Herpes Labialis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Cytomegalovirus Infections and Risk of Dementia: The Framingham Heart Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Eduardo Marques Zilli ◽  
Adrienne O’Donnell ◽  
Joel Salinas ◽  
Hugo J. Aparicio ◽  
Mitzi Michelle Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Herpes Labialis ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue ◽  
H Pylori

Background: An association between chronic infectious diseases and development of dementia has been suspected for decades, based on the finding of pathogens in postmortem brain tissue and on serological evidence. However, questions remain regarding confounders, reverse causality, and how accurate, reproducible and generalizable those findings are. Objective: Investigate whether exposure to Herpes simplex (manifested as herpes labialis), Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) modifies the risk of dementia in a populational cohort. Methods: Questionnaires regarding incidence of herpes infections were administered to Original Framingham Study participants (n = 2,632). Serologies for C. pneumoniae, H. pylori, and CMV were obtained in Original (n = 2,351) and Offspring cohort (n = 3,687) participants. Participants are under continuous dementia surveillance. Brain MRI and neuropsychological batteries were administered to Offspring participants from 1999–2005. The association between each infection and incident dementia was tested with Cox models. Linear models were used to investigate associations between MRI or neuropsychological parameters and serologies. Results: There was no association between infection serologies and dementia incidence, total brain volume, and white matter hyperintensities. Herpes labialis was associated with reduced 10-year dementia risk (HR 0.66, CI 0.46–0.97), but not for the duration of follow-up. H. pylori antibodies were associated with worse global cognition (β –0.14, CI –0.22, –0.05). Conclusion: We found no association between measures of chronic infection and incident dementia, except for a reduction in 10-year dementia risk for patients with herpes labialis. This unexpected result requires confirmation and further characterization, concerning antiviral treatment effects and capture of episodes.

scholarly journals Pathogenic potential of Helicobacter pylori strains can explain differences in H. pylori associated diseases rates from Chile and Cuba

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-585
Author(s):  
Ileana González ◽  
Lidice González ◽  
Armando Rojas ◽  
Boris L Rodríguez ◽  
Jacqueline Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Caga Status ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Epiya Motifs

Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-related diseases varies geographically and it is partially determined by the virulence of the circulating strains. Cuba and Chile exhibit different gastric cancer rates, on despite of very similar H. pylori infection rates. We determined if differences in the pathogenic potential of H. pylori isolates from Chile and Cuba could explain the disease outcome in each population. Methods: H. pylori isolates from 78 Chilean and 71 Cuban patients were analyzed using PCR for the presence of cagA, babA2, vacA alleles and the pattern of EPIYA motifs. Results: cagA was detected in 94.9 % of Chilean and 64.7 % of Cuban isolates (P < 0.001) and was significantly associated with duodenal ulcer (DU) in Cuba (P < 0.01) but not in Chile. The presence of cagA with multiple EPIYA-C motifs was 18.2 % higher in Chile than in Cuba (P < 0.05). Also, an association was observed between GU (P ≤ 0.05) and premalignant lesions (P < 0.001) with the multiple EPIYA-C motif status of the strains in Chile, but not in Cuba. The prevalence of vacA s2m2 genotype was predominant in Chile (66.7 %), while in Cuba was prevalent the s1m1 genotype (56.8 %); and the last one was significantly associated with the presence of DU in Cuban patients. Conclusions: The cagA status and the EPIYA pattern found in Chilean and Cuban H. pylori clinical isolates partially explain the differences in disease prevalence between both countries. The high proportion of vacA s2m2 genotype in Chile was an unexpected result, needing further studies. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.577-585

scholarly journals Loneliness, Social Integration, and Incident Dementia Over 6 Years: Prospective Findings From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snorri Bjorn Rafnsson ◽  
Martin Orrell ◽  
Eleonora d’Orsi ◽  
Eef Hogervorst ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Abstract Objectives Social relationships are important for the maintenance of cognitive function at older ages, with both objective features of social networks and perceived social connections (loneliness) being relevant. There is limited evidence about how different aspects of social experience predict diagnosed dementia. Methods The sample comprised 6,677 dementia-free individuals at baseline (2004) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Baseline information on loneliness, number of close relationships, marital status, and social isolation (contact with family and friends and participation in organizations) was analyzed in relation to incident dementia over an average 6.25 years using Cox regression, controlling for potential confounding factors. Results Two hundred twenty participants developed dementia during follow-up. In multivariable analyses, dementia risk was positively related to greater loneliness (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.80, p = .008), and inversely associated with number of close relationships (p &lt; .001) and being married (p = .018). Sensitivity analyses testing for reverse causality and different criteria for diagnosing dementia confirmed the robustness of these findings. There was no association with social isolation. Discussion Dementia risk is associated with loneliness and having fewer close relationships in later life. The underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, but efforts to enhance older peoples’ relationship quality may be relevant to dementia risk.

