scholarly journals Deep Psychological Learning of Japanese Anime Graphics in India Using Cognitive Computation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranjal Singh ◽  
Gondi Surender Dhanunjay ◽  
Thakur Santosh ◽  
Bhavana S ◽  
K. Vengatesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
2D Animation ◽  
Cognitive Computation ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
Japanese Animation ◽  
Art Style

This paper analyzes the Japanese Animation (Anime), their art style, how it is created, about popular Anime series and movies, their growth, and adaptation in India and mainly about the growing Anime fans. Majority of Anime series and movies still use two-dimensional (2D) animation style even though there are constant technological advancements in the field of media and entertainment. Though there are setbacks in Anime, we can observe that the growth in Anime viewership is constantly rising. The animation pipeline system that is involved in the making of an Anime will also be explained in detail for a better understanding of the animation process. A research is conducted through a questionnaire form to collect the required information for the study. The data collected is examined methodically and reported. The respondents are the Anime fans, Anime viewers, Anime influencers of all age groups. The survey is mainly to understand why they prefer watching Anime, how often they watch anime? what do they like about it? how were thy influenced to watch Anime? and if Anime fans influenced other individuals to watch Anime and how many people have, they influenced to watch Anime.

scholarly journals Volume Measurements in Aortic Root Assessment Using Two-Dimensional Echocardiography

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. CMC.S39383
Author(s):  
Adebayo T. Oyedeji ◽  
Bolaji E. Egbewale ◽  
Adeseye A. Akintunde ◽  
Ebenezer A. Ajayi ◽  
Olukolade O. Owojori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Root ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Aortic Dilatation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
2D Echocardiography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Dimensional Echocardiography

Background Aortic dilatation is associated with the presence of aortic diseases. Current guidelines for assessing the aortic root (AoR) depend on linear measurements acquired by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. We considered that real-time three-dimensional echocardiography, which correlates better with AoR volume obtained by computed tomography, is widely unavailable, and therefore, there is a need to determine the AoR volume using 2D echocardiography. Methods Fifty-one consecutive apparently healthy volunteers were recruited and subsequently divided into three age groups. Specified planes of acquisition and previously defined landmarks were identified, and phases of the cardiac cycle that allowed for measurement standardization were used. Volume was determined by the modified Simpson's method. Results Although the average diastolic and systolic volume measurements of the AoR dimensions were not significantly different across the three age groups in the study population, a highly significant difference was observed in the volume measurements between male and female normotensive persons, P < 0.01 in each case. AoR volume measurements were five times in the diseased compared with the normotensive individuals; however, linear measurements were only 1.5 times in size of the normal individuals. Both point and interval estimates of the volume measurements of AoR in adult normotensives in three age groups were presented as baseline information. Conclusions We hereby present a novel way to determine the AoR volume using 2D echocardiography and the normal reference range with respect to age and gender. We also established the relevance of our measurement by comparing the normal population with two isolated diseased aortas.

scholarly journals Skull asymmetries in wild boar (Sus scrofa LINNAEUS, 1758)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. e150704
Author(s):  
Pere M. Parés-Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Perfect Symmetry ◽  
Left And Right

Organisms can develop different kinds of asymmetry when deviations from expected perfect symmetry occur. Among others are fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and directional asymmetry (DA). FA represents small random differences between corresponding parts on the left and right sides of an individual in bilaterally paired structures. It is thought that FA reflects an organism’s ability to cope with genetic and environmental stress during growth. DA occurs whenever one side on the plane of symmetry develops more than the other side, and has a genetic component. In this research, we examined the expression of morphological symmetry in 38 skulls of different age groups of wild boar (Sus scrofa), on their ventral aspect, using two-dimensional coordinates of 27 landmarks. Analyses showed the presence of significant FA and DA in the entire sample, detecting also distinctive differences between age groups. The obtained results show that the shape differences in different age groups could reasonably be a consequence of a response to environmental factors for FA and a masticatory lateralization for DA.

scholarly journals SPATIAL PATTERNS IN POPULATIONS WITH TWO AGE GROUPS: SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CHAOS, CHIMERS, AND SOLITARY STATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
M.P. Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Two Age Groups

