scholarly journals Structure formation peculiarities at early stage of Antarctic–Australia separation based on physical modeling

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. P. Dubinin ◽  
G. L. Leichenkov ◽  
A. L. Grokholsky ◽  
V. M. Sergeeva ◽  
G. D. Agranov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Physical Modeling ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Period ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Propagating Rift ◽  
Breakup Model

The paper addresses crustal formation in the Australian–Antarctic basin at the early period of separation of Australia and Antarctica. The study covers long rifting (~160–80 Ma), ultraslow spreading (~80–45 Ma) with the formation of proto-oceanic, mainly ultrabasic crust, spreading (~45-40 Ma), and stationary spreading at medium velocities (after 40 Ma). The different stages of oceanic opening are clearly expressed in the changes of basement morphology (the top of the second oceanic layer) on seismic profiles. Physical modeling is used to reveal the peculiarities in the surface morphology of the oceanic (magmatic) crust which developed in the transitional conditions from ultraslow to slow and medium spreading. Our experiments established that (1) the presence of a stronger block in the pre-breakup model lithosphere in the pathway of the propagating rift faults can significantly affect the geometry of the spreading axis in its vicinity and lead to the development of transversal structures and a highly rugged relief; (2) under the conditions of ultraslow ocean accretion, numerous jumps of the spreading axes occur; (3) the temporary cessation of spreading leads to the development of linear high-amplitude uplifts corresponding to amagmatic ridges in the natural conditions.

scholarly journals Understanding the Processes Causing the Early Intensification of Hurricane Dorian through an Ensemble of the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Andrew Hazelton ◽  
Ghassan J. Alaka ◽  
Levi Cowan ◽  
Michael Fischer ◽  
Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Model Initialization

The early stages of a tropical cyclone can be a challenge to forecast, as a storm consolidates and begins to grow based on the local and environmental conditions. A high-resolution ensemble of the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) is used to study the early intensification of Hurricane Dorian, a catastrophic 2019 storm in which the early period proved challenging for forecasters. There was a clear connection in the ensemble between early storm track and intensity: stronger members moved more northeast initially, although this result did not have much impact on the long-term track. The ensemble results show several key factors determining the early evolution of Dorian. Large-scale divergence northeast of the tropical cyclone (TC) appeared to favor intensification, and this structure was present at model initialization. There was also greater moisture northeast of the TC for stronger members at initialization, favoring more intensification and downshear development of the circulation as these members evolved. This study highlights the complex interplay between synoptic and storm scale processes in the development and intensification of early-stage tropical cyclones.

scholarly journals SERS-Active Substrates Nanoengineering Based on e-Beam Evaporated Self-Assembled Silver Films

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 3988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Boginskaya ◽  
Marina Sedova ◽  
Aleksandr Baburin ◽  
Konstantin Afanas’ev ◽  
Alexander Zverev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Raman Signal ◽  
Silver Films ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
Self Assembled

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been intensely studied as a possible solution in the fields of analytical chemistry and biosensorics for decades. Substantial research has been devoted to engineering signal enhanced SERS-active substrates based on semi-continuous nanostructured silver and gold films, or agglomerates of micro- and nanoparticles in solution. Herein, we demonstrate the high-amplitude spectra of myoglobin precipitated out of ultra-low concentration solutions (below 10 μg/mL) using e-beam evaporated continuous self-assembled silver films. We observe up to 105 times Raman signal amplification with purposefully designed SERS-active substrates in comparison with the control samples. SERS-active substrates are obtained by electron beam evaporation of silver thin films with well controlled nanostructured surface morphology. The characteristic dimensions of the morphology elements vary in the range from several to tens of nanometers. Using optical confocal microscopy we demonstrate that proteins form a conformation on the surface of the self-assembled silver film, which results in an effective enhancement of giant Raman scattering signal. We investigate the various SERS substrates surface morphologies by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in combination with deep data analysis with Gwyddion software and a number of machine learning techniques. Based on these results, we identify the most significant film surface morphology patterns and evaporation recipe parameters to obtain the highest amplitude SERS spectra. Moreover, we demonstrate the possibility of automated selection of suitable morphological parameters to obtain the high-amplitude spectra. The developed AFM data auto-analysis procedures are used for smart optimization of SERS-active substrates nanoengineering processes.

