scholarly journals Razvoj biskupske i prezbiterske službe u prvim stoljećima Crkve

Diacovensia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 255.-275.
Author(s):  
Drago Tukara
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
Personal Reflections ◽  
The Church

The article implicitly addresses the Church as an institution and organization, while it directly and more explicitly presents those that make a part of Church hierarchy, bishops and presbyteries. To better present and understand the existence and mission of bishops and presbyters, it was necessary, at least briefly, to highlight the very nature of the Church. The author divides the article in three chapters. In the first chapter, he represents the Church that has had its roots in the Old Testament and found its fullness and foundations in the Person of Jesus Christ. She has been present in God’s plan since the Old Testament times when the prophets announced her in images. In the second chapter, the author discusses the office of bishops in the early Church. This part addresses what the Church Fathers said about bishops, and their role and place within the early Church, and how particular councils and synods have defined them. The author brings the Church Fathers’ personal reflections and understanding of the office of bishop as well as certain canons that have emerged as the fruit of bishop’s collegiality and unity. The third chapter talks about presbyters. The author first presents the role of presbyter in the early Church, and then indicates the developmental path from terminology itself to the area of action at particular times in the life of the Church. The presbyter is put in a co-relationship with the bishop, he is dependent on him, but in time, due to new circumstances, he has gained a certain autonomy within the community. The author also emphasizes the importance of formation and education of church officials in areas of theology and morals.

The Vocabulary of the Septuagint and the Church Fathers

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Gilles Dorival
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Doctrine Of The Trinity ◽  
Ex Nihilo ◽  
Hapax Legomenon ◽  
Creation Of Matter ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Trinity

The role of the Septuagint in the building of the Christian identity during the first Christian centuries is more important than it is generally said. The word ‘testament’ or ‘covenant’, for example, comes from the Septuagint, via the New Testament. The Greek and Latin liturgies are filled with references to the Septuagint. The same is true in the case of the Christian spirituality: for instance, the concept of the Christian life as a migration comes from the Septuagint. The Christian hermeneutics is indebted to the Greek Bible: even if knowledge of the allegorical method comes from the Greek philosophers (and Philo), support could be found for it in the verses of the Greek Bible. Finally, the theological vocabulary of the Christians was founded upon the Greek Bible. For instance, in the case of the doctrine of the Trinity, the word ‘person’ comes from the Septuagint. Furthermore, some passages of the Greek translation gave rise to theological interpretations which are not possible on the grounds of the Hebrew text. In Gen 1:2, the Septuagint reads ‘the earth was invisible and unorganized’ and this came to be quoted both in support of the creation of matter ex nihilo. In Exod 17:16, where the Hebrew has a difficult hapax legomenon, the Greek speaks about the ‘hidden hand’ with which the Lord makes war against Amalek; this ‘hidden hand’ played a role in the Christian doctrine of the Logos, which is hidden in the Old Testament.

Septuagintas betydning som en hellenistisk udgave af Det Gamle Testamente

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
Mogens Müller
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Hebrew Text ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Greek Version ◽  
History Of ◽  
Old Greek ◽  
The Church

The understanding of the role of the old Greek translation of the Old Testament, the Septuagint, has undergone great changes in the last decennia. From looking upon the Hebrew text as the original and the Greek text as only a translation, it has now been common to view the Greek version as a chapter in a reception history of biblical traditions. By being used by New Testament authors and in the Early Church the Septuagint gained canonical status – alongside the Hebrew Bible. Thus the Old Testament of the Church in reality consists of both versions. The article argues for this also pointing to some of the theological consequences of viewing the connection between the two parts of the Christian Bible from the perspective of reception history.

scholarly journals Our Common Breath: ‘Conspiration’ from the Stoics to the Church Fathers

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Phillip Sidney Horky
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
The Church

