scholarly journals Pengembangan Sistem Penangkal Petir dan Pentanahan Elektroda Rod dan Plat

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Makmur Saini ◽  
A.M. Shiddiq Yunus ◽  
Andareas Pangkung

The specific objective of this research is to producea system of internallightning and Eksternal lightning rod withgrounding which has been widely used in industries such aslightning protection and grounding system of substation,transmission lines and coupling wire used in high-rise buildingseither belong to government or private property. In this study,lightning rod is located outside the building structure that servesto catch or receive the bolt of lightning and the lightning deliverto the ground safely. In this study there were 5 different depths ofelectrode rod; 3 m, 5 m, 7 m, 9 m, and 12 m, moreover, 5 widevariety of electrode plate that are 1 x 1 m2, 0.75 x 0.75 m2, 0.5 x0.5 m2, 0.35 x 0.35 m2, 0.25 x 0.25 m2. For grounding electrode rod with a depth of 3 m, 5 m, 7 m, 9 m, 12 m in dry conditions grounding resistance values obtained ranged from 1.55 to 2.03 Ohm. For moist soil conditions, grounding resistance values obtained ranged from 2.21 to 2.60 Ohm. For wet soil conditions grounding resistance values obtained ranged from 1.97 to 2.34 Ohm. For grounding plate, R11 and R12 on the dry conditions grounding resistance values obtained ranged from 2.08 to 2.45 Ohm. For moist soil conditions grounding resistance values obtained ranged from 1.88 to 2.18 Ohm. For wet soil conditions grounding resistance values obtained ranged from 1.55 to 2.06 Ohm. On the external lightning rod with two added electrodes with a depth of 12 m and then connected in parallel with the electrode plate to get the smallest value of grounding resistance in accordance with the standards prescribed.

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Chong Pan ◽  
Dong Zhao ◽  
Xuesong Tu ◽  
Shuqin Wang ◽  
Tie Liu ◽  
...  

The purpose of arranging the grounding electrode is to discharge large currents, such as fault current and ensure the transmission line operate safely. In the grounding system of Chinese transmission network, the common grounding electrodes are horizontal installation and vertical installation. But two installation methods usually have the disadvantages, which are long distance installation and large depth burying, and they are restricted susceptible to uncertain factors such as pipelines, roads and geology, which leads the grounding resistance increasing and affect the normal operation of transmission lines. In order to solve the problem, this paper presents a new grounding model for complex soil environments and analysis from grounding resistance, surface potential and current distribution. The results show that the helix grounding electrode has good resistance reduction performance in complex soil environment, which effectively improves the surface potential distribution and the distribution of the spill current.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Fajri Latiefa ◽  
Irzan Zakir ◽  
Massus Subekti

