scholarly journals A multi-sectoral approach to providing reproductive health information and services to young people in Western Kenya: The Kenya adolescent reproductive health project

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Health Project ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex

Informing adolescents about appropriate and acceptable behaviors, and ways to protect themselves against unwanted and unprotected sex, has proved problematic in Kenya. Education programs for in- and out-of-school adolescents are lacking, there is controversy about providing services to sexually active adolescents, and a pervasive concern that sexuality education and contraceptive services leads to promiscuity. Unbiased and accurate information and services are needed if adolescents are to delay becoming sexually active, to resist pressures to engage in nonconsensual sex, and to protect themselves against unwanted pregnancies and infections if they do have sex. Moreover, strategies for providing such information and services need to be acceptable to the community and sustainable over time. The Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program and the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Kenya office collaborated with three government of Kenya ministries to design and implement a multisectoral project to improve knowledge about reproductive health and encourage a responsible and healthy attitude toward sexuality among adolescents, delay the onset of sexual activity among younger adolescents, and decrease risky behaviors among sexually active adolescents. Three interventions were implemented and evaluated in two districts in Western Province and this report presents findings that directly evaluate and cost the interventions.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF HIV AND AIDS EVENTS IN ADOLESCENTS 14-24 YEARS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Iskandar Arfan ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Anies
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Chi Square

Abstract. Adolescents are associated with risky activities so as to be a group at risk for HIV infection. Associated with the course of HIV infection, can be understood if the infection usually begins when adolescence. The purpose of this study was to prove the influence of the host and environmental factors that influence the incidence of HIV and AIDS in adolescents 14-24 years of age. The design was used a case-control design and reinforced with qualitative studies with the number of respondents was 110 respondents, including 55 cases and 55 controls, were selected by purposive sampling attention to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quantitative data were collected by questionare interview, qualitative data were collected by indepth interview. Analysis of bivariate data using a chi-square test and multivariate data using logistic regression. Factor that proved to affect the incidence of infection HIV and AIDS in adolescents 14-24 years is risky behavior (unprotected sex) (OR = 12.41 and 95% CI = 3.37-45.71), the communication of parents (OR = 11 , 66 and 95% CI = 4.24- 32.07). The analysis also shows that if adolescents experience both of the above, then the chances of being infected with HIV and AIDS is equal to (86%). Factors that are not proven effect is education, residency status, risky behaviors (drug injection), the use of media television/handphone (see porn picture or video), the use of the Internet media (see porn picture or video), the condition of the parents (parents of adolescents in the context complete and not divorce or dead), parental supervision, relationship with parents, peer pressure (sex) and pressure peer (injectable drugs). Risk factors for the incidence of HIV and AIDS among adolescents 14-24 years is risky behavior (unprotected sex) high and communications poor parents, Adolescent expected to always understand about (HIV and AIDS, reproductive health, n drug) to avoid unsafe sex and fill leisure time with sports and positive behaviour. Parents / families are also expected to have knowledge about (HIV and AIDS, reproductive health, n drug) establish communication, attention, rules and open to discuss problems of children.  

scholarly journals Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials and Its Association with Sexual Behaviors of Ambo University Undergraduate Students, 2018

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seifadin Ahmed Shallo ◽  
Wakeshi Willi Mengesha
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sexually Explicit Materials ◽  
Sexually Explicit

BACKGROUND: Among the number of reasons that expose the youth to reproductive health risks, lack of adequate information on sexual and reproductive health issues is of prior concern. Given the lack of readily available information about sexual activity to teens, they turn to media for information about sexual norms and may also use the media as a sexual super-peer that encourages them to be sexually active. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the association between exposure to sexually explicit materials and sexually risky behaviors among undergraduate students of Ambo University, Ethiopia.METHODS: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 university students in 2018. Study participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Self- administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20. Uni-variate, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were done. With 95% CI, the p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as the level of significance.RESULTS: About 55% and 52% of the university students were exposed to sexually explicit electronic materials throughout their life and in the last 12 months prior to data collection period respectively. Searching for sex information was the top reason for why university students resorted to watching sexually explicit materials. Sexually active students, senior students and male students were more likely to engage in watching sexually explicit electronic materials compared to their counterparts.CONCLUSION: A high numbers of university students were being exposed to sexually explicit electronic materials for the sake of searching about sexual and related information. This exposure has a significant association with risky sexual behaviors specifically. We highly recommend that university organize awareness creation forum on the area of sexual health, HIV/AIDS and STI, and related matters.

