scholarly journals Wireless Charger for Artificial Pacemaker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinaya.B ◽  
Abirami.A.P ◽  
Divya.J ◽  
Rajalakshmi.R
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rechargeable Battery ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Inductive Power Transfer ◽  
Voltage Controller ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency

The vast majority of the modernized implantable devices and Bio-sensors are set inside a patient’s body. To overcome this constraint, in this paper we have designed a rechargeable battery with wireless power transfer technique. The transdermal power transfer for the Pacemaker which is placed inside the heart should be possible by the concept of mutual inductance. The receiver loop ought to be situated inside the body and the transmitter curl ought to be situated outside of the body. The voltage controller will give or manage the necessary yield (output) voltage. The experiments were conducted on wireless charging through pork tissues reveal that from a 3.919-mw power source, 3.072-mw power can be received at 300kHz, reaching a high wireless power transfer efficiency of 78.4%, showing that the charging is very fast. We have also connected a Bluetooth Module to the Atmega328 microcontroller. This Bluetooth technology is used in the Android mobile application to notice the charging levels of the pacemaker. This Inductive power transfer technique takes out the danger of contamination which is brought about by the medical procedure.

scholarly journals A Modified Wireless Power Transfer System for Medical Implants

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosra Ben Fadhel ◽  
Sana Ktata ◽  
Khaled Sedraoui ◽  
Salem Rahmani ◽  
Kamal Al-Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Small Form ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Small Form Factor

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a promising technique, yet still an experimental solution, to replace batteries in existing implants and overcome the related health complications. However, not all techniques are adequate to meet the safety requirements of medical implants for patients. Ensuring a compromise between a small form factor and a high Power Transfer Efficiency (PTE) for transcutaneous applications still remains a challenge. In this work, we have used a resonant inductive coupling for WPT and a coil geometry optimization approach to address constraints related to maintaining a small form factor and the efficiency of power transfer. Thus, we propose a WPT system for medical implants operating at 13.56 MHz using high-efficiency Complementary Metal Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) components and an optimized Printed Circuit Coil (PCC). It is divided into two main circuits, a transmitter circuit located outside the human body and a receiver circuit implanted inside the body. The transmitter circuit was designed with an oscillator, driver and a Class-E power amplifier. Experimental results acquired in the air medium show that the proposed system reaches a power transfer efficiency of 75.1% for 0.5 cm and reaches 5 cm as a maximum transfer distance for 10.67% of the efficiency, all of which holds promise for implementing WPT for medical implants that don’t require further medical intervention, and without taking up a lot of space.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Coupling Coefficient of the Inductive Link for Wireless Power Transfer to Biomedical Implants

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jiarui Bao ◽  
Shuyan Hu ◽  
Zibin Xie ◽  
Guangxi Hu ◽  
Ye Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Inductive Link ◽  
High Frequency Structure Simulator ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Air Muscle

This work focuses on the optimization of coupling coefficient (k) of the inductive link for the wireless power transfer (WPT) system to be used in implantable medical devices (IMDs) of centimeter size. The analytic expression of k is presented. Simulations are conducted by using the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS). Analytic results are verified with simulations. The receiving (Rx) coil is implanted in the body and set as a circular coil with a radius of 5 millimeters for reducing the risk of tissue inflammation. The inductive link under misalignment scenarios is optimized to improve k. When the distance between the transmitting (Tx) and Rx coils is fixed at 20 mm, it is found that, to maximize k, the Tx coil in a planar spiral configuration with an average radius of 20 mm is preferred, and the Rx coil in a solenoid configuration with a wire pitch of 0.7 mm is recommended. Based on these optimization results, an inductive link WPT system is proposed; the coupling coefficient k, the power transfer efficiency (PTE), and the maximum power delivered to the load (MPDL) of the system are obtained with both simulation and experiment. Different media of air, muscle, and bone separating the Tx and Rx coils are tested. For the muscle (bone) medium, PTE is 44.14% (43.07%) and MPDL is 145.38 mW (128.13 mW), respectively.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Power Feedback and Maximum Efficiency Point Tracking for Miniaturized RF Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
Sebastian Stoecklin ◽  
Adnan Yousaf ◽  
Gunnar Gidion ◽  
Leonhard Reindl ◽  
Stefan J. Rupitsch
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Inductive Link ◽  
Load Power ◽  
Voltage Controller

