scholarly journals Ertragskundliche Leistung in den Plenterwald-Versuchsflächen der Schweiz | Yield performance in the plenter forest research plots in Switzerland

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Zingg ◽  
Fritz Frutig ◽  
Anton Bürgi ◽  
Renato Lemm ◽  
Vinzenz Erni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
The Future ◽  
Harvesting Costs

22 plenter forest research plots, some of which are under long-term observation, allow the assessment of the performance of these stands and to a certain extent these performances can also be compared with the perfor mances of other management systems. The performance descriptions presented here are in a broad sense of the term growth and yield: the pure growth parameters for four selected areas are complemented by a modelling of the economic results by determination of the timber harvesting costs and the revenues. Young forest surveys were also made in four areas and thus allow us a glimpse into the future development. Most of the areas presented here lie in the silver fir - beech belt, some in the upper montane and in the subalpine zone and only one in a stand rich of broad-leaved trees. An equilibrium model can be calculated for most of these stands. The high altitude areas, two stands with high volume retention and conversion stands were exceptions. These areas showed high fluctuations in the growing stock. In contrast the increment remains the same over a large range of the growing stock. Utilization and increment are on the average in a similar magnitude. Standing volume and heavy timber proportions are lower in higher altitudes due to site conditions. The modelled revenues after deducting harvesting costs can be partly correlated with the diameter of the mean basal area tree of the harvested logs. Based on the stem number distribution from the one year old plant to the thickest tree, the sustainability of the forest effects – timber extraction or protection – for four areas is assured in the future. It can be shown with this data that the big advantage of selection forests lays in the regularity of these performances and this also on small areas.

scholarly journals Sind Naturwaldreservate naturnäher als der Schweizer Wald?

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Heiri ◽  
Urs-Beat Brändli ◽  
Harald Bugmann ◽  
Peter Brang
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Long Run

Do strict forest reserves feature more naturalness than the Swiss forest? In natural forest reserves (NFR), forests develop in the absence of direct human interference, primarily management. This increases their naturalness and should – in the long run – allow forests to regain primeval attributes. Based on stand structural data from the third National Forest Inventory (NFI) and 25 NFR in Switzerland, we investigate 1) whether NFR feature more naturalness than managed forests, 2) whether the naturalness of Swiss forests increases with the time elapsed since the cessation of management, and 3) to what extent NFR differ from Swiss forests that have not been managed during several decades. Thereby, we focus on the four main forest types beech, silver fir-beech, silver fir-Norway spruce and Norway spruce forests, and furthermore group the data according to the time since the last intervention (0–20, 21–50 and > 50 years.). The structural features investigated differ only slightly between NFR and managed forest (0–20 years). NFR feature a higher abundance of “giant” trees (dbh ≥ 80 cm), higher stem numbers and greater basal area, and thus a higher growing stock. The abundance of snags, however, is indistinguishable between the two types of forests. Naturalness in Swiss forests increases only slightly with time since the last intervention, indicated by a higher abundance of small snags and a slightly higher number of giant trees. By contrast, clear differences can be seen between NFR in which no intervention has taken place for at least 50 years, and other forests abandoned for a similarly long time, with NFR showing lower stem numbers, greater basal area and higher numbers of giant trees. Many of the investigated reserves are still affected by former management and are – from the point of view of primeval forest dynamics – still quite “young”. According to their naturalness, the NFR range between managed and primeval forests, although to date they are still closer to the former. Nevertheless, the differences found in our study indicate a steady development of the NFR towards stand structures that are characteristic of primeval forests.

scholarly journals The effect of planting technique on the growth of two Shorea species in Gunung Dahu, Bogor, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henti H Rachmat ◽  
PRIJANTO PAMOENGKAS ◽  
LUSIANA SHOLIHAH ◽  
RIZKI ARY FAMBAYUN ◽  
Arida Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Shorea Species ◽  
Shorea Leprosula ◽  
Development Center