scholarly journals Kenya update: FRONTIERS adolescent reproductive health project

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Peer Educators ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Health Project ◽  
Adolescent Reproductive Health ◽  
Global Operations

The Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project (KARHP) was launched in October 1999 in Busia and Vihiga districts as a three-year operations research study to determine the feasibility, cost, and effectiveness of implementing systematic interventions that address the reproductive health (RH) needs of adolescents aged 10–19 years. This USAID-funded project is part of the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program’s global operations research. PATH (Program for Appropriate Technology in Health) is implementing the project, in collaboration with the Ministries of Health, Education, and Home Affairs, Heritage, and Sports. The objective of the study is to establish the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase adolescents’ RH knowledge, delay the onset of sexual activity, increase adolescent use of RH services, and reduce risky sexual behavior. The community-based intervention comprises two components. The first is geared toward sensitizing stakeholders in the community about the need for adolescent RH services and information. The second provides services and information to adolescents through out-of-school peer educators. This document provides an update on the KARHP project.

scholarly journals Introducing emergency contraception in Bangladesh: A feasibility study

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Psychological Injuries ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Health Project ◽  
National Family Planning

Approximately 28,000 maternal deaths occur every year in Bangladesh due to pregnancy and delivery-related complications, while many more women suffer major physical and psychological injuries. Available statistics indicate an increase in menstrual regulation (MR) and abortions, most performed by untrained practitioners under unhygienic conditions. Introducing emergency contraception (EC) in the national family planning (FP) program in Bangladesh could substantially reduce unwanted pregnancies and as result MR/abortions should also decrease. Because MR/abortions in Bangladesh significantly contribute to high maternal morbidity/mortality, introducing EC could be an important reproductive health intervention to provide couples with a back-up support to prevent unwanted pregnancy. EC could also reduce the psychological worries and health risks associated with unwanted pregnancies, MR, and abortions. The Directorate of Family Planning in collaboration with the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Project, Pathfinder International, and John Snow Inc., is conducting this feasibility study to develop, test, and document operational details for introducing EC as a back-up support for existing FP methods. This report is an interim update of the study’s accomplishments so far.

scholarly journals The Effects Of Early Menarche On Sexual And Reproductive Health: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hanny Wulandari ◽  
Dwi Ernawati ◽  
Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Early Menarche

Early menarche in adolescent girls has an effect on how quickly they come into contact with sexual life. This may have an impact on the increased incidence of unintended pregnancy, increased childbirth and abortion in adolescents. The condition of adolescents who are too young at menarche and poor reproductive health status will create problems with their menstruation, especially when the right sources of reproductive health information are not fully utilized. The aim of this scoping review is to interpret the effects of early menarche on sexual and reproductive health. The Scoping Review method was carried out using the following steps; 1) identifying research questions; 2) identifying relevant studies, through the Pubmed, Ebsco, and Wiley databases. In the search for articles, the keywords used are Effect OR Outcomes AND Menarche OR Menstruation OR Menstrua * OR menses OR "Early Menarche" AND "Reproductive Health" OR sexual reproduction * AND sexual behavior * OR "sexual debut" OR "Sexual Partners OR" unsafe sex "OR" unprotected sex ". The article criteria used are articles published from 2009 to 2019 and discussing the effects of early menarche on sexual and reproductive health; 3) the selection of articles was described using the Prisma Flow Chart where in full text search results, 18 articles were obtained and 9 articles was used for the review as these have quality assessment and according to population, methods, and results; 4) carrying out data charting; and 5) carrying out the compilation of results reports. The nine articles used as review materials discussed sexual health and early sexual reproduction in 101 respondents (21%) among sexually active students, 15 out of 89 students (16.9%) had low use of contraception, diseases of sexual health and reproduction (herpes simplex type-2, that is, women aged 14 who have experienced menarche have had sexual intercourse, HIV, which is 5.6% positive, as well as factors that affect sexual and reproductive health (45% education, 81.4% knowledge, economy due to low income, 60% sexual desire at the age of 14 years and only 11% who have not been sexually active at the age of 17 years). Early menarche and high sexual desire are health problems that have serious implications for adolescents. Provision of appropriate information and education on sexual and reproductive health for adolescents is urgently needed. It is hoped that the findings from the articles that have been reviewed can contribute to the importance of providing sex education from an early age.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and behavior of adolescents about reproductive health at Belgrade territory

