Roles and their three facets: A foundational perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-192
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Toyoshima
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Ontology Design ◽  
Practical Development ◽  
Role Choices ◽  
Role Position ◽  
The Relationship

Roles remain nebulous entities, notwithstanding their extensive interdisciplinary research. This paper argues through a meta-ontological conceptual tool of grounding that there are three key facets of roles: a role position, a role specification, and a role potential. A foundational perspective on roles can be specified by “role choices” as to which facet of roles is primary. Role choices are illustrated with theories of roles that are built in compliance with four well-known upper ontologies: GFO, DOLCE, BFO, and UFO. The relationship between such three facets of roles and the GFO-based three kinds of roles (relational, processual, and social) is closely examined. These three facets are also comparatively studied from linguistic (e.g. ‘have a role’ versus ‘play a role’) and methodological (realism versus conceptualism regarding ontology design) perspectives. Furthermore, the family resemblance view of roles as “epistemic trackers” is proposed: the general notion of role is merely (partially) unified by its three facets and helps to keep track of some entity with respect to its role-related aspects. Finally, defining characteristics of roles in conceptual modeling are considered in terms of the three-facet theory. This work provides the grist for future practical development of an ontological module for generic role representation.

scholarly journals Ecological Culture and Sustainable Development: unity of nature, society and culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
E.G. Vinogradova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Practical Development ◽  
Ecological Culture ◽  
The Relationship

An attempt is made to identify aspects of the relationship between nature, society and culture in order to understand the principles on which it is possible to build sustainable development in the modern world on the basis of environmental conservation. It is suggested to consider this problem within the framework of studying the laws of nature, the interdependence of nature and culture, in particular its scientific component. The historical influence of cultural factors and world understanding of philosophical schools on the nature of practical development is traced. The primary role in solving the global environmental problem is assigned to education, as well as the direction of spiritual culture to respect the rights of future generations and respect for other national traditions.

The Influence of Mother-Daughter Relationships on Women's Sense of Self and Current Role Choices

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Sholomskas ◽  
Rosalind Axelrod
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Control ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Role Satisfaction ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Career Women ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Role Choices ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship of women's current role choices, role satisfaction, and self-esteem to their perceptions of the earlier relationship with their mothers and to their perceptions of their mothers' role choices and role satisfaction. Sixty-seven married women with preschool children were interviewed and completed self-report inventories. Results indicated that the women's primary role decisions of career, non-career work, or homemaking did not parallel those of their mothers but was related to their mothers' messages to them. In addition, career women and women at home reported having more choice in their decisions than did non-career working women. Women's self-esteem and role satisfaction were significantly enhanced ( p < .05) when the relationship with the mother was perceived as loving and accepting, with low hostility and low psychological control. In contrast, women's self-esteem and role satisfaction were generally unrelated to the retrospective reports of the mothers' roles and role satisfaction.

Early Moore against the Particular–Universal Distinction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser MacBride
Keyword(s):  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Primary Role

This chapter argues that the early G.E. Moore went beyond realism and nominalism by advancing a form of categorial monism that was committed only to concepts, where concepts are the constituents of mind independent propositions but concepts are neither substances nor attributes. Moore’s outlook was a consequence of his doctrine that existential propositions have a primary role in constituting reality but lack subject–predicate form, the form of discourse required to articulate the notions of substance and attribute as Kant had done. Moore’s concepts have a family resemblance to Strawson’s features. The chapter concludes by addressing the (alleged) influence of Bradley and Brentano.

The Importance of Central Pacific Meridional Heat Advection to the Development of ENSO

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-59
Author(s):  
Caihong Wen ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Michelle L’ Heureux ◽  
Yan Xue ◽  
Emily Becker
Keyword(s):  
Water Volume ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Equatorial Pacific Ocean ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Enso Prediction ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Ocean Reanalyses ◽  
Equatorial Thermocline ◽  
Warm Water Volume ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between the Warm Water Volume (WWV) ENSO precursor and ENSO SST weakened substantially after ~2000, coinciding with a degradation in dynamical model ENSO prediction skill. It is important to understand the drivers of the equatorial thermocline temperature variations and their linkage to ENSO onsets. In this study, a set of ocean reanalyses is employed to assess factors responsible for the variation of the equatorial Pacific Ocean thermocline during 1982-2019. Off-equatorial thermocline temperature anomalies carried equatorward by the mean meridional currents associated with Pacific Tropical Cells are shown to play an important role in modulating the central equatorial thermocline variations, which is rarely discussed in the literature. Further, ENSO events are delineated into two groups based on precursor mechanisms: the western equatorial type (WEP) ENSO, when the central equatorial thermocline is mainly influenced by the zonal propagation of anomalies from the western Pacific, and the off-equatorial central Pacific (OCP) ENSO, when off-equatorial central thermocline anomalies play the primary role. WWV is found to precede all WEP ENSO by 6-9 months, while the correlation is substantially lower for OCP ENSO events. In contrast, the central tropical Pacific (CTP) precursor, which includes off-equatorial thermocline signals, has a very robust lead correlation with the OCP ENSO. Most OCP ENSO events are found to follow the same ENSO conditions, and the number of OCP ENSO increases substantially since the 21st century. These results highlight the importance of monitoring off-equatorial subsurface preconditions for ENSO prediction and to understand multi-year ENSO.

scholarly journals Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Learning Objects

10.28945/2913 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
Reflective Learning ◽  
Learning Object ◽  
Instructional Designers ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Practical Development ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Knowledge Objects ◽  
The Relationship

Briefly the objective of this presentation is to provide an overview of the origin of the concept and term of learning object in instructional design within the context of standardized, sharable, computer-based operations. Secondly, the philosophical foundations will be discussed mainly in terms of the framework of the crucial distinction between learning objects as mere external knowledge objects and the process of self-reflective learning that is needed to make the use of learning objects truly successful. Both the historical and philosophical foundations of learning objects will be treated in terms of the relationship between learning objects and learning subjects. The latter includes both instructional designers in the historical and practical development of learning objects, and the audience for which learning objects are intended to help educate. Particularly, historical and philosophical foundations should recognize the dual trajectory towards producing standardized small curricular units and at the same time affecting, educating and even transforming learners.