AbstractThis essay tracks a brief history of the concept of ‘co-breathing’ or ‘conspiration’ (συμπνοία), from its initial conception in Stoic cosmology in the third century BCE to its appropriation in Christian thought at the end of the second century CE. This study focuses on two related strands: first, how the term gets associated anachronistically with two paradigmatic philosopher-physicians, Hippocrates and Pythagoras, by intellectuals in the Early Roman Empire; and second, how the same term provides the early Church Fathers with a means to synthesize and explain discrete notions of ‘breath’ (πνεῦμα) through a repurposing of the pagan concept. Sources discussed include figures associated with Stoic, Pythagorean, and early Christian cosmologies.

scholarly journals “Ne riday Mene, Mati” (“Do not mourn Me, Mother”): poetics, liturgics, hymnography

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 26-51
Author(s):  
Olena Sadovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holy Saturday ◽  
Death Of Jesus ◽  
Logical Principle ◽  
The Church

Introduction. The meaning of the Holy Saturday is a transition from Passion week to the Easter, from the greatest grief to jubilation, from death to life. It focuses different ontological extremities in a single point: death of the Immortal and resurrection of mortal body. This engenders maximal concentration of liturgical events, exceptional saturation of the services, revealing ample hymnographic material, diversity of stylistics, ways of incarnating of different senses, approaches to the events happening. One of the most interesting chants of the Passion Cycle is “Ne riday Mene, Mati” (“Do not mourn Me, Mother”), with its wonderful poetics, profound images and lapidary structure. Vividness and theological deepness of this chant provide inexhaustible material for research. Theoretical Background. In modern theological literature “Ne riday Mene, Mati” is mention in the context of special traits of the Holy Saturday services (I. Karabinova (1910), A. Kashkin (2010), M. Krasovitskaya (2014), G. Shimanskiy (2002) etc. It was characterised in more details in the researches on the Byzantine singers, among them the most important are works by archbishop Filaret (Gumilevskiy) and nun Ignatia (Puzik). Describing the personality and works of St. Kosma Mayumski, archbishop Filaret notes concentration of his style. Nun Ignatia studies images of this author’s works, their foundation in creed, links with dogmas of the Church; stresses features of poetics as well as dissects canons for Epiphany and Christmas. She pays special attention to the canons dedicated to Holy Mother, and she mentions “Ne riday Mene, Mati” as one of the most touching work by St. Kosma. Unfortunately, detailed analysis doesn’t follow this statement, that makes given paper relevant. Objective of this article is to study location of chant “Ne riday Mene, Mati” in service, specifics of its content, influence on later hymnography and iconography. Methods. Given that this research addresses theology, corresponding terminological system has been used, including special concepts as well as Church Slavonic words and expressions. Results. “Ne riday Mene, Mati” is an irmos of the ninth chant of the canon sung at the morning service on the Holy Saturday and devoted to suffering and death of Jesus Christ, interpreted as a culmination of the salvation of humanity. It has a distinctive feature of personal appeal of the Son to the Mother, answering her grief and closing a dialogical form in a spacetime of the whole service and Passion week, defining specifics of the poetics of its services. Several levels of content can be defined in a chant: 1) personal, describing relations between the Mother and the Son; 2) soteriological, revealing Lord’s plan of the salvation of humanity; 3) dogmatic, presenting dogmas of Christ and Holy Mother; 4) celebratory, establishing praise of the Mother of God. The structure of the irmos is defined by a triad thesis – antithesis – synthesis. Thesis is imperative expression (addressing “Ne riday Mene, Mati”), antithesis is justification of this reaction (“zrjashhi vo grobe, Ego zhe rodila esi Syna”). Not only does the synthesis resolve appearing contradiction, but also transfers the relations between the Son and the Mother into sphere of God-man relations. In this context the initial imperative can be understood as a demand for silence and tranquillity of soul, for absolute concentration in the situation of the contact with Godly essence. The same demand is situated in one of the crucial moments of liturgy of the Holy Saturday, in the time of The Great Entrance: “Da molchit vsjakaja plot chelovecha”. For the second time “Ne riday Mene, Mati” is sung in the final part of Eucharistic canon of the liturgy. In this context it brings out completely different facet, reincarnation of the God in a human through Resurrection. Thus, due to changes of context and place in the service, “Ne riday Mene, Mati” undergoes modulation of meaning. For the third and last time, “Ne riday…” appears in the Eastern Midnight office, that is a threshold between the Holy Saturday and The Easter, accompanying appearance of the shroud with the image of Jesus Christ. Thus, “Ne riday…” ends all the Passion cycle of the service. The profoundness of the images and dogmas as well as structure exceptionality of “Ne riday Mene, Mati” is reflected in later hymnography. Irmoses of the canons sung on Eves of Epiphany and Christmas are constituted in a way, similar to irmoses of the Holy Saturday. They preserve images, poetic devices, genre traits (irmos of the canon), glas (voice), usage of acrostic, thesis – antithesis – synthesis principle of composition. Besides for hymnography, “Ne riday Mene, Mati” influenced iconography of the stated image. All the most vital aspects of it have found their incarnation in iconography: Birth from the Virgin (iconography “Eleusa”), Crucifixion (the Cross, pierced rib), death and burial (crossed hands, closed eyes of Christ, stone tomb), Resurrection, appeal to the Mother (leaning of the Saviour’s head) as a sign of a dialogue; and every aspect from the abovementioned is a separate edge of multidimensional meaning of the Holy Saturday. Conclusions. Through analysis specifics of content and composition of “Ne riday Mene, Mati” is revealed. Dialogue is defined as a crucial principle, causing peculiar poetics of this chant and all the services of the Holy Saturday. Role of silence as one of the factors of the reception of the content is stated. Logical principle of structure thesis – antithesis – synthesis is brought out. Connections are drawn between this chant and its “podobnas” in texts of Menaion and Octoechos. Perspective of the further research lies in studying of dialogue in service of the Holy Saturday on micro- and macrolevels. Specifics of influence of chants on the iconography seems to be worthy of attention.

