scholarly journals Theory and Laboratory Observations of Naled Ice Growth

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (111) ◽  
pp. 168-177
Author(s):  
G. A. Schohl ◽  
R. Ettema
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Laboratory Flume ◽  
Equilibrium Length ◽  
The Times ◽  
Data Length ◽  
Composite Description

AbstractBased on observations of naleds (also called aufeis or icings) grown in a refrigerated laboratory flume, a detailed, composite description of the processes associated with naled ice growth is presented. A spread length is derived that represents a mass balance between the water supplied to a naled’s surface and the ice that freezes on to the surface. Herein, this spread length is termed an equilibrium length. Guided by this concept of equilibrium length and the laboratory data, length- and time-scales applicable to the growth of two-dimensional naleds are proposed. These scales proved useful for normalizing the times and streamwise lengths that correspond to distinct phases of naled ice growth. It is observed that, even in a laboratory flume, naleds spread and thicken in a complex, layer-by-layer manner.To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported laboratory study on naled ice growth. The descriptions and concepts presented herein should be useful to engineers concerned with the effects of naleds on engineering works, and of interest to those who are planning experiments on naleds.

scholarly journals Theory and Laboratory Observations of Naled Ice Growth

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (111) ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Schohl ◽  
R. Ettema
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Laboratory Flume ◽  
Equilibrium Length ◽  
The Times ◽  
Data Length ◽  
Composite Description

AbstractBased on observations of naleds (also calledaufeisor icings) grown in a refrigerated laboratory flume, a detailed, composite description of the processes associated with naled ice growth is presented. A spread length is derived that represents a mass balance between the water supplied to a naled’s surface and the ice that freezes on to the surface. Herein, this spread length is termed an equilibrium length. Guided by this concept of equilibrium length and the laboratory data, length- and time-scales applicable to the growth of two-dimensional naleds are proposed. These scales proved useful for normalizing the times and streamwise lengths that correspond to distinct phases of naled ice growth. It is observed that, even in a laboratory flume, naleds spread and thicken in a complex, layer-by-layer manner.To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported laboratory study on naled ice growth. The descriptions and concepts presented herein should be useful to engineers concerned with the effects of naleds on engineering works, and of interest to those who are planning experiments on naleds.

Dynamics of indicators of reparative regeneration of the oral mucosa in patients with lichen planus

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
I. V. Firsova ◽  
S. V. Poroiskiy ◽  
Yu. A. Makedonova ◽  
Yu. M. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Reparative Regeneration ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Sandwich Technique ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions ◽  
Chronic Course

Relevance: red lichen planus refers to a long, protracted disease with a chronic course. There are a lot of root causes, it is quite difficult to differentiate them. Therefore, pharmacotherapy of this pathology is reduced to the appointment of local drugs that have only symptomatic effects that help accelerate the healing of the oral mucosa.Purpose – to study reparative regeneration based on the analysis of clinical and cytological examination on the background of the appointment of various methods of pharmacotherapy.Materials and methods: all patients were divided into two groups using simple randomization: in patients of the first group, betamethasone B was used to treat erosive-ulcerative lesions, which were delivered to the lesion using Tisol, which has conductive transcutaneous activity, using the sandwich technique. The second group of patients used the drug delivery system in the form of a film, which fixed betamethasone B in the lesion area.Results: were evaluated before treatment, on day 7 and 14. The area and intensity of healing of the oral mucosa were determined, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of cytograms was carried out, which characterizes the dynamics of reparative regeneration of erosions and ulcers.Conclusion: based on the obtained clinical and laboratory data, it can be concluded that it is advisable to include betamethasone applications in the pharmacotherapy of patients with erosive and ulcerative forms of lichen planus. However, preference should be given to the method of layer-by-layer application of betamethasone B in combination with Tezol.  