One of the rehabilitation efforts undertaken by the Forest Research and Development Center in Bogor was to establish a mixed meranti(Dipterocarp) forest in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest, Bogor - West Java. The rehabilitation activities adopted several planting techniques, including total and line planting, used several types of red meranti (Shorea spp.). The purpose of this study was to assess the success of rehabilitation effort by analyzing the growth performance of Shorea leprosula and Shorea selanicastands in which applying total and line planting techniques. Diameter and height, as well as environmental factors such as soil texture, average litter thickness, slope, the average thickness of topsoil, and canopy density, were plant growth parameters that were observed. Growth data analysis was performed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that planting techniques affected the diameter growth. The highest growth rate was found in S. selanicaspecies with line planting techniques with the average diameter and height increment was 1.13 cm/year and 0.78 cm/year. Line planting techniques also scored the highest value of basal area and stand volumes, 0.06 m2 and 0.64 m3per year for S. leprosulaand 0.06 m2and 0.66 m3per year for S. selanica.

Calibrating predicted diameter distribution with additional information in growth and yield predictions

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Kangas ◽  
Matti Maltamo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Diameter Distributions

Diameter distribution of the growing stock is essential in many forest management planning problems. The diameter distribution is the basis for predicting, for example, timber assortments of a stand. Usually the predicted diameter distribution is scaled so that the stem number (or basal area) corresponds to the measured value (or predicted future value), but it may be difficult to obtain a distribution that gives correct estimates for all known variables. Diameter distributions that are compatible with all available information can be obtained using an approach adopted from sampling theory, the calibration estimation. In calibration estimation, the original predicted frequencies are modified so that they respect a set of constraints, the calibration equations. In this paper, an example of utilizing diameter distributions in growth and yield predictions is presented. The example is based on individual tree growth models of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Calibration estimation was utilized in predicting the diameter distribution at the beginning of the simulation period. Then, trees were picked from the distribution and their development was predicted with individual tree models. In predicting the current stand characteristics, calibrated diameter distributions proved to be efficient. However, in predicting future yields, calibration estimation did not significantly improve the accuracy of the results.

scholarly journals Trockenperioden seit 1900 und Waldwachstum: eine Analyse langfristiger Datenreihen | Drought periods since 1900 and growth of forest stands: an analysis of long-term data series

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (10) ◽  
pp. 352-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Zingg ◽  
Anton Bürgi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Eine Analyse ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data

Drought during the vegetation period has en effect on tree growth. Using daily precipitation data and growth records from long-term research plots, we investigated what can be defined as “drought” and how strong its effect is. Dry or humid periods are defined as the deviation from the long-term daily mean of precipitation. Such periods must last at least 60 days to be considered as being decisive for tree growth. The drought values are used together with other site and stand parameters as explaining variables in a model for the basal area increment for Norway spruce (Picea abies [L] H. Karst.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus L), based on data from long-term growth and yield plots which are located in the neighbourhood of precipitation measurement stations. These models explain 55 to 89% of the variance. In drought situations basal area increment drops clearly for spruce and beech, for fir only weakly and oak shows no reaction. Furthermore, we checked if there happened additional or compulsory felling after drought periods and if the basal area growth changed significantly compared to the growth in the period before. For both it is not the case, despite distinct drought periods in the last century, especially in the 40s with the extreme year of 1947. Therefore we do not expect dramatic changes for the investigated species in similar drought situations under the prerequisite that the other conditions do not change essentially.

