Influence of Vermicompost, Seaweed Extract and Nitrogen Fertilisers on Maize (Zea mays L.) Soil Rhizosphere Microbes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Luma S. Al-Taweel ◽  
Zahraa J. Al-Budairy
Keyword(s):  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Full Maturity

This study shows the influence of adding vermicompost fertiliser, seaweed extracts and nitrogen fertiliser on the number of total bacteria in the soil in the stages of flowering and full maturity. An experiment was carried out in one of the farms located in Nouriya district - Al-Diwaniyah governorate - Iraq, during the autumn season 2019-2020. The experiment was applied in the order of global experiments, according to the design of full randomised sectors, with three replications. The first factor included adding vermicompost fertiliser with three levels (0, 2 and 4 tons h-1) which were coded as A0, A1 and A2, respectively. The second factor included adding seaweed extract at two levels (0 and 40 kg h-1), which were symbolised by B0 and B1, respectively. The third factor included adding nitrogen fertiliser in three levels (0, 120 and 240 kg N h-1) symbolised as C0, C1 and C2, respectively. The levels of vermicompost differed significantly in most of the studied descriptions, as level A2 scored the highest results for the number of bacteria in the two stages of flowering and full maturity, i.e., 88.59 × 107 and 111.54 × 107 CFU gm-1 of dry soil. The treatment of adding seaweed extracts B1 significantly affected the number of bacteria in the two stages of flowering and full maturity (80.04 × 107 and 103.29 × 107 CFU gm-1 dry soil). The treatment of adding C1 nitrogen fertiliser was significantly superior to the number of bacteria in the flowering stage (81.40 × 107 CFU gm-1 dry soil).

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of periodontal pathogen levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peri-implantitis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taichi Ito ◽  
Gentaro Mori ◽  
Yukari Oda ◽  
Tomoki Hirano ◽  
Hodaka Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Average Copy ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacteria

Abstract Objective The mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of peri-implantitis are similar to those of periodontitis, and the causative bacteria are believed to similar. Previous studies support an association between peri-implantitis and periodontal pathogen. Thus, we investigated the bacterial flora of peri-implantitis patients in comparison to those of healthy implant and periodontitis patients. Materials and methods In total, 70 patients visiting Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital were divided into four groups: healthy, periodontitis, healthy implant, and peri-implantitis. For each group, the following five periodontal pathogens were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia. Results The average copy number of total bacteria was significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the other groups. P. gingivalis was detected in the periodontitis and peri-implantitis groups at levels as high as 18.92% and 12.29%, respectively, and P. intermedia was found in the peri-implantitis group at a rate of 2.06%. Nevertheless, periodontal pathogens were generally detected at lower levels in the peri-implantitis group than in the periodontitis group. Conclusion We found lower bacterial counts in the peri-implantitis group relative to the periodontitis group. Our results suggest that the peri-implant tissue is less resistant to bacteria, so even a small number of bacteria can be a risk factor for peri-implantitis and the causative agent of peri-implantitis can be bacteria other than periodontal pathogen.

scholarly journals Kandungan Total Bakteri dan Total Fungi pada Pellet Limbah Penetasan yang Dibuat dengan Penambahan Bentonit

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Aprilian Adi Nugroho ◽  
Sri Sumarsih ◽  
Bambang Sulistiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Range Test

ABSTRAK. Penelitian efek penambahan bentonit dalam proses pelleting terhadap total bakteri dan total fungi dari produk pellet limbah penetasan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif, telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pakan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro. Penambahan bentonit pada proses pelleting diharapkan mengurangi total bakteri dan total fungi pada pellet olahan limbah penetasan, sehingga aman digunakan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif. Pada penelitian ini limbah penetasan yang berupa cangkang telur, telur infertile, telur gagal menetas, serta DOC afkir dan mati dihancurkan, dicampur dengan bentonit dan dibuat pellet, untuk kemudian dianalisis kandungan total bakteri dan total fungi pada produk pellet. Perlakuan bentonit dilakukan dengan aras 0, 2, 4 dan 6% (B/B). Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah ganda Duncan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bentonit dari berbagai level berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01). Pemberian bentonit pada tingkat tertinggi (6%) mampu menekan total bakteri dan total fungi pada kisaran 105 cfu/g. Disimpulkan bahwa bentonit mampu menekan kandungan total bakteri dan total fungi pada produk pellet limbah penetasan. (Numbers of total bacteria and total fungi of hatchery waste pellets that made by adding bentonite) ABSTRACT. A Research about the effect of bentonite addition in the pelletizing process on total bacteria and total fungi of pellet product of hatchery waste as an alternative feedstuff, was done at Feed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University. The addition of bentonite was expected to reduce the number of bacteria and fungi in the pellet product of hatchery waste, therefore, it could be used safely as an alternative feedstuff. In this experiment, the hatchery waste in the forms of eggshell, infertile eggs, un-hatched eggs, dead and culled DOC were blended, mixed with bentonite and pelleted,and then the number of total bacteria and total fungi of pellet was analyzed. The treatment was carried out with the level of bentonite i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 6% (w/w). Completely randomized design (CRD)was applied by 4 treatments and 5 replications of each. Data analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and followed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) to determine differences among the treatments. The results showed that administration of bentonite at various levels significantly affect the number of bacteria and fungi in the hatchery waste pellets (P <0.01). Administration of bentonite at the level of 6% shows the highest value on suppressing the content of total bacteria as well as fungi up to the range of total content 105cfu/g. In conclusion, the bentonite was able to suppress the total amount of bacteria and total fungi in the hatchery waste pellets.

