scholarly journals Ecological assessment of Carex brizoides L. habitats on the Eastern border of the area

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-413
Author(s):  
Lyudmila L. Kiseleva ◽  
Zhanna G. Silaeva ◽  
Elena A. Parahina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Ecological Efficiency ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Light Shading

The purpose of this work was an ecological assessment of the habitats of Carex brizoides L. on the Eastern border of the area on the indicator scales of D. N. Tsyganov (1983) using the computer program EcoScaleWin. To determine the ecological conditions of growth of C. brizoides, three coenopopulations were analyzed: on the margin of a mixed forest, forest of black alder and in cutting. Analysis of the ecological amplitude of the species on the scales of D.N. Tsyganov showed that the species is a stenobiont to the complex of climatic factors, a hemistenobiot to the complex of soil factors and a euryvalent for the light-shading factor. The degree of use of the ecological potentials of the species in the studied C. brizoides population is narrow in the following modes – scale of climate continentality, ombroclimatic scale of aridity and humidity, riches of the soil, nitrogen value of soils, soil acidity, Illumination-Shading (coefficient of ecological efficiency no more than 10%) and quite wide in – thermoclimatic end cryoclimatic scales, soil moisture (coefficient of ecological efficiency from 25.0% to 40.9%).

scholarly journals Ecological assessment of some Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
E. E. Dushina
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Ecological Efficiency ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
Wide Potential

Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce – summer-green short-rhizome polycarpic, geophyte. The aim of thestudy is to assess the ecological-cenotic preferences of P. odoratum in pine forests on the territory of the specially protectednatural area “Medvedsky Bor” in the Nolinsky district of the Kirov region. The ecological preferences of the P. odoratumwere determined by processing our own geobotanical descriptions according to the ecological scales of D. N. Tsyganov(1983), the assessment of the habitat conditions of the P. odoratum cenopopulations was carried out taking into accountthe realized ecological valence (REV) and the coefficient of ecological efficiency (K.ec.eff.). As a result of the studies, it wasfound that P. odoratum in pine forests is characterized by a wide potential range for most of the factors considered, in particular, the habitation of P. odoratum on sandy soils is due to the wide potential range of endurance of individuals of thisspecies in relation to soil moisture and preference for soils poor in mineral nutrients. The range of the studied habitatsdoes not go beyond the potentially possible boundaries, therefore, the conditions of these territories are relatively consistent with the ecological needs of the species, but most of the soil factors are not optimal for the growth of individuals of theP. odoratum in both cenopopulations. This is evidenced by both the low indicators of the realized ecological valence, andthe low coefficient of ecological efficiency

Seasonal effects on litterfall in a Hong Kong mixed forest

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. S. Lam ◽  
David Dudgeon
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Woody Litter ◽  
Nutrient Economy

ABSTRACTAn investigation of seasonal rates of litter production in a mixed forest, Hong Kong Island, was undertaken from October 1982 to January 1984. Total annual litterfall amounted to 1218.96 g m−2 yr−1, comprising 68.6% leaves, 18.9% woody material, and 12.5% fruits, seeds and insect frass. 398.70 g m−2 of litter was recorded immediately after a severe typhoon (9 September 1983). Rates of leaf-fall and organic debris production were correlated with prevailing temperature and rainfall. Leaf-fall peaked in January 1983, March to July 1983, and in September 1983 after the typhoon, while large amounts of insect faeces were collected in May and June. Woody litter production rates were correlated with temperature and rainfall recorded in previous months. Woody litterfall exhibited no obvious periodicity but was slightly increased during March and April. The seasonal distribution of litterfall is discussed in relation to climatic factors and habitat nutrient economy.

scholarly journals Ecological assessment of Eremogone saxatilis (L.) Ikonn habitat on the north-eastern border of the range

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
K. D. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Distribution Features ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Sandy Forest ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Main Factors

Eremogone saxatilis (L.) Ikonn – a Eurasian, boreal-temperate species distributed in the European partof Russia and Southern Siberia. Recently the species occurs in dry pine forests, on the edges, sandy forest glades, inthe steppes. Despite its rather extensive area, this species is specified in the Red Books of different regions of Russia,including the Kirov region. The aim of the research is to study the ecological and coenotic features of the Eremogone saxatilis habitat on the north-eastern border of the range. The research of the species distribution features was carried out inthe protected area “Medvedsky Bor”. On the basis of geobotanical descriptions, the analysis of ecological preferences andrealized ecological potencies of Eremogone saxatilis was carried out, which was realized out according to the amplitudephytoindication scales of D. N. Tsyganov. According to the data obtained, it was found that the studied species does nothave high adaptive capabilities to various environmental conditions. Eremogone saxatilis exists in areas with approximateconditions of its original habitats on the territory of the Kirov region. The main factors for the growth of the species werethe increased illumination and dryness on the poor soils of pine forests in the northern parts of its modern area.

