scholarly journals The Role of Vocabulary Mediation to Discover and Represent Relevant Information in Privacy Policies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Leone ◽  
Luigi Di Caro
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Formal Taxonomy ◽  
Semantic Resources ◽  
Machine Readable

To date, the effort made by existing vocabularies to provide a shared representation of the data protection domain is not fully exploited. Different natural language processing (NLP) techniques have been applied to the text of privacy policies without, however, taking advantage of existing vocabularies to provide those documents with a shared semantic superstructure. In this paper we show how a recently released domain-specific vocabulary, i.e. the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV), can be used to discover, in privacy policies, the information that is relevant with respect to the concepts modelled in the vocabulary itself. We also provide a machine-readable representation of this information to bridge the unstructured textual information to the formal taxonomy modelled in it. This is the first approach to the automatic processing of privacy policies that relies on the DPV, fuelling further investigation on the applicability of existing semantic resources to promote the reuse of information and the interoperability between systems in the data protection domain.

Biobanking for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Challenge for Translational Research and Data Privacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842110366
Author(s):  
Emilia Giannella ◽  
Valentino Notarangelo ◽  
Caterina Motta ◽  
Giulia Sancesario
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
In Silico Studies

Biobanking has emerged as a strategic challenge to promote knowledge on neurological diseases, by the application of translational research. Due to the inaccessibility of the central nervous system, the advent of biobanks, as structure collecting biospecimens and associated data, are essential to turn experimental results into clinical practice. Findings from basic research, omics sciences, and in silico studies, definitely require validation in clinically well-defined cohorts of patients, even more valuable when longitudinal, or including preclinical and asymptomatic individuals. Finally, collecting biological samples requires a great effort to guarantee respect for transparency and protection of sensitive data of patients and donors. Since the European General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 has been approved, concerns about the use of data in biomedical research have emerged. In this narrative review, we focus on the essential role of biobanking for translational research on neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we address considerations for biological samples and data collection, the importance of standardization in the preanalytical phase, data protection (ethical and legal) and the role of donors in improving research in this field.

scholarly journals Title-Guided Encoding for Keyphrase Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 6268-6275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Chen ◽  
Yifan Gao ◽  
Jiani Zhang ◽  
Irwin King ◽  
Michael R. Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Very High

Keyphrase generation (KG) aims to generate a set of keyphrases given a document, which is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP). Most previous methods solve this problem in an extractive manner, while recently, several attempts are made under the generative setting using deep neural networks. However, the state-of-the-art generative methods simply treat the document title and the document main body equally, ignoring the leading role of the title to the overall document. To solve this problem, we introduce a new model called Title-Guided Network (TG-Net) for automatic keyphrase generation task based on the encoderdecoder architecture with two new features: (i) the title is additionally employed as a query-like input, and (ii) a titleguided encoder gathers the relevant information from the title to each word in the document. Experiments on a range of KG datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art models with a large margin, especially for documents with either very low or very high title length ratios.

scholarly journals Role of Gesture in Language Processing

2018 ◽  
pp. 591-607
Author(s):  
Asli Özyürek
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Syntactic Information ◽  
Different Levels

Use of language in face-to-face context is multimodal. Production and perception of speech take place in the context of visual articulators such as lips, face, or hand gestures which convey relevant information to what is expressed in speech at different levels of language. While lips convey information at the phonological level, gestures contribute to semantic, pragmatic, and syntactic information, as well as to discourse cohesion. This chapter overviews recent findings showing that speech and gesture (e.g. a drinking gesture as someone says, “Would you like a drink?”) interact during production and comprehension of language at the behavioral, cognitive, and neural levels. Implications of these findings for current psycholinguistic theories and how they can be expanded to consider the multimodal context of language processing are discussed.

Lexical Knowledge Acquisition

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Machine Readable

This article deals with the acquisition of lexical knowledge, instrumental in complementing the ambiguous process of NLP (natural language processing). Imprecise in nature, lexical representations are mostly simple and superficial. The thesaurus would be an apt example. Two primary tools for acquiring lexical knowledge are ‘corpora’ and ‘machine-readable dictionary’ (MRD). The former are mostly domain specific, monolingual, while the definitions in MRD are generally described by a ‘genus term’ followed by a set of differentiae. Auxiliary technical nuances of the acquisition process, find mention as well, such as ‘lexical collocation’ and ‘association’, referring to the deliberate co-occurrence of words that form a new meaning altogether and loses it whenever a synonym replaces either of the words. The first seminal work on collocation extraction from large text corpora, was compiled around the early 1990s, using inter-word mutual information to locate collocation. Abundant corpus data would be obtainable from the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC).

scholarly journals Can Visual Design Provide Legal Transparency? The Challenges for Successful Implementation of Icons for Data Protection

Design Issues ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Arianna Rossi ◽  
Monica Palmirani
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
General Data ◽  
Legal Ontologies ◽  
Machine Readable

Design is a key player in the future of data privacy and data protection. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) established by the European Union aims to rebalance the information asymmetry between the organizations that process personal data and the individuals to which that data refers. Machine-readable, standardized icons that present a “meaningful overview of the intended processing” are suggested by the law as a tool to enhance the transparency of information addressed to data subjects. However, no specific guidelines have been provided, and studies on privacy iconography are very few. This article describes research conducted on the creation and evaluation of icons representing data protection concepts. First, we introduce the methodology used to design the Data Protection Icon Set (DaPIS): participatory design methods combined with legal ontologies and machine-readable representations. Second, we discuss some of the challenges that have been faced in the development and evaluation of DaPIS and similar icon sets. Third, we provide some tentative responses and indicate a way forward for evaluation of the effectiveness of privacy icons and their widespread adoption.

Testing the sociometer: The role of self-esteem as a domain specific mediator

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Kavanagh ◽  
G. J. O. Fletcher ◽  
B. J. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Domain Specific

Pulvino-cortical interaction: an integrative role in the control of attention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Bourgeois ◽  
Carole Guedj ◽  
Emmanuel Carrera ◽  
Patrik Vuilleumier
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Attention And Executive Control ◽  
Neural Communication ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Theoretical Proposal ◽  
Selection Of

Selective attention is a fundamental cognitive function that guides behavior by selecting and prioritizing salient or relevant sensory information of our environment. Despite early evidence and theoretical proposal pointing to an implication of thalamic control in attention, most studies in the past two decades focused on cortical substrates, largely ignoring the contribution of subcortical regions as well as cortico-subcortical interactions. Here, we suggest a key role of the pulvinar in the selection of salient and relevant information via its involvement in priority maps computation. Prioritization may be achieved through a pulvinar- mediated generation of alpha oscillations, which may then modulate neuronal gain in thalamo-cortical circuits. Such mechanism might orchestrate the synchrony of cortico-cortical interaction, by rendering neural communication more effective, precise and selective. We propose that this theoretical framework will support a timely shift from the prevailing cortico- centric view of cognition to a more integrative perspective of thalamic contributions to attention and executive control processes.

The Role of Noun Animacy in Language Processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1371-1381
Author(s):  
Guangzhen JIA ◽  
Youyi LIU ◽  
Hua SHU ◽  
Xiaoping Fang
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing
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