scholarly journals CONCEPT OF PRACTICES OF JEWISH AND EARLY CHRISTIAN MEDICINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Sick People ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Church

The article examines the theological and philosophical origins of Jewish and early Christian medicine. We have shown that the basis of the medical practice of the ancient Jews and early Christians were the books of the Old Testament. The principles of nutrition, sanitation and hygiene have been considered in detail in the context of the topic. We also have analyzed the rules of care for sick people and the means used by the Jewish people in the treatment of infectious diseases. It has been shown that in order to prevent the spread of an infectious disease, Jews isolated an infected person from close contact with other people, thus avoiding the spread of various diseases and epidemics. Some Jewish works of the post-biblical period contain a description of the development of philosophy and ethics in medicine; the main ones are the Midrash, the Mishnah and the Talmud. In the article we also have analyzed conceptual medical foundations set forth in the Pentateuch of the Moses and the Talmud. It has been shown that the main attention of Jewish treatment practitioners was focused on disease prevention, as they attached great importance to the principles of ritual purity, which in turn was directly related to public hygiene. We also have studied a number of works of the early church fathers, who initiated the practice of caring for the physically ill. As a result, it was found that in the writings of the church fathers there are many mentions of surgery and treatment of mental illness.

Creating Utopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-216
Author(s):  
Elisa Eastwood Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mormon Church ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Church

This chapter follows the history of Bautista’s polygamous utopia, Colonia Industrial/Nueva Jerusalén, from the purchase of property in 1942 to Bautista’s death in 1961. The chapter argues that after his excommunication from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon Church) and his expulsion from the Third Convention in 1937, Bautista’s vision of Mexican chosen-ness accompanied by the responsibility he felt to prepare Mexicans for their millennial duties, catapulted him into the role of a utopian founder. The colony’s establishment involved backbreaking labor and years of austere living. Bautista enforced rules to regulate communalism and to govern the acquisition and behavior of wives, often very young girls. The chapter includes a discussion of Bautista’s theological pillars: polygamy, communalism, and indigenous priesthood. He continued to send missionaries from his colony to proselytize, and he continued to publish tracts and pamphlets he authored until two years before his death in 1961.