scholarly journals Effect of various nitrogen doses on copper and zinc accumulation in yellow lupine biomass

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wysokiński ◽  
Beata Kuziemska ◽  
Izabela Łozak ◽  
Monika Kożuchowska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Yellow Lupine ◽  
Full Maturity

Abstract Field experiments determined copper and zinc content and accumulation in yellow lupine roots, stems, leaves, flowers, pods and seeds. The test factors included development stages (BBCH 65 and BBCH 90) at which harvest was performed as well as nitrogen doses (0, 30, and 120 kg·ha−1) introduced to the soil prior to sowing. A higher copper content (by an average of 20.9%) and zinc content (by 53.7%) were obtained in the whole mass of lupine harvested at the flowering stage compared to that at the full maturity stage. Yellow lupine fertilised with 120 kg N·ha−1 contained and took up more copper and zinc than both lupine cultivated without nitrogen fertilization and fertilised with 30 kg N·ha−1. The application of different nitrogen doses had no significant effect on the contents of the micronutrients in the seeds of the test plant. The amount of copper and zinc accumulated in the seeds was the largest following the application of 120 kg N·ha−1. Lupine accumulated the largest amounts of both elements in the leaves irrespective of the development stage at which the harvest was carried out. The bioaccumulation factor for copper and zinc was higher in the lupine harvested at the flowering stage than in the lupine harvested at full maturity, but it was not significantly determined by the applied nitrogen fertilization. The values of translocation coefficient for the tested heavy metals, usually higher than 1, indicate significant potential for their accumulation in yellow lupine biomass. Under conditions of an increased zinc content in the soil, lupine green matter harvested at the flowering stage contained an above-standard amount of this heavy metal and could not be used for animal feed.

scholarly journals Effects of seaweed extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, methane production, and microbial abundance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youyoung Choi ◽  
Shin Ja Lee ◽  
Hyun Sang Kim ◽  
Jun Sik Eom ◽  
Seong Uk Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Prevotella Ruminicola

AbstractSeveral seaweed extracts have been reported to have potential antimethanogenic effects in ruminants. In this study, the effect of three brown seaweed species (Undaria pinnatifida, UPIN; Sargassum fusiforme, SFUS; and Sargassum fulvellum, SFUL) on rumen fermentation characteristics, total gas, methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and microbial populations were investigated using an in vitro batch culture system. Seaweed extract and its metabolites, total flavonoid and polyphenol contents were identified and compared. For the in vitro batch, 0.25 mg∙mL−1 of each seaweed extract were used in 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of incubation. Seaweed extract supplementation decreased CH4 yield and its proportion to total gas production after 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation, while total gas production were not significantly different. Total volatile fatty acid and molar proportion of propionate increased with SFUS and SFUL supplementation after 24 h of incubation, whereas UPIN was not affected. Additionally, SFUS increased the absolute abundance of total bacteria, ciliate protozoa, fungi, methanogenic archaea, and Fibrobacter succinogenes. The relative proportions of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and Prevotella ruminicola were lower with seaweed extract supplementation, whereas Anaerovibrio lipolytica increased. Thus, seaweed extracts can decrease CH4 production, and alter the abundance of rumen microbial populations.

scholarly journals Omissions in the disinfection of a craft-slaughterhouse

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Jankovic ◽  
Radislava Teodorovic ◽  
Marijana Vucinic ◽  
Stefan Pintaric ◽  
Milutin Djordjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Disinfection Procedure ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Mechanical Cleaning ◽  
Exposition Time

The aim of this study was to establish the difference in the total number of bacteria present on some surfaces after disinfection was performed either by a professional or a layman employed at the slaughterhouse. Based upon the obtained results it can be concluded that there were omissions in the disinfection procedure. The study material consisted of wet and dry swabs taken during a five week period, before and after disinfection was performed either by a professional or a laymen. The following surfaces were sampled: meat carving knife, meat hooks, floor of the stunning area, and corridor floor. The procedure for wet swabs was carried out in accordance with the standard ISO 18593 method. The number of bacteria was estimated from each sample with the standard ISO 4833 method. Disinfection was performed with a 0.02% chlorine solution; the exposition time was 30 min. According to the obtained results it can be concluded that after disinfection was carried out by a professional- veterinarian, or by a layman, all surfaces which were previously treated correctly (mechanical cleaning and sanitary washing), and disinfected measured a significant decrease in the number of total bacteria (log cfu/cm2). The results for the total number of bacteria obtained after disinfection of the stunt area indicate on possible omissions as the number of bacteria did not decrease.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Bimin221 and Seaweed Extract on Lime Seedling Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012120
Author(s):  
Kadhim Jawad Aja ◽  
Ghalib Bahio Aboud Al-Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Interaction Treatment ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