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darija Kisic-Tepavcevic ◽  
Milena Steric ◽  
Vesna Kisic ◽  
Aleksandra Popovic ◽  
Tatjana Pekmezovic
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
School Education ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Average Grade ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
And Behavior

Introduction. Over the past few years, the results of numerous studies have emphasized the importance of adolescents' insufficient knowledge about reproductive health (RH), which implies an increasing trend of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of adolescents about RH in the population of Belgrade. Method. The study comprised 292 students from three secondary schools in Belgrade involved in the research February 1-15, 2008. The semistructured questionnaire about adolescents' knowledge, attitudes and behaviour about RH was filled in by themselves in presence of a student-investigator who provided assistance when necessary. Statistical analysis included ?2 test and correlation analysis. Results. Most adolescents (70.5%) showed the medium level of knowledge about RH. In our study, 33.6% of adolescents were sexually active. Sexually active students achieved a better score on the test about RH compared with the students who have not had sexual intercourse yet (?2-test=34.003; p<0.01). The average age of the first sexual intercourse was 16.5 years for females, and 15.7 years for males. The students with a lower average grade in school education experienced the first sexual intercourse earlier compared to the adolescents with a higher average grade during the school education (?=0.485; p<0.01). The most common (73.4%) source of information about RH is mass media. Conclusion. The results of our study indicate the need for more intensive and comprenhensive educational programmes in the area of RH for adolescents in our country.

scholarly journals Why teach sexuality education in school? Teacher discretion in implementing comprehensive sexuality education in rural Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mumba Zulu ◽  
Astrid Blystad ◽  
Marte E. S. Haaland ◽  
Charles Michelo ◽  
Haldis Haukanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Comprehensive Sexuality Education ◽  
School Activities ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies

Abstract Background Reproductive health problems such as HIV, unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion among adolescents are closely linked to insufficient knowledge about sexuality and reproduction and lack of access to contraceptives. Supported by international agencies, Zambia has introduced an ambitious nation-wide program for comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) to be implemented into ordinary school activities by teachers. The curriculum is firmly based in a discourse of sexual and reproductive rights, not commonly found in the public debate on sexuality in Zambia. This paper explores how teachers perceive the curriculum and practice discretion when implementing the CSE in mid-level schools in Nyimba district in Zambia. Methods Using a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 18 teachers and analyzed thematically drawing upon theories of discretion and policy implementation. Results Individual teachers make decisions on their own regarding what and when to teach CSE. This discretion implies holding back information from the learners, teaching abstinence as the only way of preventing pregnancy or cancelling sexuality education sessions altogether. Teachers’ choices about the CSE program were linked to lack of guidance on teaching of the curriculum, especially with regards to how to integrate sexuality education into existing subjects. Limited prioritization of CSE in the educational sector was observed. The incompatibility of CSE with local norms and understandings about adolescent sexuality combined with teacher-parent role dilemmas emerged as problematic in implementing the policy. Limited ownership of the new curriculum further undermined teachers’ motivation to actively include CSE in daily teaching activities. Use of discretion has resulted in arbitrary teaching thus affecting the acquisition of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health knowledge among learners. Conclusion The CSE had limited legitimacy in the community and was met with resistance from teachers tasked with its’ implementation. In order to enhance ownership to the CSE program, local concerns about the contents of the curriculum and the parent-teacher role dilemma must be taken into consideration. Not addressing these challenges may undermine the policy’s intention of increasing knowledge about sexuality and reproduction and empowering adolescents to access contraceptive services and avoid unwanted pregnancies.

