IDEAS ABOUT MARRIAGE DEPENDING ON THE STRUCTURE OF VALUABLE ORIENTATIONS OF WOMEN IN EARLY ADULTHOOD

"The phenomenon of marriage is one of the little-studied questions of family psychology. The resolution of the contradiction between the need of modern society to form complete and adequate ideas about the marital role among students and the need to identify socio-psychological factors that influence the development of ideas about marriage determines the problem of research. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of ideas about marriage (Ideal husband, Ideal wife) depending on the structure of valuable orientations of young women in early adulthood. Methods of research. Theoretical and methodological literature analysis, questionnaire, psycho-diagnostic methods (the questionnaire “A Value and Availability Ratio in Various Vital Spheres Technique” by E.B. Fantalova, the method of Semantic Differential, developed by Charles E. Osgood, projective technique of ""Incomplete Sentences"", the questionnaire ""Role Expectations and Claims in Marriage"" by A. N. Volkova); mathematical and statistical data processing methods. During the analytical stage we used mathematical and statistical methods that allowed us to establish the reliability of the research results. All calculations were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 computer program. The analysis included descriptive statistics, cluster analysis (K-means method), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for one sample, Shapiro-Wilkes criterion, and correlation analysis. The study involved 310 female students in age from 20 to 22 from Astrakhan State University and the Astrakhan Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. It was found that among young female students 45 people (14.5 %) are focused on the values of professional self-realization, 59 people (19 %) are focused on gnostic and aesthetic values, and 206 people (66.5 %) are focused on the values of personal happiness. The results showed that the concepts of marriage have both common features and specific features due to the influence of the structure of valuable orientations of the respondents. Ideas about marriage are characterized by fragmentary formation of emotional and behavioral components, in some cases the presence of cognitive distortions. The obtained results actualize the importance and necessity of psychological and pedagogical support of the process of family self-determination of students, the formation of complete and adequate ideas about marriage in the conditions of the educational environment of the university."

Penerapan Efektivitas Mesin Debarker Menggunakan Overall Equipment Effectiveness (Studi pada PT. Tri Tunggal Laksana Unit Blitar)

Total Productive Maintenance atau TPM adalah salah satu metode proses maintenance yang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan produktifitas di area kerja, dengan cara membuat proses tersebut lebih reliable dan lebih sedikit terjadi pemborosan (waste). PT. Tri Tunggal Laksana menggunakan mesin debarker sebagai alat pemotong dan pengupas kulit kayu dalam memproduksi veneer. Selama periode produksi, mesin sering mengalami downtime sehingga mengganggu proses kerja produksi. Untuk itulah perusahaan perlu melakukan evaluasi atas mesin yang digunakan sehingga penerapan Total Productive Maintenance dapat dilaksanakan optimal demi meningkatkan efektivitas mesin produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai efektivitas mesin debarker menggunakan metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). Hasilnya, semua faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai OEE berada dibawah standar dunia. Nilai availability ratio (89,78 % < 90,00%), performance ratio (87,97% < 95,00%), dan nilai quality ratio (91,43% < 99,90%). Nilai OEE mesin debarker sebesar 72,1% yang berarti masih berada di bawah world class standart yaitu sebesar 85%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai performance rate yang rendah dipengaruhi oleh adanya komponen–komponen mesin yang kritis dan sering mengalami gangguan. Melalui Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) diketahui bahwa komponen rantai conveyor dan mata pisau memiliki nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN) tertinggi sehingga komponen ini yang harus diutamakan dalam upaya meningkatkan efektivitas produksi.

A recommendation of breakdown maintenance on vehicle engine camshaft line using reliability centered maintenance and FMEA method

A vehicle engine manufacturing company that implements Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) found many breakdowns in the camshaft line from January to May 2019. This study aims to reduce the engine camshaft line breakdown by improving preventive maintenance using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). The researchers mapped the breakdown time data per engine and found that the longest breakdown time was on the IGR-0040 engine with 22.23 hours. The current availability ratio of the IGR-0040 machine is 72.88%, and the reliability index is 55%. Furthermore, this research identified machine failure using FMEA and found that six machine components experienced the highest failure rate. The researchers proposed some improvement activities related to the maintenance interval rescheduling period that could increase by 61% reliability

PENENTUAN INTERVAL PERAWATAN MESIN EXTRUDER DENGAN MODULARITY DESIGN DAN OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS DI PT. KERTA RAJASA RAYA