The article studies the conditions for the emergence of various types of inhomogeneous spatial distribution that arise in the model of populations with two age groups living in an extended two-dimensional area. The author proposes several quantitative indicators to identify the regular (clusters of synchronous populations in the form of spots, stripes or labyrinths) and the irregular (chimeras, solitary states and space-time chaos) spatial structures.

scholarly journals A SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY FOR IDENTIFYING THE LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION AND AWARENESS OF CHEMICAL HAZARD SYMBOLS

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-181
Author(s):  
Cemal Tosun
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chemical Hazard ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to identify the levels of knowledge, perception and awareness of chemical hazard symbols of participants from a variety of backgrounds and ranging in age from 12 years to 40 and over. Experts were consulted for the contextual and the language validity of each item on the scale. In line with the opinions of the experts, the scale, consisting of a total of 25 items distributed under four sections, was applied to 462 participants of all age groups, so as to calculate the discrimination and difficulty indexes. In order to decide whether the third section of the scale is one-dimensional or two-dimensional, data obtained from the 13 multiple-choice questions constituting this section were examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Afterwards the items constituting the second and the third sections of the scale were tested in terms of their reliability. Finally, a useful scale of 24 items in four sections was prepared with tested validity and reliability. Key words: awareness, confirmatory factor analysis, hazard symbols, perception, reliability, validity.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Relationship Between the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Perceptions and Leadership Orientations of the Faculty of Sports Sciences Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Karatas ◽  
◽  
Hayri Akyuz
Keyword(s):  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Leadership Orientations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
Sports Sciences ◽  
The Relationship

This research was carried out to investigate of the relationship between the two-dimensional self-esteem perceptions and leadership orientations of the students of the faculty of sports sciences. In this context, the relational survey model, which is consistent with the main purpose of the study, was used in this quantitative study. A total of 323 students, 125 females and 198 males at the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Bartın University constitute the sample of the research. Convenience sampling method, one of the non-probabilistic sampling approaches, was used in the selection of the research group. Questionnaire form was used as data collection tool and this form consisted of three parts. The first part includes the “Personal Information Form,” the second part includes the “Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem: Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale” and the third part includes the “Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale.” The descriptive statistics of the raw data obtained through the questionnaire form were first calculated by considering the data type. Then, the reliability of the scales related to the obtained data were investigated, and the difference and correlation tests were used in the statistical evaluation. In this direction, it has been determined that there are significant correlations within the scope of age and family income level variables. However, there was no significant relationship within the scope of personal income level variable. On the other hand, it was found that there are significant differences in the scope of department and actively doing sports variables. However, it was observed that there were no significant differences in the scope of gender, grade, and place of residence variables. On the other hand, it was determined that there were positive and moderately significant correlations between the participants’ scores of self-liking and political leadership, human resources leadership, charismatic leadership and structural leadership. In addition, it was found that there were positive and moderately significant correlations between the self-competence scores of the participants and the scores of political leadership, charismatic leadership and structural leadership. On the other hand, it was understood that there was a statistically significant positive and low-level correlation between the participants' self-competence scores and their human resources leadership scores. As a result, it can be said that as the self-esteem of the participants increases, their leadership orientation also increases. In this context, it can be said that increasing the self-esteem of the participants is an important concept in the context of leadership orientations.

scholarly journals Two-dimensional Peripheral Refraction and Retinal Image Quality in Emmetropic Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhong Lan ◽  
Zhenghua Lin ◽  
Zhikuang Yang ◽  
Pablo Artal
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Homogeneous Pattern ◽  
Horizontal Refraction ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between the optical properties of the eye in the periphery and myopia development is still under debate. To further clarify this issue, we provide here baseline data of two-dimensional peripheral optics results in a group of emmetropic Chinese children. Peripheral aberrations were measured under cycloplegia by using an open-view Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor (VPR, Voptica SL, Spain). This instrument allows to measure fast in the horizontal visual field from temporal 30° to nasal 30° every 1°. Two-dimensional (2D) maps were retrieved from a series of horizonal scans taken every 4° from 20° superior to 16° inferior covering a visual field of 60 × 36°. A relatively homogeneous pattern of the 2D relative peripheral refraction was found across all these emmetropic subjects. Using cluster analysis followed by manual visual refinement, the 2D maps were identified to fit into four categories. More than 70% of the subjects showed a nearly flat horizontal refraction with a slightly myopic shift in the superior retina. Peripheral astigmatism was quite constant across subjects and similar to that expected theoretically. Peripheral aberrations were also similar to those in the fovea for a large retinal area. These baseline data would offer an important reference to compare with the future evolution with time, as well as with other refractive or age groups of subjects, to better understand the role of peripheral optical properties in myopia development.