Abstract The value of grounding resistance at the substation should be 0 Ω or less than 1 Ω. The value of grounding resistance is influenced by the resistivity and the grounding system method used. the resistivity is influenced by external factors, one of which is the soil moisture. The purpose of this research are (i) to find the effect of soil moisture to grounding resistance with; (a) compare the actual measurements of grounding resistance between wet soil conditions and dry soil conditions; (b) compare actual measurement results, manual calculations, and ETAP 12.6 software on grid resistance between wet soil conditions and dry soil conditions. (ii) to find the effect that would occur if the grounding station resistance exceeds the IEEE Std 80-2000 standard value of less than 1 Ω. The research method is comparative quantitative. This research is measuring grounding resistance with driven rood system and with grid system during wet and dry soil conditions, and then calculate grid resistance of Kemayoran 150 kV Substation in dry and wet soil conditions using manual calculating based on IEEE Std 80 -2000, and calculating using ETAP 12.6 software. The result of measument grounding resistance with driven rood system show the value of grounding resistance is 27,72 Ω when dry soil condition and 18,92 Ω when wet soil condition, the measurement result of grounding resistance with grid system show the value of grounding resistance is 0.076 Ω when the soil condition is dry and 0.049 Ω during wet soil conditions, the manual calculation of grid resistance is 0.078 Ω for dry soil conditions and 0.056 Ω, and the ETAP calculation of grid resistance is 0.071 Ω for dry soil conditions and 0.051 Ω for wet soil conditions. Based on the results of this research, the conclusion is soil moisture can affect the value of grounding resistance, based on this research the dry soil condition of the earth resistance value is higher than the wet soil conditions. The value of earthquake grounding shall be less than 1 Ω due to minimize the earth potenial value (Ground Potensial Rise) which can cause dangerous voltage for humans. Abstrak Nilai tahanan pentaahan pada Gardu Induk harus mendekati 0 Ω atau kurang dari 1 Ω, dan dipengaruhi oleh tahanan jenis tanah dan metode sistem pentanahan yang digunakan. Tahanan jenis tanah dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal, salah satunya adanya kelembaban tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh kelembaban tanah terhadap nilai tahanan pentanahan, dan mengetahui pengaruh yang akan terjadi jika tahanana pentanahan gardu induk melebihi nilai standar IEEE Std 80-2000 yaitu kurang dari 1 Ω. Penelitian ini melakukan pengukuran aktual tahanan pentanahan dengan sistem driven rood dan tahanan pentanahan dengan sistem grid saat kondisi tanah basah dan tanah kering, serta perhitungan tahanan pentanhan grid Gardu Induk Kemayoran 150 kV dalam kondisi tanah kering dan tanah basah dengan menggunakan perhitungan manual berdasarkan IEEE Std 80-2000, dan perhitungan menggunakan software ETAP 12.6. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa kelembaban tanah dapat mempengaruhi nilai tahanan pentanahan, dengan berdasarkan saat kondisi tanah kering nilai tahanan pentanahan lebih tinggi dibandingkan saat kondisi tanah basah Hasil pengukuran tahanan pentanahan dengan sistem driven rood menunjukkan nilai tahanan pentanahan adalah 27,72 Ω saat kondisi tanah kering dan 18,92 Ω saat kondisi tanah basah, hasil pengukuran tahanan pentanahan dengan sistem grid menunjukkan nilai tahanan pentanahan adalah 0,076 Ω saat kondisi tanah kering dan 0,049 Ω saat kondisi tanah basah, hasil perhitungan manual tahanan grid adalah 0,078 Ω untuk kondisi tanah kering dan 0,056 Ω, dan hasil perhitungan ETAP tahanan grid adalah 0,071 Ω untuk kondisi tanah kering dan 0,051 Ω untuk kondisi tanah basah.


2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (19) ◽  
pp. 2189-2195
Author(s):  
Meludin Veledar ◽  
Samir Avdakovic ◽  
Zijad Bajramovic ◽  
Milan Savic ◽  
Koviljka Stankovic ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Marina Kizhlo ◽  
Arvids Kanbergs ◽  
Mihails Kizhlo

Correlation Analysis between Grounding Resistance and Diurnal Variations of Upper Soil Resistivity during March 2010 in Balozhi, LatviaThe accurate measurement of soil resistivity and grounding system resistance is fundamental to electrical safety. However, geological and meteorological factors can have a considerable effect on the accuracy of conventional measurements and the validity of the measurement methods. This paper examines some aspects of grounding measurements and grounding system performance in the context of both geological and meteorological effects.We are reporting the results of grounding measurements using the 3-point method with ground resistivity tester type M416. The measurements were conducted during selected period from 2010 March 1 to March 31 in Balozhi, Latvia. We also noted that the resistivity of the upper layer significantly varied from a point to another, reflecting difference in water content in the upper soil layer due to local topography and other parameters.


