Effective use of Translation Services in Dentistry

Dental Update ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-215
Author(s):  
Kajal B Patel ◽  
Emma G Walshaw ◽  
Naeem I Adam
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Care ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Valid Consent ◽  
Translation Services ◽  
Dental Setting ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Information Requests

Translation services are central to effective communication with patients unable to speak English, or with hearing impairment. This article gives an overview of the cost of translation services in key secondary care locations and provides guidance on how best to optimize their use clinically. Freedom of information requests were made to 20 dental hospitals in the United Kingdom to ascertain the number and cost of interpreter and sign-language appointments. We highlight the importance of using these necessary but costly services effectively. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Guidance is given on how to best use translator services in a dental setting, better ensuring valid consent and promoting patient autonomy.

scholarly journals The Cost Exemption in the Freedom of Information Regimes of the United Kingdom and Scotland: a Comparative Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum Liddle ◽  
David McMenemy
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Freedom Of Information Act ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Cost ◽  
North And South

AbstractIn this tenth anniversary year since freedom of information came into force north and south of the border, the authors, Calum Liddle and David McMenemy, undertake an in-depth comparative evaluation of the parallel cost exemptions found in the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002. Does Scottish FOI indeed afford a more generous disclosure entitlement? And are applicants, in turn, employing comparatively weaker rights when requesting information from analogous English and Welsh authorities? A statutory analysis of the home nation provisions is complemented by case law and a nod to contemporaneous events.

Opioids for pain in Europe: Differing problems and differing solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Stannard
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Pain Medicine ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

Opioids remain a major advance in pain medicine, but their power comes with responsibility. The prescription of opioid medicines has become a major policy issue in all nations across Europe. In this chapter of European Pain Management we offer a brief history of the use of opioids for pain, with a focus on how the modern challenges have developed, followed by a review of opioid prescribing across Europe, compared with that in North America. The harms of opioid use are reviewed, as are the barriers to their effective use in the European context. A working example from the United Kingdom is given, but a focus on the common experiences across Europe is maintained. The challenge for pain clinicians is always to offer the best treatment for the person with enduring and intrusive pain, but not at the cost of exposing a larger population of patients to harm.

scholarly journals Do clinicians receive adequate training to identify trafficked persons? A scoping review of NHS Foundation Trusts

JRSM Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 205427041772040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles DR Thompson ◽  
Arun Mahay ◽  
David Stuckler ◽  
Sarah Steele
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Foundation Trusts ◽  
Information Requests ◽  
Do So

Objective We investigate whether physicians in secondary care in the English NHS receive adequate training to recognise and appropriately refer for services those persons suspected to be victims of human trafficking. Design Freedom of Information requests were sent to the 105 England’s NHS Trusts delivering acute care in England. Setting NHS Trusts providing secondary care in England. Participants English NHS Trusts. Main outcome measures We requested data about the training provided on human trafficking to clinicians, including the nature, delivery, and format of any education, and any planned training. Results A total of 89.5% of the 105 Trusts responded. Of these Trusts, 69% provide education to physicians on human trafficking, and a further 6% provide training but did not specify who received it. The majority of Trusts providing training did so within wider safeguarding provision (91%). Only one trust reported that it provides stand-alone training on trafficking to all its staff, including physicians. Within training offered by Trusts, 54% observed best practice providing training on the clinical indicators of trafficking, while 16% referenced the National Referral Mechanism. Amongst those not providing training, 39% of Trusts report provision is in development. Conclusions Our results find that 25% of NHS Foundation Trusts appear to lack training for physicians around human trafficking. It is also of concern that of the Trusts who currently do not provide training, only 39% are developing training or planning to do so. There is an urgent need to review and update the scope of available training and bring it into alignment with current legislation.

scholarly journals Do freedom of information laws increase transparency of government? A replication of a field experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Grimmelikhuijsen ◽  
Peter John ◽  
Albert Meijer ◽  
Ben Worthy
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Information Requests ◽  
Positive Effect

Transparency and responsiveness are core values of democratic governments, yet do Freedom of Information Laws - one of the legal basis for such values - actually help to increase these values? This paper reports a replication of a field experiment testing for the responsiveness of public authorities by Worthy et al (2016) in the United Kingdom. We sent 390 information requests to Dutch local government bodies, half of which were framed as official FOIA requests, the other half as informal requests for information. We were able to reproduce the original findings, that is, we found a positive effect of FOIA requests on responsiveness. The overall response rate of local governments was much higher (76%) and the size of the effect was larger than in the original experiment. Furthermore, the strongest effect of FOI was found on proactive disclosure (concordance), something that governments - strictly speaking - are not obliged to do according to the Dutch FOIA. Implications for future replication studies are discussed.