Silencing Red Blood Cell Recognition toward Anti-A Antibody by Means of Polyelectrolyte Layer-by-Layer Assembly in a Two-Dimensional Model System†

Langmuir ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 14071-14078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sania Mansouri ◽  
Julien Fatisson ◽  
Zhimei Miao ◽  
Yahye Merhi ◽  
Françoise M. Winnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Model System ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Cell Recognition ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Layer Assembly

scholarly journals Implementation of a two-dimensional barcode in the preanalytic phase

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrill Müller ◽  
Joachim Singer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Data Transmission System ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Secure Transmission

The automation process in the preanalytic phase of the laboratory is of increasing interest since there is an increasing discrepancy between the enormous advances in the automation process of the analytical/ postanalytical and the preanalytical phase of the central laboratory. Besides there is need of a secure transmission of the test requests from the clients to the central laboratory. We started a project together with other supra-regional laboratories in Germany in order to develop and establish a secure and robust data transmission system for the transmission of clinical data and laboratory information to the central laboratory. Based on common standards for laboratory data transmission and using a two dimensional barcode we developed an offline usable open source standard. Our project and the members of our project group may be a basis for the development and establishment of a standardized catalogue of laboratory methods and laboratory analyses in Germany in the near future.

Dense SnS2 Nanoplates Vertically Anchored on Graphene Aerogel for Pseudocapacitive Sodium Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Guo ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Linpeng Yu ◽  
Chunyu Guo ◽  
Peiguang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Graphene Aerogel ◽  
Sodium Storage ◽  
Electrochemical Energy

Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures that combine advantages of individual components and overcome the associated drawbacks show great prospects for electrochemical energy storage. However, the prevailing layer-by-layer horizontal 2D stacks with tortuous...

Die Brücke [The Bridge]

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Technical Institute ◽  
New Era ◽  
Dimensional Effect ◽  
The Future ◽  
Leave Of Absence ◽  
German Art ◽  
The Times

Convinced that art should be an expression of life representing the vitality of the times, four architecture students in Dresden joined together to found Die Brücke [The Bridge] in 1905. The name, suggested by one of their founding members, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, reflected their intention to provide a bridge between the art of previous generations and that of the new era of the twentieth century. As the initiator of Die Brücke and its chief spokesman, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner had the audacious idea of renewing German art. He was joined by Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, fellow students studying at Dresden’s Technische Hochschule [Dresden Technical Institute]. In preceding years, both Kirchner, who had taken leave of absence to study art, and Bleyl had been working on woodcuts influenced heavily by the earlier Jugendstil. While Bleyl remained interested in the illusion of space, Kirchner had begun to simplify his style to include greater planarity, with jagged lines providing delineation and contour, creating a two-dimensional effect that was already indicative of his signature stylistic innovations of the future.

Stress Driven Patterning of Epitaxial Films

1993 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Grinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Epitaxial Films ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Lattice ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Periodic Spacing

ABSTRACTWe study possible morphologies of epitaxial films atop attractive substrates appearing as a result of competition of misfit stresses, van der Waals forces and surface energy. Corresponding formula for the critical thickness of the dislocation-free Stranski-Krastanov pattern is established for the isotropic deformable films and substrates. If the film thickness exceeds the critical magnitude the layer-by-layer pattern switches to islanding. At the first stage the islands have a shape of striae (i.e. long parallel trenches with periodic spacing). We discuss also i)the circumstances in which surface morphology of the film corresponds to a two-dimensional superlattice of islands rather than a one dimensional lattice of striae and ii)the influence of a buffer inter-layer.

scholarly journals Structural diversity induced by ligand geometry: From two-dimensional to three-dimensional coordination polymers with pyridine

2020 ◽  
pp. 174751982096816
Author(s):  
Fang-Kuo Wang ◽  
Shi-Yao Yang ◽  
Hua-Ze Dong
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Benzenetricarboxylic Acid

Two coordination polymers with two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures are, {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n (1) (H2bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) and [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n (2) (H3btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), synthesized by hot-solution reactions of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, pyridine (py) and two different ligands in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n exhibits two-dimensional networks with trizinc subunits [Zn3(COO)6py2] stacking with a layer-by-layer alignment, and there are strong π–π interactions involving py from adjacent layers. [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n has a three-dimensional structure containing two independent zinc ions, tetrahedral ZnO4 and octahedral ZnNO5. Based on X-ray studies, the coordination polymers {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n (1) have a porous structure with NMP guest molecules. In contrast, X-ray studies revealed that coordination polymer [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n (2) had a larger void that was inhabited by coordinated py and NMP. In addition, the form of the two coordination polymers changed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional with transformation of the ligand geometry.

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