Near-field interfaces with miniaturized coil systems and low output power levels, such as applied in biomedical sensor systems, can suffer from severe efficiency degradation due to dynamic impedance mismatches, reducing battery life of the power transmitter unit and requiring to increase the level of electromagnetic emission. Moreover, the stability of weakly-coupled power transfer systems is generally limited by transient changes in coil alignment and load power consumption. Hence, a central research question in the domain of wireless power transfer is how to realize an adaptive impedance matching system under the constraints of a simultaneous power feedback to increase the system’s efficiency and stability, while maintaining circuit characteristics such as small size, low power consumption and fast reaction times. This paper presents a novel approach based on a two-stage control loop implemented in the primary-side reader unit, which uses a digital PI controller to maintain the rectifier output voltage for power feedback and an on-top perturb-and-observe controller configuring the setpoint of the voltage controller to maximize efficiency. The paper mathematically analyzes the AC and DC transfer characteristics of a resonant inductive link to design the reactive AC matching network, the digital voltage controller and ultimately the DC-domain impedance matching algorithm. It was found that static reactive L networks result in suitable efficiency levels for coils with sufficiently high quality factor even without adaptive tuning of operational frequency or reactive components. Furthermore, the regulated output voltage of the rectifier is a direct measure of the DC load impedance when using a regular DC/DC converter to supply the load circuits, so that this quantity can be tuned to maximize efficiency. A prototype implementation demonstrates the algorithms in a 40.68 MHz inductive link with load power levels from 10 to 100 mW and tuning time constants of 300 ms, while allowing for a simplified receiver with a footprint smaller than 200 mm2 and a self-consumption below 1 mW. Hence, the presented concepts enable adaptive impedance matching with favorable characteristics for low-energy sensor systems, i.e., minimized footprint, power level and reaction time.

scholarly journals Wireless Power Transfer Techniques for Implantable Medical Devices: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadeque Reza Khan ◽  
Sumanth Kumar Pavuluri ◽  
Gerard Cummins ◽  
Marc P. Y. Desmulliez
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Tissue Safety

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems have become increasingly suitable solutions for the electrical powering of advanced multifunctional micro-electronic devices such as those found in current biomedical implants. The design and implementation of high power transfer efficiency WPT systems are, however, challenging. The size of the WPT system, the separation distance between the outside environment and location of the implanted medical device inside the body, the operating frequency and tissue safety due to power dissipation are key parameters to consider in the design of WPT systems. This article provides a systematic review of the wide range of WPT systems that have been investigated over the last two decades to improve overall system performance. The various strategies implemented to transfer wireless power in implantable medical devices (IMDs) were reviewed, which includes capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, magnetic resonance coupling and, more recently, acoustic and optical powering methods. The strengths and limitations of all these techniques are benchmarked against each other and particular emphasis is placed on comparing the implanted receiver size, the WPT distance, power transfer efficiency and tissue safety presented by the resulting systems. Necessary improvements and trends of each WPT techniques are also indicated per specific IMD.

scholarly journals Maximizing Transfer Efficiency with an Adaptive Wireless Power Transfer System for Variable Load Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1417
Author(s):  
Jung-Hoon Cho ◽  
Byoung-Hee Lee ◽  
Young-Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Loading Condition ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Variable Loading ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency

Electronic devices usually operate in a variable loading condition and the power transfer efficiency of the accompanying wireless power transfer (WPT) method should be optimizable to a variable load. In this paper, a reconfigurable WPT technique is introduced to maximize power transfer efficiency in a weakly coupled, variable load wireless power transfer application. A series-series two-coil wireless power network with resonators at a frequency of 150 kHz is presented and, under a variable loading condition, a shunt capacitor element is added to compensate for a maximum efficiency state. The series capacitance element of the secondary resonator is tuned to form a resonance at 150 kHz for maximum power transfer. All the capacitive elements for the secondary resonators are equipped with reconfigurability. Regardless of the load resistance, this proposed approach is able to achieve maximum efficiency with constant power delivery and the power present at the load is only dependent on the input voltage at a fixed operating frequency. A comprehensive circuit model, calculation and experiment is presented to show that optimized power transfer efficiency can be met. A 50 W WPT demonstration is established to verify the effectiveness of this proposed approach.

Wireless Power Transfer Systems via Strong Coupled Magnetic Resonances — Design, PCB Implementation and Tests

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 5984-5989
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Yao ◽  
Hong Yan Zhang ◽  
Zheng Geng
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Coil Winding ◽  
Magnetic Resonances

In this paper, we present theoretical analysis and detailed design of a class of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems based on strong coupled magnetic resonances. We established the strong coupled resonance conditions for practically implementable WPT systems. We investigated the effects of non-ideal conditions presented in most practical systems on power transfer efficiency and proposed solutions to deal with these problems. We carried out a design of WPT system by using PCB (Printed Circuit Board) antenna pair, which showed strong coupled magnetic resonances. The innovations of our design include: (1) a new coil winding pattern for resonant coils that achieves a compact space volume, (2) fabrication of resonant coils on PCBs, and (3) integration of the entire system on a pair of PCBs. Extensive experiments were performed and experimental results showed that our WPT system setup achieved a guaranteed power transfer efficiency 14% over a distance of two times characteristic length(44cm). The wireless power transfer efficiency in this PCB based experimental system was sufficiently high to lighten up a LED with a signal generator.

scholarly journals Tuning of a wireless power transfer system with a hybrid capacitor array

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Nurcan Keskin ◽  
Huaping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Capacitor Array ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer System

Power transfer efficiency in loosely coupled inductive systems can be enhanced by resonance. Primary and secondary can be tuned to same resonant frequency. In this paper, MOSFET-based Varactors and switchable capacitors are used for re-tuning of such a system at 13.56 MHz. This is achieved either using each cap structure alone or as a hybrid model. These techniques are designed for 13.56 MHz wireless power transfer system.

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