Physical Activity in Midlife is not Associated with Cognitive Health in Later Life Among Cognitively Normal Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alden L. Gross ◽  
Haidong Lu ◽  
Lucy Meoni ◽  
Joseph J. Gallo ◽  
Jennifer A. Schrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Cognitively Normal

scholarly journals Daily Physical Activity: Relation to Everyday Memory in Adulthood

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey B. Whitbourne ◽  
Shevaun D. Neupert ◽  
Margie E. Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Everyday Memory ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between daily physical activity and everyday memory using an 8-day diary design with young, middle-aged, and older adults. Contrary to expectations, age differences were not reported in the frequency of memory failures and daily physical activity at the between-person level. Multilevel modeling, however, indicated that on days when adults engaged in leisure exercise (physical activity performed during leisure or free time), they reported fewer memory failures, and this was most apparent for older adults. Lagged analyses indicated that when leisure activity was reported on one day, fewer memory failures were reported the next day, and this was especially true for older adults. Thus, findings demonstrate that the benefits of physical activity for memory in later life are observable on a short-term daily basis.

scholarly journals The Effects of Exercise on Appetite in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hubner ◽  
Julie Blaskewicz Boron ◽  
Karsten Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Appetite Control

Background: The effect of physical activity and exercise on hunger and satiety has been well-studied in younger adults, but the influence of aging is less understood. While some evidence suggests that acute bouts of exercise induce a compensatory eating drive, long-term activity may improve satiety sensitivity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on appetite in older adults.Methods: We systematically reviewed available literature investigating the effect of exercise on appetite in older adults adults (CRD42020208953). PubMed, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, the Sports Medicine & Education Index, and Web of Science, were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English with no date restriction. Included studies implemented a primary exercise or physical activity intervention with a control group, on a generally healthy population ≥60 years of age. Selected studies included at least one appetite outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the 11-point Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) tool. Standardized mean difference summary statistics (Hedge's g effect sizes) and 95% confidence intervals were reported.Results: We identified 15 reports (13 studies) which met all inclusion criteria (5 resistance training, 3 aerobic, 6 mixed modalities). Studies included 443 participants (Age = 68.9 ± 5.2, 82.3% female) and had generally “good” bias scores (PEDro = 6.4 ± 0.88). Random effects meta-analyses revealed that the exercising group showed statistically significant reductions in glucose [SMD = −0.34 (95% CI: −0.67, −0.02), p < 0.05, PEDro =6.4 ± 0.45] and leptin [SMD = −0.92 (95% CI: −1.28, −0.57), p < 0.00001, PEDro = 6.2 ± 0.75].Discussion: This systematic review revealed that exercise and physical activity may modulate resting hunger and satiety in older adults. Decreases in fasting leptin and glucose hormones suggest that exercise promotes satiety sensitivity in adults aged 60+. This review highlights that engaging in exercise and activity programs may provide a meaningful avenue for improving chronic and functional disease burden in later life by promoting appetite control and balanced energy intake. Recommendations for future research include investigations of appetite in response to varied exercise modalities within more diverse and representative samples of older adults.

scholarly journals Association Between Brain Volumes and Patterns of Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A Wanigatunga ◽  
Hang Wang ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
Qu Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cognitively Normal

