scholarly journals Glaciochemical reconnaissance of a new ice core from Severnaya Zemlya, Eurasian Arctic

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (172) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Weiler ◽  
Hubertus Fischer ◽  
Diedrich Fritzsche ◽  
Urs Ruth ◽  
Frank Wilhelms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Siberian Arctic ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Severnaya Zemlya ◽  
Combustion Processes

AbstractA deep ice core has been drilled on Akademii Nauk ice cap, Severnaya Zemlya, Eurasian Arctic. High-resolution chemical analysis has been carried out for the upper 53 m of this ice core to study its potential as an atmospheric aerosol archive, despite strong meltwater percolation. These records show that a seasonal atmospheric signal cannot be deduced. However, strong year-to-year variations have allowed the core to be dated, and a mean annual net mass balance of 0.46 m w.e. a-1 was deduced. The chemical signature of an extraordinarily high peak in electrical conductivity at 26 m depth pointed clearly to the eruption of Bezymianny, Kamchatka, in 1956. However, in general, peaks in the electrical conductivity are not necessarily related to deposition of volcanogenic sulphur aerosol. In contrast, maximum sulphate and nitrate concentrations in the ice could be related to maximum SO2 and NOx anthropogenic emissions in the 1970s, probably caused by the nickel- and copper-producing industries in Norilsk and on the Kola peninsula or by industrial combustion processes occurring in the Siberian Arctic. In addition, during recent decades sulphate and nitrate concentrations declined by 80% and 60%, respectively, reflecting a decrease in anthropogenic pollution of the Arctic basin.

scholarly journals A 275 year ice-core record from Akademii Nauk ice cap, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diedrich Fritzsche ◽  
Rainer Schütt ◽  
Hanno Meyer ◽  
Heinz Miller ◽  
Frank Wilhelms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Core Section ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Severnaya Zemlya

AbstractBetween 1999 and 2001, a 724 m long ice core was drilled on Akademii Nauk, the largest glacier on Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic. The drilling site is located near the summit. The core is characterized by high melt-layer content. The melt layers are caused by melting and even by rain during the summer. We present high-resolution data of density, electrical conductivity (dielectrical profiling), stable water isotopes and melt-layer content for the upper 136m (120 m w.e.) of the ice core. The dating by isotopic cycles and electrical conductivity peak identification suggests that this core section covers approximately the past 275 years. Singularities of volcanogenic and anthropogenic origin provide well-defined additional time markers. Long-term temperatures inferred from 12 year running mean averages of δ18O reach their lowest level in the entire record around 1790. Thereafter the δ18O values indicate a continuously increasing mean temperature on the Akademii Nauk ice cap until 1935, interrupted only by minor cooling episodes. The 20th century is found to be the warmest period in this record.

scholarly journals Historical black carbon deposition in the Canadian High Arctic: a <i>></i>250-year long ice-core record from Devon Island

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 12345-12361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Zdanowicz ◽  
Bernadette C. Proemse ◽  
Ross Edwards ◽  
Wang Feiteng ◽  
Chad M. Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coal Burning ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Devon Ice Cap ◽  
Ice Core Record

Abstract. Black carbon aerosol (BC), which is emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources (e.g., wildfires, coal burning), can contribute to magnify climate warming at high latitudes by darkening snow- and ice-covered surfaces, and subsequently lowering their albedo. Therefore, modeling the atmospheric transport and deposition of BC to the Arctic is important, and historical archives of BC accumulation in polar ice can help to validate such modeling efforts. Here we present a > 250-year ice-core record of refractory BC (rBC) deposition on Devon ice cap, Canada, spanning the years from 1735 to 1992. This is the first such record ever developed from the Canadian Arctic. The estimated mean deposition flux of rBC on Devon ice cap for 1963–1990 is 0.2 mg m−2 a−1, which is at the low end of estimates from Greenland ice cores obtained using the same analytical method ( ∼ 0.1–4 mg m−2 a−1). The Devon ice cap rBC record also differs from the Greenland records in that it shows only a modest increase in rBC deposition during the 20th century. In the Greenland records a pronounced rise in rBC is observed from the 1880s to the 1910s, which is largely attributed to midlatitude coal burning emissions. The deposition of contaminants such as sulfate and lead increased on Devon ice cap in the 20th century but no concomitant rise in rBC is recorded in the ice. Part of the difference with Greenland could be due to local factors such as melt–freeze cycles on Devon ice cap that may limit the detection sensitivity of rBC analyses in melt-impacted core samples, and wind scouring of winter snow at the coring site. Air back-trajectory analyses also suggest that Devon ice cap receives BC from more distant North American and Eurasian sources than Greenland, and aerosol mixing and removal during long-range transport over the Arctic Ocean likely masks some of the specific BC source–receptor relationships. Findings from this study suggest that there could be a large variability in BC aerosol deposition across the Arctic region arising from different transport patterns. This variability needs to be accounted for when estimating the large-scale albedo lowering effect of BC deposition on Arctic snow/ice.

