Economic Efficiency of Mineral Fertilizers Applied for Sorghum Growing in the Forest-Steppe Zones of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Irek Araslanbaev ◽  
Firdavis Avsakhov ◽  
Alisa Ableeva ◽  
Razit Nurlygajanov ◽  
Milyausha Lukyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Southern Urals

scholarly journals Regulating physical and chemical properties of leached chernozems in the forest-steppe of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Rustiam Kiraev ◽  
Iahia Kaipov ◽  
Anvar Shakirzianov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of long-term use of lime, mineral and organic fertilizers on the physico-chemical properties of leached chernozem in the forest-steppe of the Southern Urals. Field experiments were conducted in the instructional farm of the Bashkir Agricultural Research Institute. The terrain is flat. Average annual precipitation varies from 389 to 500 mm. The sum of active temperatures reaches 2180-2230 ° C. The effect of experiment factors was studied in six-field grain-fallow and grain-grass crop rotation fields. The lime rates were calculated according to the total hydrolytic acidity of the soil. The dosage of organic and mineral fertilizers was determined to get the planned yields of crops in the given crop rotation. After liming, the reaction of the soil medium in the arable layer reaches optimal values for crops being pH 5.8-6.0. The amount of exchangeable bases increases from 38-41 to 43-45 mg-eq/100 g of soil. As a result of the complex application of liming, organic and mineral fertilizers, the physico-chemical properties of leached chernozem get close to the optimal parameters for field crop cultivation.

Cultivation of Rapeseed in the Southern Urals and Its Rational Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Nikolay S. Sergeev ◽  
Mikhail V. Zapevalov ◽  
Alexander V. Gritsenko
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Spring Rape

In the continental climate of the southern Urals, rapeseed compares favorably with many forage and traditional silage crops with a high protein content and adaptive properties. The cultivation of rapeseed guarantees the production of its own seeds, up to 40 percent of oil, 60 percent of cake and 98 percent of rapeseed flour. (The research purpose) The research purpose is in improving the efficiency of rapeseed cultivation and rational use of rapeseed seeds, rapeseed flour and oil in the agricultural production in the Chelyabinsk region. (Materials and methods) The influence of various forecrops on the productivity and quality of spring rape seeds in the links of grain-pair crop rotations in the Northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region were studied. Authors have analyzed the chemical composition of the soil and seeds of spring rape after various forecrops. (Results and discussion) The article proposes to reduce energy costs during pressing and reduce residual oil in the cake after pre-grinding of rapeseed by cutting method using a centrifugal-rotary shredder. The article shows that rapeseed flour has a good flowability and is easily mixed with other feeds. It was found that partial replacement of concentrates with rapeseed flour in the amount of 8-12 percent of the total weight in the diet of lactating cows contributes to an increase in milk productivity by 1.1-1.8 kilograms in terms of milk of 4 percent fat content. (Conclusions) It has been revealed that in order to increase the yield and quality of spring rape seeds, it is necessary to place them on the best forecrops. It was found that when 75 percent of rapeseed oil is mixed with 25 percent of diesel fuel, the obtained biodiesel is not inferior to diesel in terms of energy indicators. The article proves that when cultivating rapeseed for seeds on an area of 100 hectares, it is possible to produce 94.5 tons of biodiesel fuel, 106.0 tons of cake with an oil content of 5 percent and 8.4 tons of oil sludge, the estimated economic effect after sale is of 3,813,325 rubles.

scholarly journals Elements of biologization to ensure high energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet growing under the conditions of the Podillia

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Voitova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To study the ways of improving energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation based on the biological system of fertilizer grain-beet crop rotations under the conditions of sufficient moisture, the right-Bank forest-Steppe. Methods. Laboratory and field, statistical. Results. The results of studies on ways of improving energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation based on the biological system of fertilizers in grain-beet crop rotations under the conditions of sufficient moisture in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe are presented, which included technology for sustainable cultivation of sugar beet under the conditions of an acute shortage of organic fertilizers. The technology includes the following elements of biologization: straw, green manure biomass was used as an alternative organic fertilizer directly under sowing of pre-crop. The positive results of increasing energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet is shown. Conclusions. In the acute shortage of organic fertilizers, it is required to use mineral fertilizers and basic elements of biologization, such as green manure, crop residues, and perennial grasses and legumes as pre-crops. This will contribute to the increase in the value of the gross output of feedstock, energy-economic viability and sustainability of agricultural systems in agronomic sense.

scholarly journals Actual Trends in the Latest Research of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz Archaeological Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Lyasovich Vsevolod I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Today, an understanding of the state of knowledge of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures is quite relevant for archaeologists of the Urals and Prikamye. A variety of scientific approaches to understanding the nature of the above cultures gave rise to a lot of questions and problems in the scientific literature relating to the reconstruction of the ancient history of the Southern Urals. This article cites and analyzes recent works related to the history of studying the antiquities of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures of the Southern Urals of the early Iron Age. Based on them, thematic historiographic blocks are identified and conceptual directions in the study of the above-mentioned cultures are determined. Today’s situation shows that in the field of studying the forest-steppe cultures of the Ural region of the Early Iron Age, certain scientific trends have developed, in which theoretical knowledge of the ancient history of this region is developing. Moreover, each of them touches upon a specific feature of the functioning of the Kara-Abyz and Pianobor archaeological cultures in the Early Iron Age in the Southern Urals. The author outlines six actual lines of development of studies of the above-mentioned cultures: 1) historiography; 2) natural science methods in archaeological research; 3) analysis of trade relations; 4) the introduction into the scientific circulation of excavation materials; 5) problems of chronology; 6) problems of the genesis and historical fate of archaeological cultures. In many cases, these theoretical developments of scientists overlap, forming a circle of problems and interests, creating discussions, or complementing each other’s scientific concepts. The latter trend allows us to form a unified system of knowledge and characteristics in understanding the historical development of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures. Keywords: Early Iron Age, pianoborskaya culture, kara-abyzskaya culture, South Ural, Pre-Ural, forest-steppes Pre-Ural, historiography

scholarly journals The Origins and Development of Textile Culture in the Late Bronze Age in the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Ankusheva P.
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Textile Technology ◽  
Comparison Criteria