scholarly journals Extensive Sills in the Continental Basement from Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Larry D. Brown ◽  
Doyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Country Rock ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Mafic Intrusions ◽  
Bright Spots ◽  
Crystalline Crust ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profiling ◽  
Fluid Magma

Crustal seismic reflection profiling has revealed the presence of extensive, coherent reflections with anomalously high amplitudes in the crystalline crust at a number of locations around the world. In areas of active tectonic activity, these seismic “bright spots” have often been interpreted as fluid magma at depth. The focus in this report is high-amplitude reflections that have been identified or inferred to mark interfaces between solid mafic intrusions and felsic to intermediate country rock. These “frozen sills” most commonly appear as thin, subhorizontal sheets at middle to upper crustal depths, several of which can be traced for tens to hundreds of kilometers. Their frequency among seismic profiles suggest that they may be more common than widely realized. These intrusions constrain crustal rheology at the time of their emplacement, represent a significant mode of transfer of mantle material and heat into the crust, and some may constitute fingerprints of distant mantle plumes. These sills may have played important roles in overlying basin evolution and ore deposition.

Evolution of surface morphology at the early stage of Al2O3film growth on a rough substrate

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (34) ◽  
pp. 345003 ◽  
Author(s):  
E O Filatova ◽  
L Peverini ◽  
E Ziegler ◽  
I V Kozhevnikov ◽  
P Jonnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rough Substrate

Productivity Model and Production Decline Characteristics of Multi-Fracturing Horizontal Well

2015 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Xin Hai Wang ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Guo Liang Li ◽  
Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Fracture Spacing ◽  
Fracture Length ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Infinite Conductivity ◽  
The Relationship

By using the potential theory and the superposition principle, Productivity model of multi-fracturing horizontal well is established under the condition of infinite conductivity fractures. It solves the problem by using numerical methods and analyzes the influence of fracture numbers, fracture length and fracture spacing on well production by using actual reservoir parameters. Finally, it analyzes the production decline characteristics of multi-fracturing horizontal well based on the change of production curve. In the early period of production, the well production increases with the increase of fracture numbers, fracture length and fracture spacing. In the late period, the fracture parameters have less effect on well production. Early-stage production of multi-fracturing horizontal well obeys to the modified-hyperbolic decline model, while the relationship between ratio of Q, Qi and time is exponential model in the late-stage. It has some significance for design of horizontal well fracturing parameters and production forecasts in unconventional reservoirs.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON DIABETES

1920 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
The Difference

1. The injurious effects of excessive carbohydrate diet are demonstrable in partially depancreatized dogs, in the same manner as in human patients. With severe diabetes there is rapid progress of emaciation and weakness and early death. 2. With milder diabetes, there is frequently a transitional state following operation, when the fate depends on the diet. If the tolerance is spared for a time, recovery sometimes occurs to such extent that diabetes cannot be produced by any kind or quantity of feeding, but only by removal of a small additional fragment of pancreatic tissue. The proper degree of carbohydrate overfeeding is important in this early period for producing the most useful type of diabetic animals; namely, those having good digestion and general health combined with a permanent lowering of assimilative power, like the condition of human patients. 3. In the early stage, glucose is more powerful than starch in producing diabetes, and animals which are progressing toward complete recovery on starch diet can be sent into hopeless diabetes by admixture of glucose. The difference seems to be merely of the rate of absorption, and indicates that a rapid flood of carbohydrate is more injurious to the pancreatic function than a slow absorption. Whenever permanent diabetes is present, so that complete recovery is impossible, starch brings on glycosuria more slowly than sugar, but just as surely. The difference in time in different cases amounts to days, weeks, or months. The clinical lesson from such experiments is that even if a patient becomes free from glycosuria on withdrawal of sugar only, nevertheless other foods should also be limited. 4. No significant differences were observed between the assimilation of different starches, or any extreme lowering of the carbohydrate tolerance by proteins, such as alleged by certain writers in connection with the "oatmeal cure". 5. Repair of traumatic inflammation and hypertrophy of the pancreas remnant have been mentioned incidentally as the basis of the early tendency to recovery, and also hydropic degeneration of Langerhans islands as an accompaniment of the lowering of tolerance by excessive diet. These are believed to have their parallels in human cases, and are to be described more fully hereafter.

