Yield and quality of green mass of winter crops, depending on the mowing time

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Winter Crops

Green mass productivity and quality of winter crops as affected by cutting time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т. Горянина
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
Almost All

Исследования проводились на полях Самарского НИИСХ, расположенных в чернозёмной степи Самарского Заволжья, с использованием сортов и линий местной селекции. В 19962005 годах в опытах изучались пять сортов озимой ржи, два сорта озимой мягкой пшеницы, четыре сорта и четыре линии тритикале. В 20162018 годах в опытах изучались два сорта озимой ржи, два сорта озимой мягкой пшеницы, четыре сорта и три линии тритикале. Цель исследований установить урожайность и качество зелёной массы тритикале в сравнении с традиционными культурами. Исходя из поставленной цели, в задачи исследований входило изучить продуктивность и качество зелёной массы тритикале, ржи и пшеницы в зависимости от сроков скашивания. Для сравнения кормовой ценности озимых культур в лаборатории технологоаналитического сервиса был проведён анализ химического состава зелёной массы растений по фазам развития. Питательность кормов характеризовалась следующими показателями: содержанием протеина, сахара, клетчатки, жира, БЭВ, каротина, кормовых единиц, а также переваримостью. За годы исследований в фазу кущения трубкования урожайность зелёной массы тритикале составила 16,85 т/га, при этом протеина в массе содержалось 18,10, сахара 14,32, клетчатки 28,90. Озимая рожь в эту фазу формирует большую урожайность зелёной массы (23,70 т/га), но качество её хуже: содержание протеина 17,70, сахара 9,94, клетчатки 29,70. Пшеница в эту фазу развития формирует меньшую урожайность (10,38 т/га), но содержит больше протеина (19,20) и меньше клетчатки (27,36). Количество протеина резко уменьшается в фазу молочновосковой спелости: на 41,4 у тритикале, на 51,4 у пшеницы и на 49,6 у ржи. Содержание сахара (11,8814,32) и жира (2,312,7) в зелёной массе тритикале остаётся практически неизменным во все изученные фазы развития. В среднем за годы исследований в тритикале содержалось 2,312,70 жира, 5,006,50 золы, 10,6018,10 протеина, 11,8814,32 сахара. По сравнению с озимой пшеницей и озимой рожью у тритикале в зелёной массе больше жира, сахара, каротина. The research was aimed to test green mass yield and quality of triticale in comparison to some conventional crops (winter rye and wheat) under different cutting times. The laboratory of Technology and Analytical Service analyzed the chemical composition of green mass cut at various growth stages. Forage nutritional value was determined on the base of protein, sugar, fiber, fat, nitrogenfree extractive, carotene, feed units as well as their digestibility. Triticale yielded 16.85 t ha1 of green mass at tilleringbooting stage, protein amounted to 18.10, sugar 14.32, fiber 28.90. Winter rye formed higher mass (23.70 t ha1), but its quality was lower: protein 17.70, sugar 9.94, fiber 29.70. Wheat was less productive (10.38 t ha1) but contained more protein (19.20) and less fiber (27.36). Protein concentration quickly dropped at milkywax stage: by 41.4 for triticale, 51.4 for wheat and by 49.6 for rye. Sugar (11.8814.32) and fat (2.312.7) stayed at the same level almost all the time in triticale green mass. Triticale had 2.312.70 of fat, 5.006.50 of ash, 10.6018.10 of protein, 11.8814.32 of sugar. Triticale exceeded winter wheat and rye in fat, sugar and carotene.

INFLUENCE OF INOCULATION OF OAT AND PEA SEEDS WITH BIOPREPARATIONS WHEN USING MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN DIFFERENT DOSES ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF GREEN MASS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Pea Seeds

Within three years, the effectiveness of the use of various biological products for inoculation of oat and pea seeds when using mineral fertilizers, as well as their influence on the yield and quality of green mass has been studied. The experiment was laid out at the experimental station of Ivanovo state agricul-tural Academy. The soil is sod-podzolic medium loamy. As a result of the agrochemical analysis of the soil on the experimental site, the content of humus in the soil was 1.7%, mobile phosphorus 190 mg/kg and mobile potassium 156 mg/kg, pH -5.6. Inoculation of seeds with biopreparations was carried out on the day of sowing, before sowing soil treatment mineral fertilizers were introduced, in some variants bi-omineral fertilizer was used. Mineral fertilizers in the form of ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride were introduced under presowing cultivation according to the scheme of experi-ence. On the day of sowing, oat seeds were treated with extrasol at the rate of 100 ml per hectare. The inoculation of pea seeds previously treated with rizotorfin, was performed with mushroom of arbuscular- vezikuliar mycorrhizae in the dose of 400g. Biomineral fertilizer was prepared by mixing Bisolbifit with mineral fertilizer in the dose of 40 g per 1 kg of fertilizer. According to the results of the research it was found that the combined use of biopreparations for inoculation of pea and oat seeds with phosphorus-potassium and complete mineral fertilizer allowed to obtain a reliable increase in yield and a positive trend was observed to increase the yield and quality of the green mass.