PT. Kerta Rajasa Raya adalah sebuah perusahaan manufaktur yang memproduksi karung diantaranya woven bag, jumbo bag, dan AD*STAR block bottom bag. Perawatan mesin sangat penting dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk selalu menjaga mesin agar tetap dalam kondisi yang optimal. Selama ini, perawatan mesin pada PT. Kerta Rajasa Raya belum dilakukan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas mesin extruder serta meminimalkan biaya perawatan dengan menggunakan metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness dan Modularity Design. Tahapan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah dengan menentukan tingkat efektifitas mesin dengan 3 Indikator yaitu Availability Ratio, Performance Ratio dan Quality Rate. Kemudian didapatkan hasil untuk Availability sebesar 89,52%, Performance Ratio sebesar 97,01%, Quality Rate sebesar 93,17%. Ketiga indikator tersebut menghasilkan nilai OEE sebesar 89,91%. Kemudian menganalisa Six Big Losses yang menyebabkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Six Big Losses meliputi Equipment Failure, Setup and Adjusment Losses, Idle and Minor Stoppage, Reduced Speed, Rework Losses, dan Yield Losses. Selanjutnya adalah menghitung biaya perawatan dari komponen kritis untuk mengurangi biaya perawatan yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan dengan menggunakan metode Modularity Design. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan Modularity Design didapatkan hasil total biaya perawatan usulan sebesar Rp 274.696.305,68 dimana biaya tersebut lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan total biaya perawatan perusahaan sebesar Rp 374.982.723,00

Online assessment of the electric locomotive life cycle cost

The selection and supply of electric locomotives based on the life cycle contract requires a more thorough review of indicators of their effectiveness implemented in operation. This study examines the main operation indicators currently used: coefficients of operational availability, technical availability, intrinsic availability (instantaneous), availability of the locomotive fleet, performed ton-kilometer operation, and electric power consumption. However, these indicators are not comprehensive and do not provide an overall economic assessment of operation. For a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of operation of locomotives, an online calculation of the life cycle cost is proposed. This involves directly using operating and service data for its performance, and the calculation of an indicator — life cycle specific cost (LCSC). The online LCSC is a uniform criterion associated with the energy efficiency of the performed transportation, volume of the ton-kilometer operation, operation expenses, reliability of electric locomotive, and its equipment availability ratio (EAR). The LCSC analysis enables assessment of deviations of the operation effectiveness indicators from those planned, and determining a strategy for improvement of the electric locomotive. It helps to define peculiarities in the operation of an electric locomotive and to forecast its condition and potential properties. Additionally, the LCSC facilitates analyzing the condition of a group of electric locomotives when changing the operation technology (for example, operation starting with increased rolling stock weight), including assessment of the extent of economic benefits of fulfilled measures.Currently, scientists of the JSC “VNIIZhT” and specialists of LLC “Ural Locomotives” are conducting tests on the electric locomotives 2EC6 on the Oktyabrskaya railroad using the “Online LCC” server. This allows online analysis of information collected on the operation and servicing of locomotives under the life cycle contract, pro viding effective and prompt control of the electric locomotive fleet.

Analisis Sistem Perawatan Mesin Boiler pada Industri Kelapa Sawit

Boiler adalah bejana tertutup yang terbuat dari baja yang memiliki fungsi untuk menghasilkan uap dan digunakan untuk pemanas, penggerak turbin dan sebagainya. Pemakaian dan perawatan boiler yang baik akan membuat efisiensi boiler semakin tinggi dan menghemat biaya operasional secara umum. Kondisi boiler pada salah satu industri kelapa sawit yang diteliti mengalami penurunan kinerja dan apabila tidak diperbaikikomdisi tersebut, maka mesin akan mengalami kerusakan yang akan menyebabkan kerugian waktu operasi (downtime). Permasalahan yang akan muncul akibat terjadinya downtime adalah keterlambatan produksi, hilangnya waktu efektif untuk berproduksi sehingga mempengaruhi produktivitas perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai availability ratio terendah terjadi pada bulan September 2018, hal ini disebabkan karena total downtime yang tinggi selama 4610 menit dikarenakan terjadi trouble dan waktu tunggu selama 1920 menit untuk recovery. Performance efficiency ratio jumlah bahan bakar yang digunakan tinggi yaitu sebesar 35 Kg/cm3 dikarenakan untuk recovery dari awal. Rate of quality mesin menunjukkan hasil yang bagus, hal ini dikarenakan tidak adanya reject yang terjadi

Analisis Sistem Perawatan Boiler di PT. Dewa Rencana Perangin-Angin

<pre><em><span lang="EN-US">Boilers are closed vessels made of steel that use to produce steam and be used for heating, turbine driving and so on. Good maintenance for boiler will make the efficiency of boiler higher and save general operational cost. Boiler condition in PT. Dewa Rencana Perangin-angin experiences a decrease in performance and if left constantly will suffer damage which will ultimately lead to downtime. Problems arising from this downtime include production delays, loss of effective time to produce, thus affecting the productivity of the company. The results show the lowest availability ratio value occurred in September 2017, this is because the total downtime is high during 4610 minutes due to trouble and waiting time during 1920 minutes for recovery. Performance efficiency ratio of the amount of fuel used is high at 35 Kg /cm³</span></em><em><span lang="EN-US">due to recovery from the beginning. Rate of quality machine shows good results, this is because no reject is happening.</span></em></pre>