scholarly journals A novel seed baiting technique for the epiphytic orchid Rhynchostele cervantesii, a means to acquire mycorrhizal fungi from protocorms

Lankesteriana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Bernardo Cruz-Higareda ◽  
Bárbara Susana Luna-Rosales ◽  
Amadeo Barba-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Mature Seeds

We developed a new and novel seed baiting technique sowing mature seeds of the epiphyitic orchid Rhynchostele cervantesii under natural conditions, We introduced a sponge in each package that may serve as a reservoir for water retention to benefit germination; In three of 22 packets we found protocorms in an early stage of development, six of wich were of sufficient size to warrant fungal isolations; Nine strains were isolated in pure culture and were inoculated on seeds and protocorms under in vitro conditions. 

scholarly journals Interpretation of shallow seismic profiles over the continental shelf in West Greenland between latitudes 64° and 69°30'N

1980 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
E.F.K Zarudzki
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sidescan Sonar ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profiles

The work included the study of parts of the data obtained during the survey cruise WESTMAR 78, described in a preliminary report (Brett & Zarudzki, 1979). The data consist of 10 741 km seismic reflection profiles obtained with sparker, sub-bottom, airgun and boomer systems; 8474 km of bathymetric profiles, 3894 km of sidescan sonar profiles and 8545 km of magnetic profiles. The study objectives in the area and its subdivision were established at an early stage.

scholarly journals Effect of age and stage of lactation on the simple and partial correlations between the yield and the percentages of fat and protein of cow’s milk

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Vappu Kossila ◽  
Onerva Hintikka
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Partial Correlations

Coefficients of simple and partial correlations between the milk yield and the percentages of fat and protein in milk were calculated separately for the first-calvers and older cows during the early period of lactation (5—39 days post partum), during a later period (40—360 days p.p.), and during the entire period of lactation, from the data of 1028 milk samples obtained during the indoor-feeding period from 70 different Ayrshire cows belonging to the Viik Experimental Farm dairy herd. Statistical treatment of the data revealed that the milk yield affected the protein content of the milk more than its fat content, especially in the first-calvers. The protein-fat correlation, which was somewhat affected by the milk yield, was generally less close during the early stage of lactation than during its later stage. The percentage of variation in a) the milk yield that was explained by the variations in the percentage of fat and protein, was affected more by age than by the stage of lactation, b) the fat content of milk that was explained by the variations in the milk yield and the protein content of milk, was influenced more by the stage of lactation than by the age of the cow, c) the protein content of milk that was explained by the variations in milk yield and the fat content, was influenced by age as well as by stage of lactation. The equations for estimating theoretically the daily milk yield, the percentage of fat, or the percentage of protein in milk, when two out of the three variables are known, have been presented separately for the first-calvers and for the older cows at early and at later stages as well as during the entire period of lactation. The results of the study indicated that the milk yields and the percentages of fat and protein in milk vary to such an extent independently of each other, even when the age of cows, the stage of lactation, and the season of the year have been taken into consideration, that none of the dependent variables in question could be very closely estimated on the basis of knowing two of the independent variables.

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