scholarly journals Changes in Eurasian glaciation during the past century: glacier mass balance and ice-core evidence

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Mikhalenko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Glacier Ice

Glaciers of both the Arctic and mid-latitude mountain systems within Eurasia have retreated intensively during the past century. Measured and reconstructed glacier mass balances show that glacier retreat began around the 1880s. The mean annual mass-balance value for 1880–1990 was −480 mm a−1 for glaciers with maritime climatic conditions, and −140 mm a−1 for continental glaciers. It can be concluded that warming in the Caucasus occurred during at least the last 60 years, according to the distribution of crystal sizes in an ice core from the Dzhantugan firn plateau. Temperatures measured in 1962 at 20 m on the Gregoriev ice cap, Tien Shan, were −4.2°C while in 1990 they were −2°C, a warming of 2.2°C over 28 years. Changes in the isotopic composition of glacier ice during the 20th century indicate recent and continuing warming in different regions of Eurasia. The δ18O records reveal an enrichment at the Gregoriev ice cap during the last 50 years, while surface temperatures at the Tien Shan meteorological station have increased 0.5°C since 1930.

scholarly journals Pollen and Isotope Investigations of an Ice Core from Vavilov Ice Cap, October Revolution Island, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russia

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Andreev ◽  
Vladimir I. Nikolaev ◽  
Dmitrii Yu. Boi’sheiyanov ◽  
Vladimir N. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Ground Ice ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
Severnaya Zemlya

SUMMARY The Vavilov Ice Cap (79°27'N, 95° 21'E) was cored during February and March of 1988. The corer passed through 457.18 m of glacier ice, 2.15 m of moraine-containing ice, and 2.28 m of underlying rocks. Structural-stratigraphical and isotope analysis show the glacier ice is of Holocene in age; the ice layer covered by frozen deposits is Pleistocene glacier ice; and the ground (ice wedge?) ice from underlying sediments was formed during the Last Interglacial. Palynological studies of this core, carried out for the first time in the Russian Arctic demonstrate that the pollen spectra have a unique pattern. It reduces the possibility of correlation between the Vavilov Ice Cape spectra and pollen spectra from other surficial deposits, because the ice retains pollen and spores brought from enormous distances. Only the upper 65 m of the core is easily dated, to the last millennium, by the presence of cereals, Plantago lanceolata, Centaurea cyanus, Cannabis pollen. That is in good agreement with the model of age distribution based upon depth. The presence of considerable amounts of Tilia cordifolia pollen, a West-European species in the upper layers suggests that summer air masses have been dominantly from the southwest during the last 500 years. The pollen data do not contradict the conclusion the Vavilov ice core is composed of a section of Holocene ice, moraine-containing ice representing the Pleistocene episode, and a ground ice formed during an earlier warm period (Last Interglacial?).

scholarly journals Surge development in the western sector of the Vavilov Ice Cap, Severnaya Zemlya, 1963–2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-306
Author(s):  
I. S. Bushueva ◽  
A. F. Glazovsky ◽  
G. A. Nosenko
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Severnaya Zemlya