ANALISA PERBAIKAN PRODUKTIVITAS MENGGUNAKAN METODE OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVINESS (OEE) PADA MESIN FILLING DENGAN PENDAKATAN SIX BIG LOSSES UNTUK MENCARI PENYEBAB LOSSES TERTINGGI PADA PRODUKSI SKINCARE STUDI KASUS PT XYZ

PT. XYZ merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang kosmetik yang tujuan utama menginginkan target produksi yang direncanakan dapat terpenuhi dengan baik. Akan tetapi karena faktor yang memiliki persentase terbesar dari faktor six big losses adalah reduce speed (34,92%) dan breakdown losses (32,08%) yang bisa menghambat proses produksi sehingga pencapaian target produksi masih jauh dari harapan. Selama periode Maret- November 2017 di peroleh nilai OEE (62,54% - 77,83%), availability ratio ( 76,28 % - 85,70%), performance efficiency (83,23 %-99,24%) dan rate quality product (93,11%-97,09%). Nilai OEE tertinggi pada bulan September sebesar 77,83 %. Dan nilai OEE terendah pada bulan April 2017 (62,54 %). Tingkat kapabilitas yang diproses yang dihasilkan bernilai 0,588 yang bearti bahwa kapabilitas proses rendah, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan performansinya melalui proses perbaikan. Kajian kondisi apa saja yang dapat diperbaiki dengan menggunakan 5W+1H. Apa yang telah dilakukan di PT. XYZ diharapkan dapat menjadi langkah awal peningkatan efektifitas mesin yang nantinya akan sampai pada penerapan Total Productive Maintenance.

Dynamics of accessibility of medicines for type 2 diabetes monotherapy in ukraine

Diabetes mellitus is recognized as noninfectious epidemic in the world. Antidiabetic medications for the patients are taking continually and they are expensive. So, the actual question is the evaluation of the economic availability of antidiabetic treatment. Compared with other similar researches the economic availability of monotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ukraine has not been investigated. It was researched in this study. The purpose of the research was scientific generalization of the results of study of the economic availability of monotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ukraine from 2013 to 2016. The material of the study were: ATC/DDD-indexes of Centre WHO methodology of statistical studies of drugs, cost of DDDs was calculated according to weighed average cost in November 2013 and November 2016, according to weekly «Pharmacy» information. Methods: frequency analysis, ATC/DDD-methodology, the calculation of socio-economic coefficients of accessibility: liquidity ratio (Cliq), solvency adequacy ratio (Ca.s.), availability ratio (D). Based on the results of our previous studies to analyze the dynamics of socio-economic accessibility have been selected schemes of monotherapy with metformin, gliclazide and glimepiride, as the most commonly used in clinical practice. It has been found that the minimum price for DDD of metformin increased by 101%, for glimepiride – by 65%, for gliclazide – by 41% from 2013 to 2016. In the study of liquidity ratio Cliq, it has been found that there was an increase of price fluctuations from 48 to 295%. In the study of the solvency adequacy ratio Ca.s., it has been found that the accessibility has decreased from 98 to 197%, respectively. In studying of availability ratio D it has been found that the growth rate of salary was lower rates therapy price increases by 67% for metformin, by 44% for glimepiride, by 5% for gliclazide.In the study of economic availability it has been found an increase in prices in 1.4 times for metformin, in 1.25 times – for glimepiride, in 4.3 times – for gliclazide. Accessibility of monotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been decreased by 98–197%. The rate of wage growth was less than the growth rate of prices for the medications under investigation by 5–67%. The obtained results of a study of the socio-economic accessibility of medicines for type 2 diabetes monotherapy for the population of Ukraine Cliq, Ca.s., D against the background of reducing the rate of salary growth show a decrease in the dynamics of such availability in the period 2013–2016 years.

Computation of quantity of spare parts by the failure frequency

One way to increase the level of reliability is to create sets of spare parts, units, devices to be efficiently replaced in the failed system. System availability ratio is very important for consumers. It depends on the ability to quickly replace a failed component. In order for this system to support function at the proper level, effective management of these spare parts reserve is required. Therefore, acquisition of spare parts is rightly considered as a particular problem of the theory of inventory management, the solution of which is important for ensuring service continuity of a system and, in a number of cases, for achieving the required safety. The unpredictability of failure of equipment and its parts has a great impact on this problem. One way to reduce the level of unpredictability is to maintain a sufficient number of spare parts, which leads to an increase in the cost of inventory. A cheaper way is to estimate the necessary spare parts using one of the available forecasting models. Because of this unpredictability, the nature of the demand for spare parts is stochastic, thus the models that establish an unchanged quantity of spare parts for the entire life cycle of the product only depending on the number of equipment in operation do not always provide satisfactory estimates. For this reason, it is preferable to use the models dealing with the estimation of the required number of spare parts based on such parameters as reliability of spare parts, complexity and quality of service, life expectancy, intensity of operation, maintenance costs, etc. Based on the analysis of reliability and failure rate of technical systems, the required number of spare parts is estimated in this article at the time of the expected failure or when reliability falls below a predetermined level. With the help of the obtained formula, calculations can be made for single sets of spare parts for repair, maintenance and adjustment.