components

scholarly journals Effect Of Chitosan Application On The Performance Of Lentil Genotypes Under Rainfed Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Hamid Mostafavi ◽  
Hamid Kazemi ◽  
Gholam-Reza Mahdavinia ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Different Origins

Abstract In the current study, influences of chitosan solutions on morphological characteristics, growth and yield components of lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) under rainfed conditions have been investigated. A field experiment was conducted in the Northwest of Iran using a split-plot experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The response of twelve genotypes with different origins to chitosan application at the sowing (seed soaking), vegetative and reproductive stage (spraying chitosan onto leaves) was evaluated. Results revealed that chitosan application could significantly improve the number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, grain yield per plant and harvest index in comparison to control plants. The comparison of yield components between chitosan treatments showed that spraying chitosan during the reproductive stage was more efficient than in other stages. However, the responses of the number of pods per plants and grain yield per plants to chitosan treatments were significantly different among the genotypes. Although the highest grain yield was recorded in the 78S 26013 genotype (from Jordan), its response to chitosan treatments was different from the other genotypes and showed the best performance in plants obtained from seed soaked in chitosan solutions. We suggest that the application of chitosan as an agronomic management strategy be further investigated for an efficient technique to induce resistance in lentil plants against biotic and drought stress in semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Investigation on the relationship between population synthesis of the honeybee stocks reared in Crete and their resistance to the tracheal mite Acarapis woodi, Rennie

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
B. LIAKOS (Β. ΛΙΑΚΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Acarapis Woodi ◽  
Apis Mellifera Ligustica ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Tracheal Mite ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bee Colonies

The population synthesis of honey bee breeds reared in Crete by crossbreeding among the native race Apis mellifera adami, Ruttner, the Macedonian bee Apis mellifera macedonica, Ruttner, and the Italian bee Apis mellifera ligustica, Spinal, was determinated. The probable relationship between population synthesis and resistance to tracheal mite Acarapis woodi, Rennie, of these breeds was also investigated. Samples of 50 bees were taken from 45 colonies of an apiary, infested with acarine disease, in which the bees showed a great diversity in their morphological characteristics and were examined as regards: a) the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the sampled bees, and b) the number of infested colonies, the prevalence, the unilateral or bilateral infection and the parasite intensity of thoracic tracheas, from every sample infested by Acarapis woodi. After examination the colonies were classified in four groups, according to morphological and morphometric characteristics that hade the majority of the bees in each sample: Group I, hybrids of Apis mellifera macedonica, group II, hybrids of Apis mellifera ligustica, group III, hybrids of "bright yellow" type of Apis mellifera ligustica, and group IV, diversiform hybrids. From the tracheas examinations it was detected that: the population synthesis affects the resistance of bee colonies. Bee colonies of group I showed the highest resistance. On the contrary, those of group III showed the lowest. Bee colonies of the two other groups showed relatively high resistance but less high than that of A. m. macedonica.

EFFECT OF VARYING DEGREE OF SOIL MANIPULATION ON YIELD OF UPLAND PADDY (ORYZA SATIVA) AND ON ASSOCIATED WEEDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Pande ◽  
V. M. Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Moldboard Plow

Eight levels of soil manipulations broadly classified in three groups (I) dibbling, (II) plow-planting, and (III) plowing, harrowing, and planting were tried on lateritic sandy clay loam soil of West Bengal (India) over a 2-year period, 1961–62, to ascertain the minimum level of tillage required for upland paddy, without sacrificing the yield.Plowing, harrowing, and planting of the soil (group III) significantly increased the grain yield and number of fertile tillers per meter row over the treatments of dibbling (group I) and plow-planting (group II). The latter treatments did not effectively reduce weed infestation, while the former brought about somewhat better control and the crop attained better growth, comparatively weed-free. The growth factors, height, leaf area, and dry matter, were directly related to grain yield with high correlation coefficients. Among the three treatments of group III, the treatment of one plowing with moldboard plow, one harrowing with disk harrow, and planting, gave yields very close to the conventional tillage, i.e. plowing four times with country plow, harrowing, and planting. Hence, the former is considered to be the minimum requirement of soil manipulation for this crop.

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