Behavioral and physiological responses of different genetic lines of free-range broiler raised on a semi-intensive system

The present study evaluated performance, physiological response and economics of commercial fast growing (CFG), commercial slow growing (CSG), and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens under intensive and free-range rearing environments. After 21 days of rearing under the same intensive environment 240 birds from each strain were subjected to free-range and intensive rearing until they were 56 days old. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds in each replicate. Body surface and cloacal temperatures, respiration and heart rates, feed intake, bodyweight and weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, growth efficiency, and liveability were recorded. Significant differences among strains were detected in physiological response and growth performance (except liveability). Rearing environment also caused significant differences in physiological parameters (except body surface temperature) and growth performance (except liveability). Significant interactions of the strains and production systems were detected. The CFG strain grew most rapidly under the intensive system with differences between strains being reduced in the free-range system. The RSG and CSG strains had similar respiration rates under the two production systems but differed significantly from each other. However, the CFG strain had a significantly elevated respiration rate in the free-range system. Total input cost of rearing CFG under the intensive system was highest ($3.54) among the treatments, whereas CSG under a free-range environment generated the highest profit ($0.37 per bird). In conclusion, rearing CSG under free range was the most economic farming strategy in today’s scenario.Keywords: economics, fast-growing, free range, growth, intensive system, physiology, slow-growing rural chickens

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A retrospective study of Newcastle disease in Kenya

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-019-02059-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 699-710 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Auleria A. Apopo ◽

Henry M. Kariithi ◽

Leonard O. Ateya ◽

Yatinder S. Binepal ◽

Jane H. Sirya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease ◽

Production Systems ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Diagnostic System ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Free Range ◽

Intensive System ◽

Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is a major constraint to Kenya’s poultry production, which is comprised of approximately 80% indigenous chickens (ICs; caged and free-range system) and 20% exotic chickens (intensive system). This study analyzed cases reported as suspected ND in Kenya between 2005 and 2015. Of the suspected 332 ND reported cases from the three production systems in 27 locations within six Kenyan Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs), 140 diagnosed as infected with avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOaV-1; formerly Newcastle disease virus) were present in every year in all AEZs. The numbers of AOaV-1-positive cases differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the production systems across the years depending on the season, climate, and location. In the free-range system, both ambient temperatures and season associated significantly (p = 0.001 and 0.02, respectively) with the number of cases, while in the intensive and caged systems, the positive cases correlated significantly with season and relative humidity, respectively (p = 0.05). Regardless of the production systems, the numbers of clinically sick birds positively correlated with the ambient temperatures (r = 0.6; p < 0.05). Failure to detect AOaV-1 in 58% of the ND cases reported, and mortalities exceeding the observed numbers of clinically sick birds suggest deficiencies in the current ND reporting and diagnostic system. Intensive farmers were the slowest in reporting the cases and diagnostic deficiencies were most evident by failure to test the exposure of ICs to natural infection with AOaV-1 and for the AOaV-1-negative cases lack of testing for other pathogens and/or AOaV-1 variants. This study indicates a need for improved surveillance and diagnostics in Kenyan domestic poultry.

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Use of alternative tiles in the free-range broilers rearing: thermal environment, productive performance and physiological responses

Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology ◽

10.31893/jabb.21008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Mônica Patrícia Maciel ◽

Cinara da Cunha Siqueira Carvalho ◽

Felipe Shindy Aiura ◽

Auriclécia Lopes de Oliveira Aiura ◽

Camila Maida de Albuquerque Maranhão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Environment ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Free Range

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Morfometrik Ayam Broiler dengan Pemeliharaan Intensif dan Akses Free Range di Daerah Tropis

Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan ◽

10.29244/jipthp.7.2.75-80 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

I. Rahayu H. S. ◽

S. Darwati ◽

A. Mu'iz

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chicken ◽

Chest Circumference ◽

Frame Size ◽

Male And Female ◽

Free Range ◽

The Third ◽

Intensive System

Broiler developed to produce meat in a fast manner. Generally, broiler reared by intensive system. Rearing system can be split into two kinds, intensive and free-range rearing system. The aim of this research was assessing the morphometric size of male and female broiler which are raised under intensive and free-range systems. Rearing systems was not have influence on the morphometric size of the chicken except in the length of the tibia, femur, and wing on the third week. Sex have real impact on the length of shank, tibia, wings, femur, and chest circumference, and also significantly affect the width and depth of the chest, neck, and spine lenght in fifth week. Rearing systems both intensive and free-range produced same frame size on broiler chicken.