Abstract Background Larger brain volumes are often associated with more free-living physical activity (PA) in cognitively normal older adults. Yet, whether greater brain volumes are associated with more favorable (less fragmented) PA patterns, and whether this association is stronger than with total PA, remains unknown. Methods Brain magnetic resonance imaging and wrist-worn accelerometer data were collected in 301 participants (mean age = 77 [SD = 7] years, 59% women) enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Linear regression models were fit to examine whether brain volumes (cc) were cross-sectionally associated with: (a) total daily PA minutes and (b) activity fragmentation (mean number of PA bouts / total PA minutes × 100). Sensitivity analyses were conducted by adjusting for counterpart PA variables (eg, fragmentation covariate included in the PA minutes model). Results Greater white matter volumes in the parietal and temporal lobes were associated with higher daily PA minutes (2.6 [SE = 1.0] and 3.8 [0.9] min/day, respectively; p < .009 for both) after adjusting for demographics, behavioral factors, medical conditions, gait speed, apolipoprotein E e4 status, and intracranial volume. Greater temporal white matter volume was associated with lower fragmentation (−0.16% [0.05], p = .003). In sensitivity analyses, observed associations between brain volumes and daily PA minutes remained significant while associations with fragmentation no longer remained significant. Conclusions Our results suggest white matter brain structure in cognitively normal older adults is associated with the total amount of PA and, to a lesser extent, the PA accumulation patterns. More work is needed to elucidate the longitudinal relationship between brain structure and function and PA patterns with aging.

scholarly journals Individual Characteristics and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanna Notthoff ◽  
Peter Reisch ◽  
Denis Gerstorf
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Screening Process

Background: People aged 50 years and older are regularly identified as the most sedentary group in the population. However, even within this group, there are considerable interindividual variations in physical activity (PA) levels. They have been the subject of many studies. Based on single studies, no clear picture as to which characteristics are important has emerged. Objective: The goal of our contribution was to identify which individual characteristics are consistently linked to high PA levels in older adults. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature considering demographic characteristics (gender, education, marital status, employment), health (subjective, health problems), and psychological factors (motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control). A systematic search of abstracts in the database Web of Science and a thorough screening process according to a priori specified criteria yielded 63 studies for inclusion in this review. Results: Two psychological factors - motivation and self-efficacy - and the perception of one's health seem to be consistently linked to higher PA levels in older adults. Selected demographic variables - gender and education - may be important for some types of PA. Conclusion: Our review suggests that differentiation of PA by domains is important for identifying and understanding which individual characteristics are associated with PA levels and how. Pinpointing what reliably distinguishes older adults who are active from those who are not is essential for designing effective interventions to promote PA in later life.

There Is Still Time to Be Active: Self-Perceptions of Aging, Physical Activity, and the Role of Perceived Residual Lifetime Among Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-815
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Beyer ◽  
Maja Wiest ◽  
Susanne Wurm
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Residual Lifetime ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Perceptions Of Aging ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
The Relationship

Self-perceptions of aging (SPA) are a resource in later life. As aging is accompanied with perceptions of the finitude of life, it is assumed that perceived residual lifetime may play a role in the relationship between SPA and health behavior. Among older adults aged 65 years and older, the present study tested whether the relationships between gain- and loss-related SPA and two kinds of physical activity are moderated by perceived residual lifetime. Data were based on 2.367 participants over a 3-year period. Participants with less gain-related SPA were less likely to walk on a regular basis; however, a longer residual lifetime compensated for this negative effect. In addition, participants did sports more often if they not only held less loss-related SPA but also perceived a longer residual lifetime. These results emphasize the importance of perceived residual lifetime in health promotion interventions targeting physical activity in older adults.

Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and its Association With Physical Function in Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Davis ◽  
Kenneth R. Fox ◽  
Afroditi Stathi ◽  
Tanya Trayers ◽  
Janice L. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of objectively measured sedentary time (ST), frequency of breaks in ST, and lower extremity function (LEF) was investigated in a diverse sample aged ≥ 70 years (n = 217). Physical activity (PA) was assessed by accelerometry deriving moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes per registered hour (MVPA min · hr−1), registered ST (ST min · hr−1), and breaks in ST min · hr−1 (breaks · hr−1). LEF was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery. Univariate associations with overall LEF were MVPA (r = .523), ST (r = −.499), and breaks (r = .389). Adjusted linear regression including MVPA min · hr−1, ST min · hr−1, and breaks · hr−1 explained 41.5% of LEF variance. Each additional break · hr−1 was associated with 0.58 point increase in LEF. Breaks and MVPA had strongest independent associations with LEF. Promoting regular breaks might be useful in maintaining or increasing LEF and later life independence. This novel finding is important for the design of effective lifestyle interventions targeting older adults.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chair-Based Exercise on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Natalie Klempel ◽  
Nicole E. Blackburn ◽  
Ilona L. McMullan ◽  
Jason J. Wilson ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Exercise Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Physical activity is an important determinant of health in later life. The public health restrictions in response to COVID-19 have interrupted habitual physical activity behaviours in older adults. In response, numerous exercise programmes have been developed for older adults, many involving chair-based exercise. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the effects of chair-based exercise on the health of older adults. Ovid Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PyscInfo and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception to 1 April 2020. Chair-based exercise programmes in adults ≥50 years, lasting for at least 2 weeks and measuring the impact on physical function were included. Risk of bias of included studies were assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool v2. Intervention content was described using TiDieR Criteria. Where sufficient studies (≥3 studies) reported data on an outcome, a random effects meta-analysis was performed. In total, 25 studies were included, with 19 studies in the meta-analyses. Seventeen studies had a low risk of bias and five had a high risk of bias. In this systematic review including 1388 participants, results demonstrated that chair-based exercise programmes improve upper extremity (handgrip strength: MD = 2.10; 95% CI = 0.76, 3.43 and 30 s arm curl test: MD = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.34, 4.31) and lower extremity function (30 s chair stand: MD 2.25; 95% CI = 0.64, 3.86). The findings suggest that chair-based exercises are effective and should be promoted as simple and easily implemented activities to maintain and develop strength for older adults.

Physical Activity and Fitness Effects on Cognition and Brain Health in Children and Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chaddock ◽  
Michelle W. Voss ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Age Related

Our increasingly inactive lifestyle is detrimental to physical and cognitive health. This review focuses on the beneficial relation of physical activity and aerobic fitness to the brain and cognitive health in a youth and elderly population to highlight the need to change this pattern. In children, increased physical activity and higher levels of aerobic fitness have been associated with superior academic achievement and cognitive processes. Differences in brain volumes and brain function of higher-fit and lower-fit peers are potential mechanisms underlying the performance differences in cognitive challenges. We hope that this research will encourage modifications in educational policies that will increase physical activity during the school day. In addition, older adults who participate in physical activity show higher performance on a variety of cognitive tasks, coupled with less risk of cognitive impairment. The cognitive enhancements are in part driven by less age-related brain tissue loss and increases in the efficiency of brain function. Given the increasing aging population and threat of dementia, research about the plasticity of the elderly active brain has important public health implications. Collectively, the data support that participation in physical activity could enhance daily functioning, learning, achievement, and brain health in children and the elderly.

Being physically active in old age: relationships with being active earlier in life, social status and agents of socialisation

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESUS MARTÍNEZ DEL CASTILLO ◽  
JOSÉ EMILIO JIMÉNEZ-BEATTY NAVARRO ◽  
JOSÉ LUIS GRAUPERA SANZ ◽  
MARÍA MARTÍN RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
ANTONIO CAMPOS IZQUIERDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Active Lifestyles

ABSTRACTCritical reviews of the literature on the factors that influence physical activity among older adults have argued that existing theoretical frameworks should be extended by integrating those that deal with the complex processes of socialisation and social learning. This paper explores some of the social processes that influence older people's participation in physical activity (beyond that associated with everyday domestic tasks). A questionnaire with items on personal, social and environmental characteristics was completed by a random sample of older adults in the Madrid Autonomous Region (Spain). Significant relationships were found between the type of physical activity participation and: being physically active at earlier life stages, socio-economic status, the encouragement of others or social support in being active, and the knowledge and availability of local facilities. Some cases were observed of re-socialisation into physical activity among those who had been inactive earlier in life, and both appropriate environmental and supportive social conditions appeared instrumental. The findings could usefully inform the design of future social programmes to promote active lifestyles in later life, but given the complexity of the socialisation processes, it would be advisable for future studies to examine other than the four factors featured in the presented analysis, such as the role of cultural differences.

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