Recurrence of Human Babesiosis Caused by Reinfection

Abstract Background Human babesiosis is a mild-to-severe parasitic infection that poses health concerns especially in older and other at-risk populations. The study objective was to assess babesiosis occurrence among the U.S. Medicare beneficiaries, ages 65 and older, during 2006-2017. Methods Our retrospective claims-based study utilized Medicare databases. Babesiosis cases were identified using recorded diagnosis codes. The study estimated rates (per 100,000 beneficiary-years) overall, by year, diagnosis month, demographics, state and county of residence. Results Nationwide, 19,469 beneficiaries had babesiosis recorded, a rate of 6 per 100,000 person-years, ranging from 4 in 2006 to 9 in 2017 (p<0.05). The highest babesiosis rates were in: Massachusetts (62), Rhode Island (61), Connecticut (51), New York (30), and New Jersey (19). The highest rates by county were in: Nantucket, MA (1,089); Dukes, MA (236); Barnstable, MA (213); and Dutchess, NY (205). Increasing rates, from 2006 through 2017 (p<0.05), were identified in multiple states, including states previously considered non-endemic. New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Pennsylvania, and Delaware saw rates increase by several times. Conclusion Our 12-year study shows substantially increasing babesiosis diagnosis trends, with highest rates in well-established endemic states. It also suggests expansion of babesiosis infections in other states and highlights the utility of real-world evidence.

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Pre-clinical evaluation of a whole-parasite vaccine to control human babesiosis

Cell Host & Microbe ◽

10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hanan A. Al-Nazal ◽

Emily Cooper ◽

Mei Fong Ho ◽

Sharareh Eskandari ◽

Victoria Majam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Human Babesiosis

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Molecular confirmation of the first autochthonous case of human babesiosis in Australia using a novel primer set for the beta-tubulin gene

Experimental Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.exppara.2014.03.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 141 ◽

pp. 93-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Andrea Paparini ◽

Sanjaya N. Senanayake ◽

Una M. Ryan ◽

Peter J. Irwin

Keyword(s):

Tubulin Gene ◽

Beta Tubulin ◽

Autochthonous Case ◽

Human Babesiosis ◽

Beta Tubulin Gene

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Haematologic complications from human babesiosis: a case report

New Microbes and New Infections ◽

10.1016/j.nmni.2015.10.008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 148-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Forrester ◽

L.G. Franco ◽

R. Postelnicu ◽

R.E.A. Jacobs

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Human Babesiosis

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Detection of Kobe-typeBabesia microtiassociated with Japanese human babesiosis in field rodents in central Taiwan and southeastern mainland China

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182008004356 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 135 (6) ◽

pp. 691-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A. SAITO-ITO ◽

N. TAKADA ◽

F. ISHIGURO ◽

H. FUJITA ◽

Y. YANO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mainland China ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Human Infection ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microscopical Examination ◽

Small Subunit Rrna ◽

Central Taiwan ◽

Field Rodents ◽

Human Babesiosis

SUMMARYField rodent surveys forBabesiainfection were performed from 2002 to 2005 in the vicinities of human babesiosis occurrences in Taiwan and mainland China.Babesia microtiwas identified by microscopical examination and/or PCR in 1Rattus coxingaand 1Crocidura horsfieldiiin central Taiwan and in 13Niviventer confucianusand 1Apodemus agrariusin Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces of southeastern China. Of 15B. microtisamples detected by PCR, all except 1 were shown to be the Kobe-type, the aetiological small subunit rRNA gene-type of the first Japanese patient; the exception was also a Kobe-related type. The Kobe-type had been found in rodents only in a few places including the human infection occurrence place in Japan. The internal transcribed spacer 1 to 2 sequences of the Taiwanese and Chinese Kobe-types were very similar to each other but considerably different (approx. 94% pairwise identities) from that of the Japanese Kobe-type. A Taiwanese Kobe-type strain was serologically differentiated from the Kobe strain originating from the Japanese first patient. The distribution of the Kobe-type in the vicinities of human babesiosis occurrences in Taiwan and China as well as in Japan is suggestive of involvement of the Kobe-type in Asian human babesiosis.

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07 Comparison between rodent Babesia isolates originated from Taiwan and Japan, human babesiosis emergence countries in Asia

Medical Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.7601/mez.55.35_1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

A. Saito-Ito ◽

Anchalee Dantrakool ◽

A. Kawai ◽

E.R. Chen ◽

Y. Yano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Babesiosis

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Transplacental Transmission of Human Babesiosis

Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice ◽

10.1097/ipc.0b013e3182769089 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 365-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peter J. Krause ◽

Edouard Vannier

Keyword(s):

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Human Babesiosis

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The Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10111447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1447

Author(s):

Abhinav Kumar ◽

Jane O'Bryan ◽

Peter J. Krause

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

The United States ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Babesia Species ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Endemic Disease ◽

Predominant Species ◽

Human Babesiosis

Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa that are primarily transmitted by hard-bodied (Ixodid) ticks and rarely through blood transfusion, perinatally, and organ transplantation. More than 100 Babesia species infect a wide spectrum of wild and domestic animals worldwide and six have been identified as human pathogens. Babesia microti is the predominant species that infects humans, is found throughout the world, and causes endemic disease in the United States and China. Babesia venatorum and Babesia crassa-like agent also cause endemic disease in China. Babesia divergens is the predominant species in Europe where fulminant cases have been reported sporadically. The number of B. microti infections has been increasing globally in recent decades. In the United States, more than 2000 cases are reported each year, although the actual number is thought to be much higher. In this review of the epidemiology of human babesiosis, we discuss epidemiologic tools used to monitor disease location and frequency; demographics and modes of transmission; the location of human babesiosis; the causative Babesia species in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia; the primary clinical characteristics associated with each of these infections; and the increasing global health burden of this disease.

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Human babesiosis: clinical cases in the european part of the Russian Federation

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2019.11.000405 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (11) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

A K Tokmalaev ◽

V B Chentsov ◽

V A Malov ◽

V V Maleyev ◽

G M Kozhevnikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

European Part ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Direct Supervision ◽

Clinical Observations ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Human Babesiosis

The article describes four clinical observations of patients with babesiosis detected in the European part of the Russian Federation, two of whom were under the direct supervision of the authors. The analysis of epidemiological data, clinical picture, results of laboratory studies in the dynamics of the disease. Differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

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Human Babesiosis in Europe

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10091165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1165

Author(s):

Anke Hildebrandt ◽

Annetta Zintl ◽

Estrella Montero ◽

Klaus-Peter Hunfeld ◽

Jeremy Gray

Keyword(s):

Clinical Management ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

First Case ◽

The Usa ◽

Life Threatening ◽

History Of ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

Human Babesiosis

Babesiosis is attracting increasing attention as a worldwide emerging zoonosis. The first case of human babesiosis in Europe was described in the late 1950s and since then more than 60 cases have been reported in Europe. While the disease is relatively rare in Europe, it is significant because the majority of cases present as life-threatening fulminant infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Although appearing clinically similar to human babesiosis elsewhere, particularly in the USA, most European forms of the disease are distinct entities, especially concerning epidemiology, human susceptibility to infection and clinical management. This paper describes the history of the disease and reviews all published cases that have occurred in Europe with regard to the identity and genetic characteristics of the etiological agents, pathogenesis, aspects of epidemiology including the eco-epidemiology of the vectors, the clinical courses of infection, diagnostic tools and clinical management and treatment.

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