scholarly journals MODEL PENGEMBANGAN SOAL READING TOEFL BERBASIS TEKS-TEKS KEISLAMAN

Ta dib ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
IRWAN IRWAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
American History ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
American Science ◽  
Model Validity ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Trapping Model ◽  
English Students

Problem of this research is the unfamiliarity of the topics in TOEFL test. Many of the topics are talking about American and Europe.  They are about American science, American history, American economic system, American culture and European culture.  The topics above are not familiar to the students of State Islamic College because they seldom study about the topic. To answer the TOEFL tes it will be better for us to have background knowledge about the topics of the reading.  If we are familiar with the topic, it will help us to be easy in answering and understanding about the text.  This research used Research & Development (R&D) approach.  The sample of the try out test for developing these questions are the sixth semester English students of STAIN Batusangkar.  The data were analyzed by using Kappa model to differenciate the items difficulties, items differenciation, trapping model, validity and reliability.  The product of this research then revised for three times.  Then, the product is also commented and analyzed by the experts.  After analyzing the revision of the product, the result finally getting ready to be used for a test.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CLUSTER MAPPING, FLOW CHARTING, AND DOUBLE/ TRIPLE ENTRY ON TEACHING WRITING SKILL

LITERA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
Daniar Sofeny
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Writing ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Comparison Of Effectiveness ◽  
English Students ◽  
Cluster Mapping

The study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of three writing techniques, namely Cluster Mapping, Flow Charting, and Double/ Triple Entry in improving the students’ writing skill. The research technique used was descriptive comparative technique using a quantitative approach. It compared the equations and differences as phenomena to find what factors/ situations that can cause the occurrence of a particular event. The data collection techniques were Documentation study by taking the students’ writing product and interview by giving the question and answer while face to face between the interviewer with the respondent using a tool called interview guide. The try out was conducted to measure validity and reliability. The two ways ANOVA was conducted to test the hypotheses, two –way analysis of variance with F-test at the 5% (0.05) level of significance. The subject of this study was the fourth semester English students with a total of 22 people. The English students’ writing skill using three techniques was tobe the object under the study. The findings of the study were the average writing score of students using Cluster Mapping was 56.5, the average score of students’ writing using Flow Charting was 49.6, and the average score of students’ writing using Double/ Triple Entry was 63.0. It can be concluded that those three techniques of writing skill are effective to use but the most effective is the Double/ Triple Entry technique. Keywords: cluster mapping, flow charting, double/triple entry, writing skill Keywords: Cluster Mapping, Flow Charting, Double/ Triple Entry, Writing Skill

Republicanism in American History

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
James Kloppenberg
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Great Books ◽  
The People ◽  
Democracy In America ◽  
Political Economic

Toequevilie's Democracy in America, like most great books, displays a tich appreciation of paradox. Unlike so many commentators on America, who have sought to unmask either the greatness or venality of the people or their leaders, or the triumphs or tragedies flowing from America's political, economic, or social institutions, Tocquevillc understood that conflicting values have been held in suspension in American culture.

Violence, Non-Violence, and Political Strategy

Worldview ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Mulford Q. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
American History ◽  
Political System ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
History Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Vietnam War

The problem of violence in American culture has been a subject of increasing concern during the past two decades. In the fifties, there was rampant the school of “consensus” history writing, which tended to deny the existence of conflicts about basic issues in American history. More recently, the past has been portrayed in an entirely different light: Conflict, and particularly violent conflict, are seen as having been virtually endemic. Against the background of violent crime and civil disturbance, several presidential commissions have investigated violence, and they usually emerge with the conclusion that Americans are a peculiarly violent people. The atrocities of the Vietnam war, and police and ghetto violence, have led many to wonder at the same time whether the alleged merits of the American political system are as great as its defenders have insisted.

The Bible in American Literature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Wolosky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Literature ◽  
American History ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Religion And Literature ◽  
Biblical Exegesis ◽  
Cultural Institution ◽  
The Bible ◽  
European Institutions

In an America bereft of European institutions, the Bible emerged as the major shared cultural institution. It became a thread linking American history, politics, religion, and literature to each other, in both consensus and conflict; with literature itself never quite shedding its ties to biblical exegesis. American culture thus has a paradigmatic identification with biblical textuality. This begins with the Protestant groups who defined their venture to America through a specific biblical hermeneutic; then was disseminated, often with striking and startling shifts in position and interpretation, through subsequent groups, denominations, and parties, even into the twentieth century, albeit in increasingly pluralized and fractured forms. This impulse to fragmentation becomes in the twentieth century an enactment of plural identities in ways increasingly claimed not only to be legitimate but to define American peoplehood.

scholarly journals Validation of the Speeded Cloze-Elide Test as an Overall Measure of Proficiency in English as a Foreign Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Boori ◽  
Samaneh Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
English Students ◽  
Time Limitations ◽  
Cloze Test

