scholarly journals RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOYBEAN CULTIVATION ON DEGRADED SOILS OF THE ALMATY OBLAST

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (334) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
T. Atakulov ◽  
◽  
N. Alipbekov ◽  
A. Smanov ◽  
U. Kalymbetov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Intensive Growth

The article presents data on the effective use of secondary saline irrigated land in Almaty oblast. The use of salt-resistant phytomeliorants and an adoptogen contributed to a decrease in the salt content in the soil, along with an increase in yield and improvement of the soil structure. The results showed that in the upper layers of the soil (0-20 cm), the content of agronomically valuable aggregates is higher and ranges from 64 to 73%, and with a depth (20-40 cm) it decreases and ranges from 39 to 66%. The content of water-bearing aggregates increases by 2-5% with depth, and the volume mass of the soil increases with depth and averaged 1.24-1.30 g/cm3. The humus content ranges from 0.54 to 1.16%. The results of observations of the growth and development of phytomeliorants showed that phytomeliorants intensively grew, developed and accumulated aboveground masses, especially in variants with adaptogen treatment. The height of plants reached up to 266 cm (Sudan grass), and on the variant without treatment was 257 cm. Accumulated aboveground masses from 950 to 2013 gr. Intensive growth of phytomeliorants was suppressed by weeds, and their contents were insignificant from 19 to 22 pcs/m2, and in the variant with adaptogen treatment was from 18-20 pcs/m2. The average yield of sorghum green mass ranged from 740.4 centner/ha in the variant without adaptogen treatment, and in the variant with treatment was 777.4 centner/ha. The average yield of sudan grass was 947.0-990.3 centner/ha, and soybean seed yield was in the range from 54.7-56.4 centner/ha. Intensive development of phytomeliorants contributed to an increase in yield and a decrease in salts on the upper soil horizon (0-20 cm) from 0.06 to 0.27%. The largest decrease in salts by 0.27% was observed under soybean crops. The use of the recommended technology contributed to saving irrigation water up to 70% due to drip irrigation, reducing the cost of washing and chemical reclamation – gypsum.

Resource-saving Technologies and Some Proposals for the Creation of Automated Reclamation Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Z.G. Lamerdonov ◽  
T.Yu. Khashirova ◽  
S.A. Zhaboev ◽  
L.Zh. Nastueva ◽  
A.А. Shogenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
High Salt Content ◽  
Reclamation System

The results of experimental studies of the local subsurface irrigation method in comparison with drip irrigation carried out in the laboratory, which showed water savings due to a decrease in evaporation from the soil surface by 10–15 percent are presented. The method of irrigation in closed greenhouse farms using water with a high salt content is described. The paper proposes new patented schematic solutions for protecting plants from frost and pests, describes a multifunctional engineering and reclamation system capable of performing various operations depending on the emerging problems during the growing season.

scholarly journals Pharmacoeconomic analysis of using typical and atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
I. A. Vilyum ◽  
B. V. Andreev ◽  
M. A. Proskurin ◽  
Yu. E. Balykina
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
Healthcare Budget ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
The Cost

The aim: to provide a comprehensive pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the maintenance therapy with antipsychotics in outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia.Materials and methods. The analysis was conducted by two mutually complementary steps: an epidemiological study on outpatients with schizophrenia, and a subsequent pharmacoeconomic modeling. Two medical technologies were evaluated and compared: treatment with classical antipsychotics (kA) and treatment with atypical antipsychotics (AA). For the clinical and economic analysis of these treatments, we used a number of indices derived from our retrospective study of patients’ medical records. The cost-effectiveness analysis, incremental analysis, and «budget impact» analysis were performed taking into account the direct and indirect costs of the treatments.Results. We determined the costs of managing outpatients with schizophrenia from the perspective of the healthcare budget and the social burdens; we also looked into the relevance and effectiveness of the current costs at various time intervals – 6, 12 and 24 months. As shown, the treatment strategies involving AA were more budget-consumptive than the kA treatments. even if the treatments were switched to the reproduced AA (up to 100% replacement), the costs would remain to be higher than those for the kA. The «cost-effectiveness» analysis related to «the proportion of stable patients» for the horizons of 6 and 12 months indicated that the reproduced AA would be more economically effective than the kA. However, when the observation period was increased to 24 months, this economic advantage of AA diminished, and the kA drugs had a lower CeR instead. For the «number of hospitalization-free days per year», the use of AA was more cost-effective only versus the 100% use of reproduced AA at the simulated horizon of 12 months. When the use of 100% reference AA or the combined use of reference + reproduced AA was simulated, the treatment with kA remained more economically effective, regardless of the simulated period.Conclusion. The pharmacoeconomic simulation of the antipsychotic therapy in outpatients with schizophrenia suggests the ways to optimize the treatment. Among them, (a) using AA for the treatment of at least 15.6% of patients (those who are employed); keeping the ≥60% use of kA to ensure the optimal resource-saving effect of the treatment; (b) using reproduced AA at the level of ≥70% (instead of the reference AA similar in efficacy and safety) to keep the treatment economically feasible. 