Religion and International Crimes

2019 ◽  
pp. 192-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Nanninga
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The West ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter introduces insights from the field of religious studies to research on perpetrators in order to examine the relationship between religion and international crimes. To this end, the chapter focuses on the case of the Islamic State, and particularly its crimes against the Iraqi Yazidi community and its attacks in the West. Based on primary sources, it argues that religion plays a primary role in the perpetrators self-understandings, serving as a significant framework through which they shape, justify, and give meaning to their violence. However, the chapter also demonstrates that religion cannot be consistently distinguished from non-religious or secular aspects of violence. Therefore, it argues, attributing a particular role to religion in explaining international crimes is inconsistent, and distinguishing between ‘religious violence’ and its secular counterpart not very helpful. Based on these observations, the chapter concludes by providing suggestions for future research on the topic.

Ontology Design for Interaction in a Reasonable Enterprise

2011 ◽  
pp. 48-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Gangemi ◽  
Valentina Presutti
Keyword(s):  
Design Patterns ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Formal Context ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Ontology Design ◽  
Interaction Modeling ◽  
Business Objects

In this chapter we show a simple example of how different but complementary approaches to enterprise business interaction modeling (e.g., business process management, business objects, e-services, workflow management systems, etc.) can be reengineered and integrated within a same formal context. Our method is based on content ontology design patterns (CODePs), which provide a conceptual tool to build content modularly, and to describe an enterprise and its interactions in the same domain of discourse as its social and informational contexts. The objectives of our method include: (1) encoding the requirements from the communities of practice involved in business interactions; (2) reengineering and integrating existing languages and ontologies for business interaction; (3) creating a formal infrastructure to represent the dependencies between enterprises, social interaction and practices, legal regulations, and the physical world. As a result, entities like organizations, roles, social relationships, material resources, information objects, workflows, events, and so forth, are represented according to a set of modular, interoperable ontologies.

scholarly journals Functional interaction of the K-Cl cotransporter (KCC1) with the Na-K-Cl cotransporter in HEK-293 cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. C328-C336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Gillen ◽  
Bliss Forbush
Keyword(s):  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Functional Interaction ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Hek 293 Cells ◽  
Hek Cells ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Hypotonic Cell Swelling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fold Activation

We have studied the regulation of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC1 and its functional interaction with the Na-K-Cl cotransporter. K-Cl cotransporter activity was substantially activated in HEK-293 cells overexpressing KCC1 (KCC1-HEK) by hypotonic cell swelling, 50 mM external K, and pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Bumetanide inhibited 86Rb efflux in KCC1-HEK cells after cell swelling [inhibition constant ( K i) ∼190 μM] and pretreatment with NEM ( K i ∼60 μM). Thus regulation of KCC1 is consistent with properties of the red cell K-Cl cotransporter. To investigate functional interactions between K-Cl and Na-K-Cl cotransporters, we studied the relationship between Na-K-Cl cotransporter activation and intracellular Cl concentration ([Cl]i). Without stimulation, KCC1-HEK cells had greater Na-K-Cl cotransporter activity than controls. Endogenous Na-K-Cl cotransporter of KCC1-HEK cells was activated <2-fold by low-Cl hypotonic prestimulation, compared with 10-fold activation in HEK-293 cells and >20-fold activation in cells overexpressing the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1-HEK). KCC1-HEK cells had lower resting [Cl]i than HEK-293 cells; cell volume was not different among cell lines. We found a steep relationship between [Cl]i and Na-K-Cl cotransport activity within the physiological range, supporting a primary role for [Cl]iin activation of Na-K-Cl cotransport and in apical-basolateral cross talk in ion-transporting epithelia.

scholarly journals Measuring Ideology in the Croatian Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-151
Author(s):  
Kosta Bovan ◽  
Valentino Petrović ◽  
Leon Runje
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between the unidimensional‎ left-right measure of ideology and more nuanced measures of major political‎ ideologies as well as to ascertain the validity of the left-right measure of‎ ideology as a conceptual tool for analysing ideological preferences within the‎ Croatian context. This was accomplished by deploying an online questionnaire‎ on a convenient, non-representative sample of students from the University of‎ Zagreb, Croatia. The students were recruited via various social media student‎ groups. The paper starts by theoretically exploring the six major ideologies‎ from which it develops a pool of items for measuring said ideologies. The data‎ acquired via the aforementioned questionnaires was then analysed with the‎ goal of assessing the best items to measure each ideology. The paper goes on‎ to assess the relationship between the respondents’ support of major ideologies‎ and their self-positioning on the left-right ideology scale. The acquired results‎ demonstrate that the respondents possess a general understanding of the ideological‎ left-to-right scale and are coherent in their preferences with the values‎ of their ideology of choice. They further demonstrate that the correlations between‎ the participants’ self-positioning on the left-right continuum and level‎ of support for particular ideologies follow the expected direction. Therefore,‎ while taking the limits of the deployed sample type into account, the paper reaffirms‎ the validity of the left-right measure of ideology as a conceptual tool‎ for analysing ideological preferences within the Croatian context.‎

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