Visual Perception of Static and Dynamic Two-Dimensional Objects

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores A. Bogard
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Dynamic Condition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Elderly Adult ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
College Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Static And Dynamic Tests

It was the purpose of this study to investigate differences between visual perception of static (non-moving) and dynamic (moving) two-dimensional objects at several ages. This study specifically assessed the ability of four age groups to perceive figure-ground: Elementary 1 (age 6 to 7 yr.); Elementary 6 (age 11 to 13 yr.); College (age 18 to 22 yr.); Elderly Adult (age 66 to 79 yr.). A total of 169 Ss were tested. A test of visual perception of figure-ground was selected and adapted to a dynamic condition. Results showed there was a significant difference between performance on the static and dynamic tests of visual perception across all age levels, with fewer errors made on the dynamic test. There was a significant difference in performance between ages. It was concluded that there is a difference between static and dynamic visual perception of figure-ground at the ages studied and that perception of figure-ground tends to improve with age.

Children’s Control/Display Stereotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Errol R. Hoffmann ◽  
Alan H. S. Chan ◽  
Judy P. C. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Design For Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objective The aim of this study was to determine control/display stereotypes for children of a range of ages and development of these stereotypes with age. Background Little is known about control/display stereotypes for children of different ages and the way in which these stereotypes develop with age. This study is part of a program to determine the need to design differentially for these age groups. Method We tested four groups of children with various tasks (age groups 5 to 7, 8 to 10, 11 to 13, 14 to 16), with about 30 in each group. Examples of common tasks were opening a bottle, turning on taps, and allocating numbers to keypads. More complex tasks involved rotating a control to move a display in a requested direction. Results Tasks with which different age groups were familiar showed no effect of age group. Different control/display arrangements generally showed an increase in stereotype strength with age, with dependence on the form of the control/display arrangement. Two-dimensional arrangements, with the control on the same plane as the display, had higher stereotype strength than three-dimensional arrangements for all age groups, suggesting an effect of familiarity with controls and displays with increasing age. Conclusion Children’s control/display stereotypes do not differ greatly from those of adults, and hence, design for children older than 5 years of age, for control/display stereotypes, can be the same as that for adult populations. Application When designing devices for children, the relationship between controls and displays can be as for adult populations, for which there are considerable experimental data.

scholarly journals Hybrid Animation: Implementation of Two-Dimensional (2D) Animation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1529 ◽  
pp. 022093
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Hazry Asraf ◽  
Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
2D Animation

scholarly journals Two-dimensional ultrasound: can it replace computed tomography in liver volume assessment?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa Farghaly ◽  
Marwa Makboul ◽  
Mahmoud Refaat Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Volumetric Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Liver volume estimation is considered as an integral part in preoperative evaluation in patients undergoing liver transplantation; computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are considered the gold standard methods for liver volume estimation, and both are reliable and valid in determination of liver volume via manual and semi-automated methods. Reliable and accurate set of three simple measurement planes using two-dimensional ultrasound for volumetric assessment of liver was determined, and predictive equation using these three simple measurements was performed, which is simple to perform and easy to calculate, in order to evaluate liver volume and validate these measurements against CT images. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the efficacy and validity of two-dimensional ultrasound in liver volume estimation compared to CT volumetry as a gold standard. Results A strong linear positive correlation with no statistical significant difference was found between 2D US and semi-automated CT volumetric, and result was r = 0.7402 and p > 0.05, with an average liver volume of 1572.10 (± 326.43) cm3 and 1559.30 (± 381.02) cm3 respectively. No statistically significant difference was found also between the two modalities in different age groups and different sexes. Conclusion Simple linear two-dimensional ultrasound could be considered an efficient, accurate, and trustable tool for liver volume measurement in clinical practice.

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