The glaciers and ice caps in the Arctic are experiencing noticeable changes which are manifested, in particular, in the intensification of their dynamic instability. In this paper we present data on a largescale surge in the Western basin of the Vavilov ice dome on the archipelago Severnaya Zemlya, derived from satellite images and supplemented by airborne RES-2014 and available publications. Analysis of 28 space images of 1963–2017 demonstrated that the surge developed over the whole period. In the fi st decade (1963–1973), the advance was very slow – from 2–5 to 12 m/year. Since the 1980-ies, the ice movement began to accelerate from tens to a hundred of meters per a year in the 2000-ies. The sudden change happened in the year 2012 when the surge front began to move already at speeds of about 0.5 km/year. In 2015, the volume of advanced part reached almost 4 km3. Maximal speed 9.2 km/year was recorded in 2016. From 1963 to 2017, the edge of the glacier advanced by 11.7 km, and its area increased by 134.1 km2 (by 47% relative to the basin area of 1963), that caused spreading of crevasse zone up the glacier. Surface speeds reached a maximum of 25.4 m/day in 2016 and decreased to 7.6 m/day in 2017. The authors suggest that the initial activation of the southern and western edges of the ice dome could be a reaction to the climate signal, possibly occurred several centuries ago. The ice crevassing and cryo-hydrological warming of ice, enhanced by positive feedback, resulted in instability of the glacier and the displacement of the edge of the ice belt containing moraine and frozen to the bed, which transformed into a catastrophic movement. The surge was facilitated by change of bedrock conditions as the ice lobe progressed offshore from permafrost coastal zone to the area of loose marine bottom sediments with low shear strength. The surge seems to be also stimulated by anomalously warm summer of 2012.

scholarly journals Historical black carbon deposition in the Canadian High Arctic: A 190-year long ice-core record from Devon Island

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Zdanowicz ◽  
Bernadette C. Proemse ◽  
Ross Edwards ◽  
Wang Feiteng ◽  
Chad M. Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Coal Burning ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Devon Ice Cap ◽  
Ice Core Record

Abstract. Black carbon aerosol (BC) emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources (e.g., wildfires, coal burning) can contribute to magnify climate warming at high latitudes by darkening snow- and ice-covered surfaces, thus lowering their albedo. Modeling the atmospheric transport and deposition of BC to the Arctic is therefore important, and historical archives of BC accumulation in polar ice can help to validate such modeling efforts. Here we present a 190-year ice-core record of refractory BC (rBC) deposition on Devon ice cap, Canada, spanning calendar years 1810–1990, the first such record ever developed from the Canadian Arctic. The estimated mean deposition flux of rBC on Devon ice cap for 1963–1990 is 0.2 mg m−2 a−1, which is low compared to most Greenland ice-core sites over the same period. The Devon ice cap rBC record also differs from existing Greenland records in that it shows no evidence of a substantial increase in rBC deposition during the early-mid 20th century, which, for Greenland, has been attributed to mid-latitude coal burning emissions. The deposition of other contaminants such as sulfate and Pb increased on Devon ice cap in the 20th century but without a concomitant rise in rBC. Part of the difference with Greenland may be due to local factors such as wind scouring of winter snow at the coring site on Devon ice cap. Air back-trajectory analyses also suggest that Devon ice cap receives BC from more distant North American and Eurasian sources than Greenland, and aerosol mixing and removal during long-range transport over the Arctic Ocean likely masks some of the specific BC source-receptor relationships. Findings from this study underscore the large variability in BC aerosol deposition across the Arctic region that may arise from different transport patterns. This variability needs to be accounted for when estimating the large-scale albedo lowering effect of BC deposition on Arctic snow/ice.

scholarly journals AMS and Microprobe Analysis of Combusted Particles in Ice and Snow

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Biegalski ◽  
L. A. Currie ◽  
R. A. Fletcher ◽  
G. A. Klouda ◽  
Rolland Weissenbök
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Individual Particle ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
History Of ◽  
Combustion Processes