<p>In this study, the cloze-elide test was developed and administered under time constraints. This research is aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the speeded cloze-elide test and investigate its relationship with reading comprehension, C-Test, and multiple-choice cloze test. Processing speed is a vital indicator to distinguish high to low levels of language proficiency. The obtained test scores of the test takers' performance in the restricted time reveal their level of overall language proficiency. One-hundred fifty Iranian undergraduate English students were selected to participate in this study. A reading comprehension test, C-tests, multiple-choice cloze tests and speeded cloze-elide tests were presented to the students. The Cronbach's alpha reliability revealed that speeded cloze-elide test is highly reliable. Moreover, the principal component analysis resulted in the presence of one component which supports the unidimensionality of the data. The findings also illustrated that the C-Test is a slightly better measure of reading comprehension than multiple-choice cloze test and speeded cloze-elide test. Based on the analysis of data, time limitations increase the test validity and test reliability on the cloze-elide test.</p>

Our Masters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane Demas
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
American History ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Negro Leagues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Professional Golfers ◽  
Tiger Woods ◽  
Over Time

This chapter discusses black professional players and the little-known history of the United Golfers Association (UGA), a black golf organization that was founded in 1925 and served as a parallel institution to the all-white Professional Golfers’ Association (PGA) that formed nine years earlier in 1916. Along with many other activities, the UGA operated a national golf tour for professionals, amateurs, and intercollegiate golfers, and it continued to host events well after the desegregation of the PGA in 1961. Similar to the story of baseball’s Negro Leagues and their central place in American culture, the UGA also featured African Americans who used professional sport to carve out autonomous sites for leisure, business, and fandom. As the only national professional golf tour for black players in American history, virtually every black pro before Tiger Woods experienced playing in UGA events, a long list that includes John Shippen, Robert “Pat” Ball, John Brooks Dendy, Howard Wheeler, Charlie Sifford, Bill Spiller, Ted Rhodes, and Lee Elder. The UGA also supported a full women’s division, which over time featured gifted stars like Marie Thompson, Lucy Williams, Geneva Wilson, Ann Gregory, Thelma Cowans, Ethel (Powers) Funches, Althea Gibson, and Renee Powell.

Law in American History, Volume III

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Edward White
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Social Context ◽  
North America ◽  
American History ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
The Third ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This is the third in a series of volumes exploring central themes in American legal and constitutional history and the relationship of those themes to important events and contested issues in American culture at large. The first volume covered the period from colonial settlements in North America through the Civil War. The second volume covered the years from Reconstruction through the 1920s. This volume addresses central legal themes and their social context from 1930 through the close of the twentieth century.

The Cosmopolitanism of Roman Catholic Theology and the Challenge of Cultural Particularity

Horizons ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-320
Author(s):  
Francis Schüssler Fiorenza
Keyword(s):  
American Culture ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Major Topic ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Anglo American

The argument that I wish to make here was first presented at a German conference whose working title was “Glauben nach the Moderne: Deutsch-amerikanische Intellktuellendiskurse.” That title posed both an interrelated ambiguity and a challenge. The ambiguity stemmed from the contrasting meanings of the prepositionnach. Didnachmean “according to,” so that the major topic concerned “faith in relation to modernity” or “faith within the conditions of modernity”? Or didnachmean “afterwards,” so that the issue was faith after modernity in the sense of “post-” modernity? If the former, then the conditions of modernity pose the challenge to faith. If the latter (as postmodern theorists argue), then today's situation constitutes a critique of modernity which establishes the contemporary conditions of faith. This contrast formulates for me the challenge of articulating the possibilities of a theological dialogue and exchange between European culture and Anglo-American culture on the subject of cosmopolitanism and theology.

The Emergence of the Mass Society: The Standardization of American Culture, 1830–1920

Prospects ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 207-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth S. Jowett
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
American Popular Culture ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
European Culture

One of the great intellectual debates in the nineteenth century in the United States concerned the American preoccupation with European culture and, perhaps more important, the continued use of European critical standards to judge the quality of indigenous American culture. There is a great deal of truth in Walt Whitman's lament above, for a truly American high culture had yet to emerge, and American popular culture was still very much in its formative stages and under the influence of European trends (witness the enormous popularity of Charles Dickens and Sir Walter Scott). Only in the realm of folk culture had a rich, and by now Americanized, tradition emerged in the period before the Civil War. This is an interesting point, for after nearly two hundred years in the New World, American folk culture (especially folk humor) was now quite independent, whereas American high culture was still beholden to Europe for its inspiration and ideals. This clearly demonstrates that folk culture emerges from an affinity with everyday cultural expression and is closely identified with its creators, whereas high culture is based on a rigid set of (sometimes arbitrary) standards, which can be imposed from outside, with little regard for community cultural needs. Thus, the existing folklore was the result of the unique American experience, and while elements of the older European folk cultures were still visible, these had undergone the transformations caused by a new environment and were now fully integrated into the “frontier” culture of the new land.

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