scholarly journals Tuko Pamoja: A guide for talking with young people about their reproductive health

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Project ◽  
Adolescent Reproductive Health

This guide was developed for public health technicians working with the Ministry of Health as part of the Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project Tuko Pamoja (We Are Together). It can be used by anyone wishing to broaden their understanding of adolescent reproductive health (RH) issues and improve communication with young people. Providing young people with support by talking with and listening to them as well as ensuring they have access to accurate information can help them understand the wide range of changes they are experiencing during adolescence. Although parents, teachers, religious and community leaders, and health-care providers are expected to educate adolescents about personal and physical development, relationships, and their roles in society, it may be difficult for them to do so in a comfortable and unbiased way. For these reasons, it is important to meet adolescents’ need for information and services. Adolescent RH education provides information about reproductive physiology and puberty; protective behavior; and the responsibilities and consequences that come with sexual activity. Providing young people with accurate RH information promotes sexual health and well-being, and supports healthy, responsible, and positive life experiences, as well as preventing disease and unintended pregnancy.

Reproductive Health Knowledge, Sexual Partners, Contraceptive Use and Motives for Premarital Sex among Female Sub-Urban Nigerian Secondary Students

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Moronkola ◽  
J. A. Fakeye
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Reproductive Health Education ◽  
Reproductive Health Knowledge

Adolescents in sub-Saharan African countries constitute a large proportion of the population. They are sexually active, engage in unsafe reproductive health behavior with attendant consequences but lack appropriate reproductive health education. In the Nigeria Nation Reproductive Health Strategy Framework and Plan, the status of adolescents' reproductive health care is considered low. This study assessed reproductive health knowledge, sexual partners, contraceptive use, and motives for premarital sex among female sub-urban Nigerian secondary students. The study was cross-sectional, involving 500 senior secondary 1 and 2 female sub-urban students. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS. More than 70.0% of the respondents had knowledge of all reproductive health items; male and female condoms were popular contraceptives. At least 53.4% were sexually active and a majority (49.6%) had boyfriends as sex partners. Peer pressure (31.6%) and fun/pleasure (29.2%) were major motives for engaging in premarital sex. Majority (40.3%) terminated pregnancies through self-medication. Though respondents had knowledge of reproductive health, there is need to introduce health education (incorporating reproductive health education) as a core subject in schools as well as provision of youth-friendly health facilities.

scholarly journals Delaying sexual onset: outcome of a comprehensive sexuality education initiative for adolescents in public schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Ramírez-Villalobos ◽  
Eric Alejandro Monterubio-Flores ◽  
Tonatiuh Tomás Gonzalez-Vazquez ◽  
Juan Francisco Molina-Rodríguez ◽  
Ma. Guadalupe Ruelas-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Abstract Background A common risk behavior in adolescence is the early initiation of unprotected sex that exposes adolescents to an unplanned pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections. Schools are an ideal place to strengthen adolescents’ sexual knowledge and modify their behavior, guiding them to exercise responsible sexuality. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the knowledge of public secondary school teachers who received training in comprehensive education in sexuality (CES) and estimate the counseling’s effect on students’ sexual behavior. Methods Seventy-five public school teachers were trained in participatory and innovative techniques for CES. The change in teacher knowledge (n = 75) was assessed before and after the training using t-tests, Wilcoxon ranks tests and a Generalized Estimate Equation model. The students’ sexual and reproductive behavior was evaluated in intervention (n = 650) and comparison schools (n = 555). We fit a logistic regression model using the students’ sexual debut as a dependent variable. Results Teachers increased their knowledge of sexuality after training from 5.3 to 6.1 (p < 0.01). 83.3% of students in the intervention school reported using a contraceptive method in their last sexual relation, while 58.3% did so in the comparison schools. The students in comparison schools were 4.7 (p < 0.01) times more likely to start sexual initiation than students in the intervention schools. Conclusion Training in CES improved teachers’ knowledge about sexual and reproductive health. Students who received counseling from teachers who were trained in participatory and innovative techniques for CES used more contraceptive protection and delayed sexual debut.

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