Ice cores and snow pits of the cryosphere contain particles that detail the history of past atmospheric air compositions. Some of these particles result from combustion processes and have undergone long-range transport to arrive in the Arctic. Recent research has focused on the separation of particulate matter from ice and snow, as well as the subsequent analysis of the separated particles for 14C with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and for individual particle compositions with laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA). The very low particulate concentrations in Arctic samples make these measurements a challenge. The first task is to separate the particles from the ice core. Two major options exist to accomplish this separation. One option is to melt the ice and then filter the meltwater. A second option is to sublimate the ice core directly, depositing the particles onto a surface. This work demonstrates that greater control is obtained through sublimation. A suite of analytical methods has been used for the measurement of the carbon in snow and ice. Total carbon was analyzed with a carbon/nitrogen/hydrogen (CHN) analyzer. AMS was used for the determination of carbon isotopes. Since source identification of the carbonaceous particles is of primary importance here, the use of LAMMA was incorporated to link individual particle molecular-structural patterns to the same group of particles that were measured by the other techniques. Prior to this study, neither AMS nor LAMMA had been applied to particles contained in snow. This paper discusses the development and limitations of the methodology required to make these measurements.

scholarly journals Halogen-based reconstruction of Russian Arctic sea ice area from the Akademii Nauk ice core (Severnaya Zemlya)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4407-4436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spolaor ◽  
T. Opel ◽  
J. R. McConnell ◽  
O. J. Maselli ◽  
G. Spreen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Spring Sea Ice ◽  
Severnaya Zemlya

Abstract. The role of sea ice in the Earth climate system is still under debate, although it is known to influence albedo, ocean circulation, and atmosphere-ocean heat and gas exchange. Here we present a reconstruction of AD 1950 to 1998 sea ice in the Laptev Sea based on the Akademii Nauk ice core (Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic). The halogens bromine (Br) and iodine (I) are strongly influenced by sea ice processes. Bromine reacts with the sea ice surface in auto-catalyzing "Bromine explosion" events causing an enrichment of the Br / Na ratio and the bromine excess (Brexc) in snow compared to that in seawater. Iodine is emitted from algal communities growing under sea ice. The results suggest a connection between Brexc and spring sea ice area, as well as a connection between iodine concentration and summer sea ice area. These two halogens are therefore good candidates for extended reconstructions of past sea ice changes in the Arctic.

scholarly journals The nature of regional magnetic anomalies in the northeast of the Barents-Kara continental margin based on the results of seismic data interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
E.V. Shipilov ◽  
◽  
L.I. Lobkovsky ◽  
S.I. Shkarubo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method ◽  
Anna Trough ◽  
Seismic Sections ◽  
Severnaya Zemlya

Based on the interpretation of seismic sections via seismic reflection method, the lines of which intersect the positive magnetic anomalies in the St. Anna Trough and on the North Kara Shelf, the authors have substantiated the position of the Early Cretaceous dike belt in the north of the Barents-Kara platform for the first time. They traced the belt from the arch-block elevation of arch. Franz Josef Land, which belongs to the Svalbard platе through the Saint Anna Trough and further into the Kara platе to arch. Severnaya Zemlya. The distinguished dyke belt has discordant relationships with the structural-tectonic plan of the region under consideration. The authors illustrate the manifestations of dyke magmatism in the marked tectonic elements in seismic sections, and conclude that the dyke belt relates to the formation of the structural system of the Arctic basin.

scholarly journals A comparison of radio-echo sounding data and electrical conductivity of the GRIP ice core

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (154) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Hempel ◽  
Franz Thyssen ◽  
Niels Gundestrup ◽  
Henrik B. Clausen ◽  
Heinz Miller
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
Core Project ◽  
Echo Sounding

AbstractThe depth of reflecting layers in Arctic ice sheets has been determined by electromagnetic echo sounding, using a varying distance between transmitter and receiver to determine the radar wave velocity. The depth of the radar reflecting layers is compared with a profile of electrical conductivity measurements (ECMs) from the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core, in order to determine the velocity of the radar waves in the ice cap. By using several reflecting layers, it is possible to isolate the firn correction of the wave velocity and to estimate the accuracy of the calculated electromagnetic wave velocity. The measured firn correction is compared with the correction calculated from the density profile, and a comparison between the depth profiles of ECM and radar based on the corrected electromagnetic wave velocity is presented. This profile shows that acid layers, which originate from major volcanic eruptions, show up as reflecting radar horizons.

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