Abstract This study was conducted in a certified citrus production nursery in Karbala province, Al-Hindiya district for the season 2020, on lime seedlings (Citrus aurantifolia) rootstock at the age of 6 months, It was sprayed with the nutrient solution Biumin 221 at concentrations (0, 1.5, 2, 2.5 m.L-1) and Basfoliar Kelp seaweed extracts at concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5) ml L-. The results showed that spraying the seedlings with single and combined study treatments led to a significant increase in all the vegetative and nutrition traits of lime seedlings. The treatment (2.5 g.L-1 nutrient solution + 4.5 ml.L-1 seaweed extract) achieved the highest averages in most of the traits. While the interaction treatment between the concentration (2.5 g.L-1 of the nutrient solution and concentration of 3 ml.L-1 of seaweed extract was excelled in the traits of leaf content of total carbohydrates, the percentage of nitrogen, iron, and zinc.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF POVIDONE IODINE TREATMENT ON BACTERIAL COMMUNITY ASSOCIATED WITH WHITE SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) LARVAE

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Artini Pangastuti ◽  
Antonius Suwanto ◽  
Yulin Lestari ◽  
Maggy T. Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Iodine Treatment ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacteria

The efficacy of povidone iodine as a surface disinfectant was assessed in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) eggs and larvae. Eggs and nauplii were exposed to povidone iodine 20 ppm for 20 seconds. Culture-based method and Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) were used to monitor the total number of bacteria and diversity of the bacterial community associated with shrimp eggs and larva at each developmental stage. Povidone iodine reduced the total culturable bacteria, especially Vibrio, on eggs and nauplii, as well as the total bacteria in the whole community as estimated by T-RFLP results. Povidone iodine also reduced the diversity of bacterial community and altered the evenness of phylotypes distribution suggesting that the use of povidone iodine as a surface disinfectant in shrimp aquaculture should be reconsidered.

THE EFFECT OF A SEAWEED EXTRACT CONTAINING CYTOKININ ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BARLEY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. TAYLOR ◽  
K. N. HARKER ◽  
J. M. ROBERTSON ◽  
K. R. FOSTER
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Seaweed Extracts

A cytokinin-containing seaweed extract, Nitrozyme™ (Nitrozyme1), was tested under field conditions over 4 yr for its effects on the growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In 1986 and 1987, Nitrozyme did not increase yield and had no beneficial effects on growth of Harrington and Bonanza barley. In 1988 and 1989, the effects of Nitrozyme on barley (cv. Leduc) were compared against those of kinetin, a synthetic cytokinin. Neither Nitrozyme nor kinetin had an effect on growth or yield.Key words: Nitrozyme, seaweed extracts, cytokinins, kinetin, plant growth regulator, Hordeum vulgare L.

scholarly journals STUDY ON IMMUNOSTIMULATORY PROPERTY OF FEW SEAWEEDS INJECTED INTRAPERITONEALLY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Radhika ◽  
A. Mohaideen
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Gracilaria Corticata ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Objective: Three type of seaweed was chosen for the study namely Gracilaria corticata, Ulva lactuca and Stocheospermum marginatum and was extracted with ethanol.Methods: The fishes [Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (weight 10±5g)] were divided into five groups. They were infected with A. hydrophila (1.6 × 104 CFU/fish). The infected three groups were injected with seaweed extract (0.20 mg) suspended in saline solution. One group was injected only saline control the other one group was injected with ciprofloxacin (0.20 mg) (standard) suspended in saline. The experiment was carried out for 28 d. Every seven days interval the fishes were injected with seaweed extract and blood parameters of RBC, WBC, HB, Ht, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were recorded.Results: The MCHC value of Gracilaria corticata was recorded in 28th day (29.28±1.15) g/l. In Stocheospermum marginatum, the MCHC value was found in (27.19±1.62) g/l on 28th day. The Ulva lactuca had a MCHC value of (26.80±2) g/l on 28th day.Conclusion: From this study, we can understand that the fish injected with seaweed extracts as good Immunostimulants properties.  

scholarly journals Soil microbial communities and dehydrogenase activity depending on farming systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Järvan ◽  
L. Edesi ◽  
A. Adamson ◽  
T. Võsa
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Total Bacteria

The aim of study was to compare the effect of farming methods on soil microbial communities and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). During 2008&ndash;2013, in the five-field crop rotation the following treatments were carried out: ORG &ndash; organic; ORGFYM &ndash; organic with cattle manure; CONFYM &ndash; conventional (cattle manure, mineral fertilizers and pesticides were used). From the treatments soil samples in three replicates were taken for microbiological tests in September yearly. Total bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria were determined as a number of colony forming units per g of dry soil. Soil DHA was determined in accordance with Tabatabai (1982). Solid cattle manure applied in the ORGFYM rotation increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) the number of total bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria (by 19.4% and 45.3%, respectively), and DHA by 22.7%. There appeared no clear and significant differences in effects between ORGFYM and CONFYM treatments, as an average of experiment period. In some cases, the use of certain pesticides in CONFYM treatment significantly affected the microbe numbers and soil DHA.

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