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The effect of genotype and housing system on production results of fattening chickens

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah0904221p ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (3-4) ◽

pp. 221-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zlatica Pavlovski ◽

Z. Skrbic ◽

M. Lukic ◽

V. Petricevic ◽

S. Trenkovski

Keyword(s):

Food Deprivation ◽

Housing System ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Male And Female ◽

Production Index ◽

Free Range ◽

Mineral Additive ◽

Traditional Processing ◽

Ground Corn ◽

Intensive System

Investigation was carried out on 500 Arbor Acres and Redbro chickens. First group of 30 male and female chickens per genotype was slaughtered after 12 h period of food deprivation. Second group remained in the facility and was fattened until 50. day. Third group was reared for 50 days but in a semi intensive system, with use of 20 m? and free range area of 1 m?/bird. Nutrition was based on mixture of ground corn, barley, vitamins mineral additive and 30% of complete forage mixture. All chickens, subsequent to finished fattening period (50 days) were weighed and after 12 h food deprivation period were slaughtered. Arbor Acres chickens at the age of 42 days had lower mortality (3.80%), better feed conversion (1.868) and higher realized value of production index (206.73) compared to Redbro chickens. Chickens reared in the facility have realized considerably higher body mass (1820.33 g) compared to free range chickens (1667.50 g). Chickens at the age of 50 days had higher carcass yield compared to chickens at the age of 42 days. Carcass yields 'traditional processing' and 'ready to roast' were considerably higher in chickens at the age of 50 days (83.53 and 76.59) compared to carcass yields of chickens at the age of 42 days (82.61 and 75.68). Chickens reared in the facility (chicken coop) (83.86) had higher carcass yields 'traditional processing' than free range chickens. Other yields in chickens were considerably higher in chickens reared in the facility (76.56 and 67.13) than in free range chickens (75.76 and 65.45). .

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Effect of Production System (Intensive and Free-Range), Slaughter Age and Gender on Nutrient and Fatty Acid Composition of Meat in Partridges (Alectoris chukar)

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v9i4.745-754.4120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 745-754

Author(s):

Mehmet Akif Boz ◽

Fatih Öz ◽

Musa Sarıca ◽

Umut Sami Yamak

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Production System ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Free Range ◽

Slaughter Age ◽

And Gender ◽

Intensive System

This study was conducted to determine the effect of production system, slaughter age, and gender on the nutrient composition, fatty acids profile, and index values of breast and thigh meat in Alectoris chukar partridges. Partridges were slaughtered at 14, 16, and 18 weeks of age and skinless breast and thigh meat of male and female were used in the study (a total of 96 samples in 2 replicates). The production system affected only the crude fat level of the thigh meat in terms of nutrient composition and it was found higher in the intensive system compared to the free-range system. Age and gender did not significantly affect the composition of breast and thigh meat. In terms of fatty acid profile, erucic acid (C22:1n9) level in breast meat was higher in intensive system, while it was higher in thigh meat in free-range. While the percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) increased with age in breast meat, it decreased in thigh meat with age. While eicosenoic acid (C20:1) percentage was higher in breast meat of male birds compared to females, only stearic acid (C18:0) was found to be higher in thigh meat. Saturated fatty acids (SFA), linolenic acid (n3), thrombogenic index (TI) and atherogenic index (AI) values were higher in thigh meat produced in free-range system, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), linoleic acid (n6) and hypocholesterolaemic / hypercholesterolaemic ratio (h/H) were significantly higher in intensive system. While SFA and TI levels in thigh meat decreased with age, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), UFA and oleic acid (n9) percentages increased. MUFA / SFA in thigh meat of females was higher than males, other indexes were found insignificant. The results shows that partridges had desirable fatty acid composition. Especially, the increase in MUFA and UFA values with age in thigh meat compared to breast indicates that thigh meat is enriched in terms of unsaturated fatty acids. However, the higher SFA and AI values obtained in the free-range system could be considered a negative outcome for alternative production systems that prioritize bird welfare and consumer demands.