Transisi Kepemimpinan Dalam Alkitab

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-38
Author(s):  
Jonathan Octavianus
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
People Of God ◽  
The Absolute

As every epoch there are there a transition time, on Old Testament like Moses with Joshua, Joshua selected by God an supported fully by Moses, Conversely Moses have liberally to be changed. Like Elijah to Elisha too.Pattern on New Testament there are an examples of transition time too, like Jesus Christ to His Disciples, an transition from Paul to his successor Timothy. This is a heart and soul a big leader, and shall all leadership owners shepherd in church, Christian institution, etc.Which most be remembered in transition of leadership, that people of God leadership, about who will lead, who continue leadership, like a principle in biblical, hence a role of God, is determinant an anoint man which be selected the absolute God choice and constitute all other, but a succession router leader is which have been selected His own. An can be anointed in front of believers.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Mason
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Communal Experience ◽  
In Christ ◽  
The Church ◽  
Francis Of Assisi

This chapter locates Rossetti in the context of the book’s ecotheological argument, which traces an ecological love command in her writing through her engagement with Tractarianism, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, the Church Fathers, and Francis of Assisi. It establishes her Anglo-Catholic imagining of the cosmos as a fabric of participation and communal experience embodied in Christ. The first section reads Rossetti in the context of current Victorian ecocriticism, which underplays the role of Christianity in the development of nineteenth-century environmentalism. The next sections question critical readings of Rossetti as a reclusive thinker and argue instead for an educated and politicized Christian for whom indifference to the spiritual is complicit with an environmental crisis in which the weak and vulnerable suffer most. This introduction also refers to the wider field of Rossetti studies and introduces her reading of grace and apocalypse as a major contribution to the intradiscipline of Christianity and ecology.

Lamennais

1947 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Gurian
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Early Church ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Papal Infallibility ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The history of the Catholic Church includes men who, after brilliant services to the Church, died outside her fold. Best known among them is Tertullian, the apologetic writer of the Early Church; less known is Ochino, the third vicar-general of the Capuchins, whose flight to Calvin's Geneva almost destroyed his order. In the nineteenth century there were two famous representatives of this group. Johann von Doellinger refused, when more than seventy years old, to accept the decision of the Vatican Council about papal infallibility. He passed away in 1890 unreconciled, though he had been distinguished for years as the outstanding German Catholic theologian. Félicité de la Mennais was celebrated as the new Pascal and Bossuet of his time before he became the modern Tertullian by breaking with the Church because Pope Gregory XVI rejected his views on the relations between the Church and die world. As he lay deathly ill, his niece, “Madame de Kertanguy asked him: ‘Féli, do you want a priest? Surely, you want a priest?’ Lamennais answered: ‘No.’ The niece repeated: ‘I beg of you.’ But he said with a stronger voice: ‘No, no, no.

Manichaeism and Gnosticism in the Papyri

2011 ◽  
pp. 622-643
Author(s):  
Cornelia Römer
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The People ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

The church fathers were appalled in particular by the Gnostics' condemnation of creation. But the fact that much of their teaching was in many respects not so far from Christian dogma must have disturbed the advocates of the “real” Christian church. In some of these Gnostic systems, Christ was the main savior figure; in others, it was the forefathers of the Old Testament who guaranteed salvation; in Manichaeism, it was the new Messenger of Light, the apostle Mani, who, coming after Christ, would finally give the right revelation to the people and excel Christ in doing so. This article deals with religious groups such as these as they existed in Egypt in the Roman and late antique periods. Papyrology has played a decisive role in our understanding of the religious movements of the first centuries ce in Egypt and elsewhere in the Mediterranean.

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