2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Ward ◽  
K. Whisson ◽  
S. F. Micin ◽  
D. Zeelenberg ◽  
S. P. Milroy

In Mediterranean-type climates, dryland soil water storage and evaporation during the hot and dry summer are poorly understood, particularly for sandy-textured soils. Continued evaporation during summer, and any effects of crop stubble management, could have a significant impact on annual components of the water balance and crop yield. In this research, the effect of wheat stubble management on summer evaporation and soil water storage was investigated for a sandy soil in south-western Australia, during the summers of 2005–06 and 2006–07. Treatments comprised: retained standing stubble; retained flattened stubble; removed stubble; and removed stubble followed by burying the crowns with topsoil from an adjacent area. Under ‘dry’ conditions, evaporation continued at ~0.2 mm/day. In contrast to previous results for finer textured soil types, stubble retention did not decrease the rate of evaporation, but marginally (10–30%) increased evaporation on 7 out of 14 days when measurements were taken. Significant differences due to stubble management were observed in two successive summers, but only for relatively dry soil conditions. There were no significant differences observed for several days after irrigation or rainfall. Under dry conditions in the absence of rainfall, total decrease in water storage during a 90-day summer period could be ~20 mm, but differences attributable to stubble management are likely to be a few mm.


Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jau-Woei Perng ◽  
Yi-Chang Kuo ◽  
Shih-Pin Lu

In this study, the concept of grounding systems is related to the voltage tolerance of the human body (human body voltage tolerance safety value). The maximum touch voltage target and grounding resistance values are calculated in order to compute the grounding resistance on the basis of system data. Typically, the grounding resistance value is inversely proportional to the laying depth of the grounding grid and the number of grounded copper rods. In other words, to improve the performance of the grounding system, either the layering depth of the grounding grid or the number of grounded copper rods should be increased, or both of them should be simultaneously increased. Better grounding resistance values result in increased engineering costs. There are numerous solutions for the grounding target value. Grounding systems are designed to find the combination of the layering depth of the grounding grid and the number of grounded copper rods by considering both cost and performance. In this study, we used a fuzzy algorithm on the genetic algorithm (GA), multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm, Bees, IEEE Std. 80-2000, and Schwarz’s equation based on a power company’s substation grounding system data to optimize the grounding resistance performance and reduce system costs. The MOPSO algorithm returned optimal results. The radial basis function (RBF) neural network curve is obtained by the MOPSO algorithm with three variables (i.e., number of grounded copper rods, grounding resistance value, and grounding grid laying depth), and the simulation results of the electrical transient analysis program (ETAP) system are verified. This could be a future reference for substation designers and architects.


Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2142
Author(s):  
Fabio Massimo Gatta ◽  
Alberto Geri ◽  
Stefano Lauria ◽  
Marco Maccioni ◽  
Francesco Palone

A significant majority of overhead transmission lines’ (OHLs) outages is due to backflashovers caused by direct lightning strikes: the realistic assessment of the lightning performance is thus an important task. The paper presents the analysis of the lightning performance of an existing 150 kV Italian OHL, namely, its backflashover rate (BFOR), carried out by means of an ATP-EMTP-based Monte Carlo procedure. Among other features, the procedure makes use of a simplified pi-circuit for line towers’ grounding system, allowing a very accurate reproduction of transient behaviours at a very low computational cost. Tower grounding design modifications, aimed at improving the OHL lightning performance, are also proposed and discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Shiqi Tao ◽  
Xiaoqing Zhang ◽  
Yaowu Wang

Offshore wind turbines (WTs) are frequently exposed to the risk from lightning, storm, and waves. As a kind of fixed foundations, jacket foundation can effectively reduce the correlatively risk and loss. In order to provide more information about the lightning protection of jacket foundation, a simulation model has been built by simplifying the hollow steel tubes into a series of solid steel cylinders. And some conclusions on the grounding resistance of jacket foundation have been summarized in this paper by using the GSSAS (Grounding System Safe Analysis Software). According to the simulation results, the actual influential factors of grounding resistance, including the depth of seawater, the thickness of clay layer and the resistivity of gravel layer, have been analysed and compared. It is found that the grounding resistance is influenced most severely by the depth of seawater. In addition, the values of sea surface potential have been calculated by the software GSSAS and the three-dimensional diagrams of potential distribution have been mapped out.


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