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The effects of season and rearing systems on meat quality traits

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/3953-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 369-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. Bogosavljević-Bosković ◽

V. Kurćubić ◽

M. Petrović ◽

V. Dosković

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Summer Season ◽

Muscular Tissue ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Free Range ◽

Meat Quality Traits ◽

Broiler Meat Quality ◽

Intensive System

With the aim to examine the effect of season and rearing system on major broiler meat quality traits appropriate experimental investigations were conducted. Trial material included a total of 800 one-day-old broilers of the Hybro line hybrid. The experiment was organized in two replications, as trial I (conducted in the spring season) and trial II (conducted in the summer season). Two broiler fattening methods were employed, the intensive and semi-intensive one (using free-range rearing). The experimental chicks were slaughtered after seven weeks of fattening. Following the fattening period, 60 broilers (30 broilers from each experimental group) were chosen at random and slaughtered, with the aim of examining major broiler meat quality traits. At the slaughter line, determination of meat quantitative traits was done accompanied by sampling for chemical analyses. The rearing systems (intensive and semi-intensive system) affected significantly (P < 0.05) the proportion of class I meat in the broilers reared under the semi-intensive system, whereas in the class II and III meat proportions the rearing system did not exert any statistically significant effect (P > 0.05). The broilers reared under the semi-intensive system had a 1.44% higher proportion of muscular tissue on average than the intensively reared ones (P < 0.01). The bone and skin proportion was 0.82 and 0.67% lower in the broilers reared by the semi-intensive method (P < 0.05). The differences between the results of two trials organised at different seasons were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The broilers reared semi-intensively had a statistically highly significantly higher protein proportion (P < 0.01) in breasts, drumsticks and thighs compared to the intensively reared broilers. The broilers reared in the summer season had higher breast and drumstick proportions (P < 0.01) as well as a higher thigh proportion (P < 0.05). The effect of both the season and the rearing system on the lipid content in the breasts, thighs and drumsticks was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01). The lipid content in the breasts, thighs and drumsticks was higher in the broilers during the summer season as well as in the intensively reared chicken. Finally, having thoroughly examined the research results, or more precisely, considering the established advantages in terms of the meat quality, the use of the free-range broiler rearing system can be deemed scientifically and professionally justifiable.  

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Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium sp. infection among free-range and intensive farm birds in Akure South LGA, Ondo State, Nigeria

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-021-00632-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Akinbode Ayekooto Olonisakin ◽

Titus Adeniyi Olusi

Keyword(s):

Prevalence Rate ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Diarrhoeal Disease ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Free Range ◽

Cryptosporidium Spp ◽

Poultry Birds ◽

Ondo State ◽

Healthy Persons ◽

Intensive System

Abstract Background Cryptosporidium spp. is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis, a diarrhoeal disease of humans and domestic animals. Transmission of Cryptosporidiosis to humans and other animals is by ingestion of oocysts of the parasite and as low as ten oocysts can cause clinical infections in otherwise healthy persons. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis and compare the rate of infection between free range bird and poultry bird reared in Akure South LGA, Ondo State, Nigeria. Result The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium reported in this study was 11.9%. Free-range birds show a higher prevalence rate 13.2% of Cryptosporidium oocysts than 10.9% in poultry birds. Aule recorded the highest prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts infection (16.1%) followed by Ipinsa (12.2%), Onigari (10%), and FUTA (8.1%). The highest prevalence 15.9% was recorded in broilers, while turkey showed no infection (0%) by Cryptosporidium. Semi-intensive system of farming was showed to be more susceptible to Cryptosporidium oocysts infection at 13.3% followed by the 12.6%, 10.3% in deep litter and battery cage. The female birds recorded higher Cryptosporidium oocysts infection (12.2%) than the male (11.6%). Conclusion The study established the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts infection among studied birds in Akure South LG of Ondo State, Nigeria.

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Misophonia: An Evidence-Based Case Report

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-19-00111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 685-690

Author(s):

C. S. Vanaja ◽

Miriam Soni Abigail

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Case Report ◽

Case History ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Management Option ◽

Pure Tone Audiogram

Purpose Misophonia is a sound tolerance disorder condition in certain sounds that trigger intense emotional or physiological responses. While some persons may experience misophonia, a few patients suffer from misophonia. However, there is a dearth of literature on audiological assessment and management of persons with misophonia. The purpose of this report is to discuss the assessment of misophonia and highlight the management option that helped a patient with misophonia. Method A case study of a 26-year-old woman with the complaint of decreased tolerance to specific sounds affecting quality of life is reported. Audiological assessment differentiated misophonia from hyperacusis. Management included retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy based on the principles described by P. J. Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2014). A misophonia questionnaire was administered at regular intervals to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. Results A detailed case history and audiological evaluations including pure-tone audiogram and Johnson Hyperacusis Index revealed the presence of misophonia. The patient benefitted from intervention, and the scores of the misophonia questionnaire indicated a decrease in the severity of the problem. Conclusions It is important to differentially diagnose misophonia and hyperacusis in persons with sound tolerance disorders. Retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy can help patients who suffer from misophonia.

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