scholarly journals Influence of tillage methods on the yield of winter rye variety Sudarushka

2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
P. N. Brazhnikov ◽  
A. B. Sainakova ◽  
O. V. Litvinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Impact

The results of studying the elements of the technology of cultivation of a new variety of winter rye Sudarushka are presented. The research took place in 2019, 2020 in the sub-taiga zone of the Tomsk region. The impact of soil cultivation methods as well as the impact of humic fertiliser from peat Gumostim on the yield of winter rye Sudarushka is evaluated. The soils of the experimental plot are acidic (pH 4.3) soddy-podzolic loamy sandy loam. The arable horizon has a low humus content (1.5%), a low (0.2 mg/100g) content of nitrate nitrogen, a medium content of mobile phosphorus (19.2) and exchangeable potassium (7.1) and a high (11.0 mg/100g) content of mobile aluminium. The scheme of the experiment included four variants of cultivation: ploughing of fallow lands with PlN-4-35 + cultivation KPN-4,2, sowing without packing and with packing; disking with BDMK-2,8 + cultivation KPN-4,2, sowing without packing and with packing. Treatment with humic fertilizer from peat Gumostim at a concentration of 0.001% was carried out during the growing season in the beginning phase of the leaf-tube formation. The average yield of winter rye in the variety Sudarushka during the years of research was 4.66 t/ha in the variant with disking, subsequent cultivation before sowing and further sowing with packing, which is 0.34 t/ha higher than with the traditional method of soil cultivation. The application of humic fertilizer from peat Gumostim on cold sod-podzolic soils enabled the average yield of winter rye to be 4.31 t/ha y, which is 0.39 t/ha higher than without the fertilizer.

Effective use of Translation Services in Dentistry

Dental Update ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-215
Author(s):  
Kajal B Patel ◽  
Emma G Walshaw ◽  
Naeem I Adam
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Care ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Valid Consent ◽  
Translation Services ◽  
Dental Setting ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Information Requests

Translation services are central to effective communication with patients unable to speak English, or with hearing impairment. This article gives an overview of the cost of translation services in key secondary care locations and provides guidance on how best to optimize their use clinically. Freedom of information requests were made to 20 dental hospitals in the United Kingdom to ascertain the number and cost of interpreter and sign-language appointments. We highlight the importance of using these necessary but costly services effectively. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Guidance is given on how to best use translator services in a dental setting, better ensuring valid consent and promoting patient autonomy.

scholarly journals Cost management in track facilities of railway transport infrastructure

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Irina Solskaya ◽  
Sergei Belomestnykh
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Cost Management System ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of the study is definition and substantiation of the main development points of assessment and planning functions in the cost management system of railway transport infrastructure. Methods used in the study include general scientific analysis and synthesis, dynamic and structural analysis of economic indicators, as well as textual analysis of regulatory documents. Such approach enables to formulate industry-specific peculiarities of cost assessment based on general theoretical concepts of effective use of factors of production. The result of this study is an author's developed approach to cost management system for railway transport infrastructure.

scholarly journals The Application of Material Flow Cost Accounting in Waste Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaio Huang ◽  
An Chiu ◽  
Po Chao ◽  
Ni Wang
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

Due to the rise in environmental awareness, corporate companies have shifted their focus from an obsession with short-term profits to contemplating long-term strategies to achieve sustainable management. Effective use of resources is the primary indicator of this achievement. Fulfillment of corporate social responsibility and thinking beyond the regulatory aspects of corporate sustainable management are goals that have continually attracted attention worldwide. Material flow cost accounting based on ISO 14051, which was announced by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), is a tool that can be used to achieve a balance between the environment and economy. We focused on using ISO 14051-based material flow cost accounting as an analytical evaluation tool from the perspectives of finance and accounting personnel. We conducted a case study on a flat-panel parts supplier to determine whether the efficient use of recycled glass could reduce company costs. The primary finding is that the film layer on recycled washed glass tends to be stripped during the production process, causing increased reprocessing costs and thus rendering the cost of renewable cleaning higher than that of reworking. This study revealed that the ISO 14051-based material flow cost accounting analysis constitutes a valuable management tool, thereby facilitating the promotion of sustainable development.