scholarly journals Climate influence on yield and grain quality of triticale varieties in the Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Tatiana Alexandrovna Goryanina ◽  
Anatoly Mikhailovich Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Excess Moisture ◽  
Winter Crops

  The research was carried out in 2002-2018 on the fields of breeding crop rotation of the Samara research Institute, located in the Central zone of the Samara region. 24 varieties of winter triticale were studied. The aim of the work is to establish the influence of climatic conditions on the yield and quality of triticale grain. During the study period, the trends of climate change were revealed: the increase in air temperature in the spring-summer period (April-June) by 0.23° C per year and during the sowing of winter crops (August-September) by 0.09° C per year. Quality of grain and bread, productivity depend on climatic conditions of vegetation. Excess moisture in the autumn and warm winters contribute to the appearance of rust pustules. Lack of precipitation in the summer period (may-June) was noted in 13 years out of 17 studied (11.4-74.7% of the norm). The yield is significantly influenced by the conditions of vegetation in the spring and summer (SCC April-June) r=0.63 * * ±0.15. The appearance of rust pustules was decisively influenced by the conditions of the autumn period and overwintering. Anti-nutrient substances, 5-alkylresorcinols, to a large extent accumulate at high temperatures in the autumn (r=0.73* * ±0.13) and with prolonged snow cover (r=0.56*±0.18). Indicators of quality of bread improve at sufficient height of a snow cover (r=0,28 ... 0,50*) and long spring-summer vegetation (r=-0,51*...-0,62**), and at a large amount of precipitation during may-June decrease (r=-0,28...-0,46). Analysis of the results indicates the need for stabilization of high-quality grain production in the region to create drought-resistant and precocious varieties of triticale.

scholarly journals Fodder value of Sudan grass depending on the harvesting time

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
A. V. Alabushev ◽  
N. A. Kovtunova ◽  
V. V. Kovtunov ◽  
G. M. Ermolina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Heading Stage

Among scientists there has been no agreement on which vegetation phase is the most suitable for harvesting of green mass of Sudan grass to provide the largest yield of highly qualitative forage. It has largely depended on the characteristics of the region, varietal composition and, therefore, these studies have been of great value and relevance. The purpose of the study is to identify the optimal time for harvesting green mass of Sudan grass to ensure maximum fodder value. The studies were conducted in 2015-2018 in the conditions of the Rostov region. The Sudan grass variety ‘Aleksandrina’ was used as an object of the study. The analysis of plant height changes through the vegetative phases has shown that there was the largest increase in plant height per day during the period ‘the 30-th day – booting stage’ (7.18 cm) and ‘booting stage – heading stage’ (5.83 cm). Plant growth after flowering stopped and the increase of the yield of green mass was only due to lateral stems. The structural analysis has shown that the largest part of the green mass of Sudan grass was represented by the stem (58-61%). The proportion of leaves, considered to be the most nutritious parts of plants, decreased from 35% (‘the booting stage’) to 20% (‘milky ripening of grain’) as the plants were growing. The productivity of green mass of Sudan grass was largely determined by the first hay cutting (59-63% of the total). The green mass of the second hay cutting corresponded to the amount of digestible protein per one fodder unit (113.7-128.9 g) and produced maximum yield when harvesting in the ‘heading stage’. Though the green mass productivity increased in the period from ‘booting stage’ to ‘flowering’, the content of raw protein reduced from 10.45 to 7.96%. This resulted in a decrease of digestible protein percentage per one fodder unit. Thus, the data on yield and quality of green mass of Sudan grass ‘Aleksandrina’ have shown that the harvesting could be already started in the ‘booting stage’, however, the highest nutritional value has been identified in the early ‘heading stage’.

Productivity of grasses under climate change conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Shmeleva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield And Quality

The directions and results of work on the analysis of productivity of perennial grasses under changing weather conditions are presented. It was found that the yield and quality of the green mass of hybrids significantly exceeds the parent forms, so expanding the crops of these crops is one of the ways to get a guaranteed harvest.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF GREEN MASS OF WINTER TRITICALE IN THE CULTIVATION OF ITS VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES IN FODDER CROP ROTATION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Сабирова ◽  
Tatyana Sabirova ◽  
Галина Цвик ◽  
Galina Zvik ◽  
Глеб Батюгов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fodder Crop Rotation

The materials on the study of the quality and yield of green mass of winter triticale at different technologies of cultivation are presented. In their comparison, the highest yield was obtained on intensive technologies. Keywords:

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