scholarly journals Thinning Red Pine Plantations and the Langsaeter Hypothesis: A Northern Minnesota Case Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Gilmore ◽  
Timothy C. O'Brien ◽  
Howard M. Hoganson
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The Langsaeter hypothesis states, “The total production of cubic volume by a stand of given age and composition on a given site is, for all practical purposes, constant and optimum for a wide range of density of stocking. It can be decreased, but not increased, by altering the amount of growing stock to levels outside this range.” We used a multistep approach to test this hypothesis in a 46-year-old red pine plantation growing on a site of moderate quality in northern Minnesota. First, we used stem analysis data to construct tree-level red pine volume equations and compared them to existing equations. We then calculated stand-level volume. Doing this allowed us to evaluate the performance of two stand-level volume prediction equations, a growth and yield spreadsheet package, and a computer simulation model using 10-year pre- and post-thinning measurements. Tree volume prediction equations were similar to existing equations. For 10-year projections, the stand-level volume prediction equations and growth projection models provided volume estimates within 10% of actual volumes on average. Ten-year post-thinning measurements showed that a geometric, strip thinning to 100 ft2 of basal area resulted in a 40% volume gain, a crown thinning to 125 ft2 of basal area a 35% volume gain, and a low thinning to 140 ft2 of basal area a 30% volume gain, while an unharvested control had a 22% gain in volume relative to residual stand volumes. Although we found the 10-year volume growth varied less than 1 cord ac−1 between residual growing stock volumes retained in this study, we do not have strong evidence to support the Langsaeter hypothesis for red pine. North. J. Appl. For. 22(1):19–26.

scholarly journals Femelschlag oder Plenterung – Ein Vergleich aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht | Irregular Shelterwood System or Selection ('Plenter') System – a Comparison from an Economic Point of View

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conradin Mohr ◽  
Christian Schori
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
System A ◽  
Selection Forest ◽  
Harvesting Costs ◽  
Forest District

The state-owned forest enterprise of the former forest district of Berne introduced cost accounting per forest unit in 1981. The present study compares the irregular shelter-wood units with the selection ('plenter') system units on the basis of important operational parameters. Overall profits from timber production in the selection forest units exceeded those of the irregular shelterwood units by an average of 25 Swiss francs/m3. Selection system unit expenditure was lower by 15 Swiss francs/m3. The selection system has the advantage of incurring substantially lower planting and tending costs whereas timber harvesting costs for both parts of the forest enterprise were about the same. Up until 1991, the selection forests achieved higher yields with an average of 15.– Swiss francs/m3. Due to the decline of the silver fir price, however, there has been no difference in this parameter since 1992. Thus, apart from the advantages of the selection forest regarding ecology and the protection function, economic reasons also support this particular method of treatment.

scholarly journals Deciduous Broad-Leaved Species (Quercus Robur, Tilia Cordata, Acer Platanoides and Ulmus Laevis) Forest Stand Productivity in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
Guntars Šņepsts ◽  
Jānis Donis ◽  
Dārta Kaupe ◽  
Māris Laiviņš
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Broad Leaved Species

Abstract Climate forecasts indicate that in the future the climate will become more and more suitable for growth of broad-leaved tree species in Latvia. It is therefore very important to recognise and understand the growth potential of these broad-leaved stands in Latvia and the factors affecting the increment of growing stock. The results of the study showed high volume yield, as already 60- to 80-year-old stand stock could reach 500–600 m3·ha-1, and in later years even 700–1000 m3·ha-1. Similarly, the results of our study showed that the increment of the stock and growth potential of individual forest elements varied significantly between the various broad-leaved species. Significant factors were the age of the forest stand or forest element (a set of trees of the same species, in one layer and belonging to one generation), the indicators of competition (basal area and/or relative density) and the indicators of the social status of the forest element, namely, the ratio of the mean diameter of the forest element and the mean diameter of the dominant species of the upper layer of the stand and the sum of the basal area of the larger forest elements). No significant differences were found in growing stock and growth potential between monospecies and mixed stands and between simple and complex stands, neither at the level of the stands, nor at the level of the individual forest element.

scholarly journals Holzerntepotenzial im Schweizer Wald: Simulation von Bewirtschaftungsszenarien

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golo Stadelmann ◽  
Anne Herold ◽  
Markus Didion ◽  
Beatriz Vidondo ◽  
Andres Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Base Scenario ◽  
Harvesting Costs