Criteria for quality in qualitative research and use of freedom of information requests in the social sciences

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Walby ◽  
Alex Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information Requests

Access to information (ATI) and freedom of information (FOI) requests are an under-used means of producing data in the social sciences, especially across Canada and the United States. We use literature on criteria for quality in qualitative inquiry to enhance ongoing debates and developments in ATI/FOI research, and to extend literature on quality in qualitative inquiry. We do this by building on Tracy’s (2010) article on criteria for quality in qualitative inquiry, which advances meaningful terms of reference for qualitative researchers to use in improving the quality of their work; and illustrating these criteria using examples of ATI/FOI research from our own work and from others’ in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. We argue that, when systematically designed and conducted, ATI/FOI research can prove extraordinary in all eight of Tracy’s criteria.

scholarly journals Ethics review and freedom of information requests in qualitative research

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Walby ◽  
Alex Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Double Jeopardy ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
Information Requests

Freedom of information (FOI) requests are increasingly used in sociology, criminology and other social science disciplines to examine government practices and processes. University ethical review boards (ERBs) in Canada have not typically subjected researchers’ FOI requests to independent review, although this may be changing in the United Kingdom and Australia, reflective of what Haggerty calls ‘ethics creep’. Here we present four arguments for why FOI requests in the social sciences should not be subject to formal ethical review by ERBs. These four arguments are: existing, rigorous bureaucratic vetting; double jeopardy; infringement of citizenship rights; and unsuitable ethics paradigm. In the discussion, we reflect on the implications of our analysis for literature on ethical review and qualitative research, and for literature on FOI and government transparency.

scholarly journals Litigations in trauma and orthopaedic surgery: analysis and outcomes of medicolegal claims during the last 10 years in the United Kingdom National Health Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Haroon Majeed
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Freedom Of Information Act ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Neurological Injuries ◽  
The Cost

This study analyses the outcomes of litigation claims in trauma and orthopaedic surgery between 2008/2009 and 2018/2019. Utilizing a formal request to the NHS Resolution under the Freedom of Information Act, the data related to claims against orthopaedic surgery were obtained. A total of 8548 claims were analysed and re-grouped to perform a meaningful analysis for the type of claims and the type of injuries. The total pay-out cost for the settled claims was over £1.2 billion. The most common types of claims were related to mismanagement (39.0%), diagnostic issues (17.6%), perioperative issues (15.9%) and alleged incompetence (10.2%). The most common primary causes for claims were patients’ dissatisfaction (52.2%), damage to the limbs (19.0%) and neurological injuries (9.2%). The highest amounts of damages paid out were related to patients’ dissatisfaction (37.7%), burns and bruising (31.0%), neurological injuries (24.5%) and damage to the limbs (22.3%). The number of claims and the pay-out cost were found to be steadily increasing; however, there was a slightly declining trend observed during the last two years. The cost of litigation continues to have a significant financial impact on the NHS. The recent declining trend is encouraging; however, surgeons need to take consistent diligent steps to avoid preventable causes that lead to litigation claims. The proposed change in the coding system of claims in the NHS Resolution will not only help to formulate a clear classification system but will also improve the learning from previous experience. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:152-159. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200100

Denitrification of Sewage Effluents in Deep Bed Sand Filters

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Upton
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

The European waste water industry will need to develop denitrification processes to remove nitrogen as pressures increase to reduce nutrient levels discharged in effluents. In the USA deep bed filter technology has been used extensively to provide denitrification to levels less than 5 mg/l TN. This paper describes this technology and the full scale performance at some waste water plants in Florida, USA. This paper also describes a pilot study in the United Kingdom at Severn Trent Water. The results of the pilot plant study indicate that denitrification in deep bed sand filters is a sound robust technology using methanol addition. Nitrogen removals greater than the 70% required in the EC Directive 1991 are possible at winter sewage temperatures. The process is most suitable for achieving nitrogen removal at trickling filter plants. The cost of methanol addition is calculated to be ₤10/1000m3.

scholarly journals Fit for Purpose? Exploring the Role of Freedom of Information Laws and Their Application for Watchdog Journalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110067
Author(s):  
Mária Žuffová
Keyword(s):  
Differential Treatment ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Press ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ground Delays ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
State Relations

Despite great volume of research into press–state relations, we know little about how journalists use information that has been generated through independent bureaucratic processes. The present study addresses this gap by investigating the role of freedom of information (FOI) laws in journalism practice. By surveying journalists ( n = 164), interviewing activists and civil servants ( n = 7) and submitting FOI requests to twenty-one ministerial departments in the United Kingdom, this study explores press-state interactions and the limits of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) application to advance the media’s monitorial function. The results show that journalists perceive FOIA as an essential tool for their work. However, they often described their experience as negative. They reported refusals lacking legal ground, delays, not responding at all or differential treatment. In response to gating access, journalists might also adopt tactics that use loopholes in the law. The press-state interactions, already marked by suspicion, thus, continue to perpetuate distrust. These findings might have implications for journalism practices, FOIAs’ potential for government oversight and democracy. In particular, the differential treatment of requests undermines equality under the law, one of the fundamental democratic principles. The study concludes with several policy recommendations for FOIA reform to meet journalists’ needs better.

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