4.4 A Policy for Encouraging the Effective Use of Computers in Animal Production Development

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
C. T. Whittemore
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Business Forecasting ◽  
Development Workers ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

In addition to data and record handling and the completion of complex and arduous mathematical calculations, the computer may serve a wide range of purposes for the agricultural industry; these include the provision of day-to-day management information, the mechanical enactment of management decisions, business forecasting, interpretation of real life and prediction of future response by use of simulation models, analysis of cost effectiveness of various tactics and stratagems, the transfer of information, scrutinization of existing knowledge and the formulation of experimental programmes. The computer is seen as a major linking medium between research, development and production practice; being both the preferred route for information flow and an ideal way of packaging dispersed pieces of knowledge into practical, usable, systems advice.The concern of practical producers is not with discrete little problems but with systems. To help, the extension worker must bring forward systems solutions. Often research and development workers try to get across to producers potential benefits in small bits (3 times daily milking gives a yield lift of 15%; flat rate feeding gives better margins over concentrates; high density diets improve feed efficiency), whereas producer benefits come from the cost effectiveness of whole integrated systems.

Briquettes Made from the Chips after Abrasive Grinding of Rolled High-Alloy Steels as an Advanced Charge Material Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 973 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Igor L. Gonik ◽  
Lyubov V. Palatkina ◽  
Dmitriy N. Gurulev ◽  
Dmitriy M. Shilikhin
Keyword(s):  
Rational Solution ◽  
Charge Material ◽  
Metal Charge ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Metallurgical Wastes ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Material Solution ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Quality Metal

The paper shows that in the conditions of a deficit of high-quality metal charge in steels melting production, the effective use of waste from abrasive grinding in the composition of the metal charge is a promising method for reducing the cost of steel. The most rational solution for the disposal of metallurgical wastes may be the agglomeration of fine-grained and fine-dispersed materials using briquetting technology widely used in many countries around the world to produce multi-purpose briquettes.

Response by sugar beet to superphosphate, particularly in relation to soils containing little available phosphorus

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Cost

SUMMARYTwenty experiments between 1970 and 1974 tested the effect of five amounts of triple superphosphate (0–110 kg P/ha) on sugar-beet yield in fields where soil contained little sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus. The average yield without phosphorus fertilizer was 6·69 t/ha sugar and the increase from the optimum dressing 0·46 t/ha; the average soil concentration was 12 mg P/l. The fertilizer increased yield by 0·77 t/ha sugar on fields with 0–9 mg/l soil phosphorus, by 0·31 t/ha when soil phosphorus was 10–15 mg/l and had little effect on soils containing larger amounts.The concentration of phosphorus in plants harvested in mid-summer contained on average 0·29% P in dried tops and 0·13% in roots when given no phosphorus fertilizer, representing a total of 19·3 kg/ha P uptake. Giving superphosphate increased the phosphorus in both dried tops and roots by up to 0·03% and there was 3·7 and 1·7 kg/ha more phosphorus in tops and roots respectively. On the most responsive fields (0–9 mg/l soil P), the fertilizer increased the phosphorus in tops and roots by 0·05% and total uptake by 7 kg P/ha. The increase in uptake (or recovery) of fertilizer varied from 15% when 14 kg P/ha was given to less than 5% when 110 kg P/ha was used.A dressing of 27 kg P/ha was adequate for maximum yield on 19 of the 20 fields. When fields were grouped, 0–9, 10–15, 16–25 and > 26 mg/l NaHCO3-soluble soil phosphorus, and taking into account the value of the increased sugar yield, the cost of the fertilizer and its residual value, 60, 30, 20 and 10 kg P/ha respectively were the most profitable dressings. These experiments provide evidence, however, that the fertilizer would be used more efficiently if fields containing 0–9 mg soil phosphorus were subdivided into those with 0–4·5 and those with 4·6–9·0 mg/l and the groups given 80 and 40 kg P/ha respectively. These recommendations are substantially less than those used at present; they are adequate for sugar beet but other crops in the rotation would need similar close examination to ensure maximum yield and maintain adequate soil reserves of phosphorus.

The Organic matter in heavy alkaline soils

1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Joseph ◽  
B. W. Whitfeild
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Bright Sunlight ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Different Sources

1. Sudan soils are very low in organic matter, the total organic carbon being usually less than 1 per cent. In the Gezira, the humus carbon is about 40 per cent, of that of the total.2. Humus preparations purified as far as possible could not be obtained ash-free. Specimens of humus from widely different sources contain nearly the same proportion of carbon.3. Humus solutions (in very dilute alkali) keep fairly well in the dark. They also keep in bright sunlight if air is excluded. The use of standard solutions for colorimetric purposes is justified if not kept too long.4. Field studies show that the humus content of good soil is greater than that of poor, and that there is a marked inverse connection between salt and humus content.5. The above conclusion does not apply to the depth distribution of these constituents. In the Gezira, the maximum humus content is found at the fourth foot and the maximum salt content is found at about the same depth.6. The total nitrogen content of the soils studied is low, usually about 0·03 per cent. About one-fifth of this is humus nitrogen, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is about twelve to one.

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