Timber-harvesting potential of Swiss forests: simulation of management scenarios Growing stock in Swiss forests has, during the past 10 years, increased by 3% overall, with large regional variation. The increase in Alpine regions has been considerable, while growing stock has decreased on the Plateau. We simulated 5 different 100-year management scenarios with the forest development model Massimo. In the base scenario “constant growing stock”, 7.7 million m3 of merchantable timber could be harvesting annually. In the scenario “increasing growing stock”, the harvesting potential was lower (6.3 million m3), but it was higher in the scenarios “continually high increment” (7.8 million m3), “high demand for coniferous timber“ (8.5 million m3) and “high demand for wood fuel or chemical timber” (8.1 million m3). With time, timber-harvesting costs increase for all scenarios, with the least increase for the base scenario. If the prevailing management system continues (scenario “increasing growing stock”), stands will become denser and growing stock increase, with the risk of more disturbances, e.g. wind, snow-breakage, or bark beetles. In the Plateau, however, the regional overuse of recent decades could limit the overall timber-harvesting potential. In Alpine regions, stabilizing growing stock (scenario “constant growing stock”) could improve the resistance of forests, but the harvesting costs per cubic meter might be higher. These management scenarios provide decision makers with indications of how particular forest management strategies could affect the development of growing stock, harvesting amounts and costs.

Growth, yield, and structure of extended rotation Pinus resinosa stands in Minnesota, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Brian J. Palik ◽  
Christel C. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Ecological Objectives

Extended rotations are increasingly used to meet ecological objectives on forestland; however, information about long-term growth and yield of these systems is lacking for most forests in North America. Additionally, long-term growth responses to repeated thinnings in older stands have received little attention. We addressed these needs by examining the growth and yield of red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.) in a growing stock experiment in northern Minnesota. Stands were 85 years old at the onset of this experiment and were repeatedly thinned to five levels of basal area (13.8, 18.4, 23.0, 27.5, and 32.1 m2·ha–1) over 58 years. Cumulative volume production and volume growth were lowest within the lowest stocking treatment and similar across other stocking levels. Late-successional structural attributes, such as the density of trees with ≥40 cm diameter at breast height, was similar across stocking levels. The mean annual volume growth culminated between 130 and 140 years. Additionally, positive growth responses were observed within the highest stocking-level treatments after thinning at 138 years, demonstrating the ability of older red pine to respond to reductions in competition. These results illustrate that extended rotations with repeated thinnings in red pine help achieve ecological goals, including the restoration of old-forest structure, while also maintaining high levels of stand productivity.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF BORON ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OFF-SEASON CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS) IN ARGHAKHANCHI, NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Srijana Pandey ◽  
Sapana Parajuli ◽  
Biplov Oli ◽  
Surya Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Different Doses

The research was conducted at Beltari Sandhikharka-10, Arghakhanchi district to study about the effect of various doses of boron on growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) during off-season from February to June in 2020. Five treatments; B0 (control/no application), B1: 2kg/ha, B2: 4kg/ha, B3: 6kg/ha, B4: 8kg/ha which are the different doses of boron application were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves per plant leaf length and leaf breadth of largest leaf were recorded multiple times with 15 days interval. Days to curd initiation and Days from curd initiation to harvest were recorded by regular field observation. The yield parameters; curd weight with leaves, Marketable curd weight, average curd yield, incidence of hollowing were recorded during harvest. The economics from application of boron doses in cauliflower production was obtained in terms of cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns, and benefit cost ratio. The result showed that the growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower were significantly affected by application of boron in which the value of these parameters was found significantly higher in B1 followed by other treatments. The average curd yield of cauliflower in B1 was found to be 12.39 mt/ha which was 48.92% higher than that of B0 with curd yield 8.32 mt/ha. Similarly, the net return was found significantly the highest in B1 and the lowest in B0. The result showed that application of boron in the range of 2-4 kg/ha is preferred to control and higher doses in respect of both productivity and economics.

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