At the turn of the 3rd / 2nd millennium BC textile artifacts (fabric impressions on ceramics and organic samples) were widespread in the Southern Urals. The paper is devoted to identifying the possible origins of the Sintashta and Alakul textile technologies by comparing them with the data about the products from adjacent territorial and chronological frames. The comparison criteria are the components of the textile culture (raw materials, technology, decoration and application), according to which the sources of the Trans-Ural Eneolithic, Yamnaya, Catacomb, Andronovo communities are systematized. Such innovative technologies as weaving, woolen threads, madder dyeing were first noted in the South Trans-Urals in the Sintashta materials and find their closest parallels in the catacomb materials. The Sintashta, Petrovka and Alakul antiquities demonstrate a single textile technology, organically integrated into the Srubno-Andronovo “world” of steppe and forest-steppe cattle-breeding cultures of Northern Eurasia.

Naturally spreading and natural apple dwarfs in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
O. E. Merezhko ◽  
M. A. Mazunin ◽  
E. Z. Savin ◽  
A. I. Gridnev
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Early Maturity

The article presents tests of natural creeping apple trees and natural dwarfs, carried out in the in the conditions of the Orenburg region. There were from 50 to 100 trees in the experiment in each variant. Vigorous standard plantations were used as control. The aim of the research was to test natural creeping apple trees, natural dwarfs against the background of standard varieties bred in the South Urals (Chelyabinsk), as well as to determine their prospects for intensive horticulture in the extreme conditions of the region. The preservation of plantings for all variants of the experiment for 20 years of research is high and amounted to 92-99 %, their condition was estimated at 4.5-5.0 points. The highest yield was noted for natural dwarfs (457.2 c/ha), the smallest yield was obtained on vigorous standard plantings (control) – 238.7 c/ha. Naturally creeping apple trees in terms of productivity were higher than control by an average of 25 %. Of the naturally creeping varieties, the most productive were the varieties Podsnezhnik (348.3 c/ha), Chudnoe (335.2 c/ha), the least productive were the varieties Plastun and Kovrovoe (255.1 and 262.5 c/ha, respectively). On the natural dwarfs, the most productive variety was the variety Brat Chudnogo (461.2 c/ha). In the control, the most productive varieties were the varieties Symbol (295.9 c/ha) and Nadezhda (270.5 c/ha), less productive were the varieties Pamyat Zhavoronkova and Fevralskoe (208.0 and 224.1 c/ha, respectively). Low-growing plantations, in particular layer and natural varieties of the Urals, are distinguished by their early maturity and, in general, higher productivity per unit area. The highest labor costs are accounted for by natural dwarfs (485.4 person-day/ha) and the lowest in vigorous plantings (317.4 person-day/ha). This has a positive eff ect on the profit and rentability of production.

Influence of glauconite on potato productivity under conditions of insufficient moisturization of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Glaz ◽  
◽  
A.K. Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

Research 2019-2020 in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region showed that the effect of glauconite on the yield and seed productivity of potatoes largely depends on the variety. The effect of glauconite (in doses from 10 to 40 t / ha) on the yield of tubers was proportional to the duration of the growing season of the varieties. The highest yield gains from glauconite were observed in the mid-ripening variety Tarasov – 4.05–4.62 t/ha, then in the medium-early variety Nevsky – 3.26–3.63 t/ha, and the smallest – were in the early variety Rosara – 1.95–2.26 t/ha. Whereas the effect of glauconite on the seed productivity of varieties had the opposite pattern: the greatest increase was observed in early-maturing varieties (Rozara – 1.30–1.56 times, Nevsky – 1.30–1.61 times), and the smallest – in the mid-season variety Tarasov (1.17–1.25 times).

The size of under-ear interstice and productivity of spring soft wheat varieties of different ecological groups in the forest-steppe of Orenburg region

10.12737/6546 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
Feofan Samuilov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
The Impact

The impact of contrasting conditions of water availability on the size of the upper internodes in wheat varieties was studied under the conditions of the Orenburg steppe zone. It was noted, that less drought-resistant varieties formed a short upper internodes. We conducted a mathematical analysis of the relationship of productivity and length of ear-carrying internodes of spring soft wheat varieties of different ecological groups. It was established, that we can observe a gradual increase of grain productivity with increasing the length of the upper internodes in the studied range. As a result, the following varities were selected for inclusion into the hybridization: Logachevka, Tulaykovskaya steppe, Tulaykovskaya 1, Tulaykovskaya Belozernaya, Prokhorovka and Uchitel. They have the optimal settings for the presented feature. Using the selected varieties as parental forms can enhance the efficiency of wheat breeding programs for resistance to drought in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

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