Spatial assessment of soil nitrogen availability and varying effects of related main soil factors on soil available nitrogen

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1449-1457
Author(s):  
Mingkai Qu ◽  
Weidong Li ◽  
Chuanrong Zhang ◽  
Biao Huang ◽  
Yongcun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Soil Available Nitrogen ◽  
Availability Ratio

Based on the spatial distribution maps of the soil AN and NAR, vulnerability areas with a low available concentration and low/high availability ratio of soil nitrogen were delineated based on different thresholds of the soil AN and NAR.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY AND LIMING ON MINERALIZATION OF SOIL NITROGEN

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Cultivated Soils

Forty acid surface soils of pH 4.0–5.6 were incubated with and without lime, and the amounts of N that were mineralized or nitrified were statistically compared with several soil acidity characteristics. In addition, three field experiments were used to find the effect of liming on N mineralization. There was no relation between the amounts of mineral N released per unit of organic N in 120 days of incubation and soil pH, base saturation or soluble Fe, Al or Mn. Despite this, liming the soils to about pH 6.7 approximately doubled the amounts of N mineralized during incubation. In the field experiments, lime increased uptake of soil N by 15–42 kg/ha in the 1st yr but only 7–10 kg/ha in the 3rd yr. Thus these laboratory and field experiments indicate that soil acidity does not restrict mineralization of organic N and although liming increases mineralization of N, it is generally a temporary effect. Nitrification in the 40 incubated soils occurred much more rapidly in cultivated soils than in virgin soils. For both the virgin and cultivated soils, nitrification decreased with decreasing soil pH. However, nitrification was not statistically related to base saturation or soluble Fe, Al or Mn. Liming established good nitrification in most of the soils and this effect did not diminish with time.

scholarly journals Comparison of weed communities organization factors in the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Bashkortostan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Sergey Maratovich Yamalov ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Lebedeva ◽  
Natalya Nikolaevna Luneva ◽  
Gulnaz Rimovna Khasanova ◽  
Zinnur Khaidarovich Shigapov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Zonal Vegetation ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic

This paper considers the results of the ordination analysis of weed communities in two regions - the Leningrad Region (LR) and the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB). The dataset includes 1726 relevs of the weed communities executed by the authors during 2000-2018 in cereal and root crops. The calculation of the ecological statuses of communities on 9 scales of D.N. Tsyganov is carried out for ecological characteristics of habitats. The values of the scales corresponding to climatic factors (thermoclimatic scale, cryoclimatic scale, aridity-gumidity scale), edafic factors (salt regime, soil acidity, nitrogen richness, variability of moistening) as well as scales of soil moisture and lightning are attracted to the analysis. The communities ranges on each scale are determined. The detrended correspondent analysis (DCA-ordination) with CANOCO 4.5 software package is used for the identification of ecological patterns of species and communities distribution and definition of the main drivers. It is demonstrated that the sets of the scales reflecting main ecological drivers significantly differ for the compared regions. Only the thermoclimatic scale and the scale of variability of moistening are common for both regions. The scales of nitrogen richness, variability of moistening and cryoclimatic influence generally on floristic composition differentiation in the LR. The scales of aridity-gumidity, the salt regime, lightning, moistening and soil acidity determine the floristic differentiation in the RB. A large number of scales in RB are defined by a variety of zonal vegetation types in the region which are connected with landscapes of forest, forest-steppe and steppe zones as well as a mountain-forest belt of the Southern Ural. The zonal vegetation of LR belongs only to subzones of the southern and average Taiga. The exception is the lightning scale which high values of correlation are connected with a considerable share of sunflower and corn in cultivated crops in RB.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Acidity and Liming on Yields and Composition of Sugarcane Growing on an Ultisol

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Fernando Abruña Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Juárez ◽  
Raúl Pérez Escolar ◽  
José Vicente Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum

Variable liming and heavy fertilization of a Cialitos clay (ultisol) over a 7-year period markedly affected soil properties and yields of subsequently planted sugarcane. A total of 3,680 pounds of N, 480 pounds of P, and 2,870 pounds of K had been applied per acre to all plots over this period. Cane yields increased from less than 1 ton per acre, when no lime had been applied, to over 40 tons when a total of 20 tons of limestone had been applied per acre over the previous 7-year period. Yields increased with increasing exchangeable base content in the upper 6 inches of soil from less than 10 tons per acre when exchangeable bases dropped below 3 meq., to over 40 tons when exchangeable bases exceeded 8 meq./l00 g. of soil (58-percent base saturation). Cane yields increased with decreasing exchangeable Al from less than 10 tons, when exchangeable Al exceeded 8 meq., to over 40 when exchange able Al was less than 2 meq./100 g. of soil. Yields increased with increasing soil pH, but the presence of free salts in this heavily fertilized soil made pH an unreliable criterion for determining the need for liming. Applying 8 tons of limestone per acre to the surface of a very acid Cialitos clay before planting increased cane yields from an average of 12.4 to 34.5 tons per acre, and decreased exchangeable Al from 7.3 to 0.5 meq. per 100 g. of soil. The foliar composition at 9 months of age, and the sucrose content of the sugarcane were not affected by the soil factors studied, or by lime applications, and remained unchanged, at satisfactory levels, in plots yielding from almost 0 to over 40 tons of cane per acre. A survey showed that in many sugarcane soils of the Humid Region exchangeable aluminum exceeded levels that depressed cane yields on Cialitos clay in this experiment.

Effects of soil acidity and phosphorus on the growth and nodule development of black alder

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Seiler ◽  
L. H. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Nodulated and nonnodulated black alder, Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn., seedlings were grown in two acid mine spoils amended with five rates of lime (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 g/kg of soil size particles) and three rates of phosphorus (0.0, 25.0, and 50.0 mg/kg of soil size particles). Height growth of nodulated seedlings was enhanced by lime and phosphorus. A significant lime X phosphorus interaction occurred for height growth of nodulated seedlings in both spoils: response to liming increased as the level of phosphorus was increased. Best height growth occurred at the highest lime and phosphorus levels. Nonnodulated seedlings failed to respond to either of the spoil amendments. Nodule weights of seedlings also were affected by lime and phosphorus and followed the same response pattern as shoot length.

scholarly journals Extended studies on the diversity of arthropod-pathogenic fungi in Austria and Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Tkaczyk ◽  
Stanisław Bałazy ◽  
Tomasz Krzyczkowski ◽  
Rudolf Wegensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
First Record ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Mite Communities ◽  
First Time

Results of studies on diversity of arthropod-pathogenic fungi in selected habitats in Austria and Poland carried out in the years 2006-2007 and 2009-2010 are discussed. In total 47 species of entomopathogenic fungi were found as pathogens of different arthropods in Austria. Twenty six entomophthoralean species from different insects and one species from mites were identified and 16 of them are recorded as new to Austria. From among 21 species of anamorphic Hypocreales (Ascomycota) affecting arthropods in Austria, 13 species so far have not been known from this country. In total 51 species of fungi affecting different arthropods in Poland were recorded, among them 28 species of Entomophthorales and 23 anamorphic Hypocreales (Ascomycota) were separated. The most frequent species of the entomopathogenic fungi both in agricultural and afforested areas in Austria were the common and usually worldwide distributed cordycipitaceous anamorphs <em>Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea</em> and in areas of this study less numerous <em>I. farinosa</em>. The most frequent pathogens occurring in mite communities on plants and in wood infested by insects were <em>Hirsutella</em> species. Several entomophthoralean species developed epizootics that caused high reduction in host populations of different arthropods in both countries. Especially interesting is the first record of mycoses (up to 60% mortality), caused by <em>Zoophthora</em> spp. on <em>Phyllobius</em> beetles in a mixed forest near Białowieża. During our joint research, we found the first time in Poland and Europe, the presence of the fungus <em>Furia</em> cf. <em>shandongensis</em> on earwigs and <em>Hirsutella entomophila</em> on <em>Ips typographus</em> adults in forest habitats. From the feeding sites of the latter bark beetle and other subcortical species in oak bark (mostly <em>Dryocoetes villosus</em>) and D. alni in black alder over a dozen of various <em>Lecanicillium</em> strains - including few of the features not allowing to classify them to any of so far known species – were isolated both from the scolytids and from accompanying them mites, but these materials have now been successively elaborated. From the commonly occurring in these materials acaropathogenic species <em>Hirsutella cf. brownorum, H. minnesotensis, H. nodulosa and H. rostrata</em>, the two latter infected also adult bark beetles, whereas from the larvae and pupae some supposed nematophagous anamorphs were isolated, among them <em>Harposporium janus</em> and <em>Haptocillium</em> sp.

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