The rod-to-coccoid body transformation in cultures of Helicobacter pylori

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-627
Author(s):  
A. R. Crooker ◽  
W. G. Kraft ◽  
T. L. Beard ◽  
M. C. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Coccoid Form ◽  
Spiral Form ◽  
Prolonged Culture ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, gram-negative bacterium found in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans. There is strong evidence that H. pylori is important in the etiology of gastritis; the bacterium may also be a major predisposing cause of peptic ulceration. On the gastric mucosa, the organism exists as a spiral form with one to seven sheathed flagella at one (usually) or both poles. Short spirals were seen in the first successful culture of the organism in 1983. In 1984, Marshall and Warren reported a coccoid form in older cultures. Since that time, other workers have observed rod and coccal forms in vitro; coccoid forms predominate in cultures 3-7 days old. We sought to examine the growth cycle of H. pylori in prolonged culture and the mode of coccoid body formation.

Peptische Ulzera und Helicobacter pylori: Wie wir wissen, was wir wissen

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Raphael Scholl
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Kontrollierte Studie ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Peptische Ulzera

Zusammenfassung. Zu den wichtigsten Ursachen peptischer Ulzera gehört das Bakterium Helicobacter pylori. Aber wie wurde dieser ursächliche Zusammenhang nachgewiesen? Aufschluss darüber gibt die Geschichte und Theorie einer Reihe einschlägiger Studien, die in den 1980er Jahren durchgeführt wurden. Am Anfang stand die Entdeckung einer blossen Korrelation zwischen dem neu entdeckten Bakterium und peptischen Ulzera in Magenbiopsien. Unklar blieb, ob das Bakterium die Krankheit verursachte, oder ob es bloss eine opportunistische bakterielle Besiedlung darstellte. Ohne Tiermodell war der experimentelle Nachweis der Richtung der Verursachung jedoch schwierig: Zwar wurde in einem couragierten Selbstversuch mit einer geschluckten Bakterienkultur eine Gastritis beobachtet – aber der Einzelfall war wenig aussagekräftig. Die Schwächen des Selbstversuchs liessen sich durch eine randomisierte, Plazebo-kontrollierte Studie beheben, die den Anforderungen des dritten Koch’schen Postulats gerecht wurde. Darüber hinaus war es notwendig, erste Aufschlüsse über den Mechanismus der ursächlichen Verbindung zwischen H. pylori und peptischen Ulzera zu gewinnen: Wie zum Beispiel kann das Bakterium im sauren Milieu des Magens überleben? Die wissenschaftshistorische und wissenschaftstheoretische Betrachtung des Falls illustriert, wie medizinisches Wissen schrittweise aufgebaut wird.

Helicobacter-pylori-Infektion

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
G. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
H Pylori

ZusammenfassungInfektionen mit Helicobacter pylori zählen zu den häufigsten chronischen bakteriellen Infektionen bei Menschen. Es zeigen sich deutliche geografische Unterschiede in der Prävalenz. In den westlichen Industrienationen nimmt die Infektionsrate seit den letzten Jahrzehnten ab. Die Infektion mit H. pylori erfolgt meist in der ersten Lebensdekade. Die Infektion kann lebenslang persistieren, wenn keine antibiotische Eradikation erfolgt. H.-pylori-Infektionen können diverse Erkrankungen hervorrufen, dazu gehören das Ulkus ventrikuli, Ulkus duodeni, das Magenkarzinom und das Lymphom des Mukosa-assoziierten lymphatischen Gewebes (MALT-Lymphom). Die Gefahr der malignen Entartung ist bei Kindern wesentlich geringer als bei Erwachsenen. Ein großes Problem stellen die zunehmenden Antibiotikaresistenzen dar. Daher sollte die Therapie möglichst immer nach Sensibilitätstestung erfolgen. Eine Eradikationskontrolle mittels non-invasiver Testung empfiehlt sich binnen vier bis acht Wochen nach Therapieende.

Роль лекарственных взаимодействий в эффективности и безопасности кларитромицина при эрадикации Helicobacter pylori

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Светлана Юрьевна Сереброва ◽  
Елена Николаевна Карева ◽  
Наталия Николаевна Еременко ◽  
Алексей Борисович Прокофьев ◽  
Дарья Олеговна Кургузова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
H Pylori

В обзорной статье описаны современные риски резистентности, нежелательных лекарственных реакций и лекарственных взаимодействий кларитромицина при его применении в качестве компонента терапевтических схем эрадикации H. pylori. Кислотонеустойчивость кларитромицина в кислой среде определяет зависимость фармакологических свойств препарата от эффективности ингибиторов протонной помпы, что может быть одной из причин резистентности возбудителя к макролиду. Потенциал лекарственных взаимодействий кларитромицина связан c его способностью метаболизироваться с помощью CYP3A4 и мощно ингибировать этот фермент.

Increased Production of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Helicobacter pylori Infection that Stimulates Gastric Cancer Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
H Pylori

Background and aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an incriminated pathogen causing diseases in both animals and humans and considered a zoonotic pathogen. H. pylori infection is considered a cause of gastric cancer, which rests a significant health care challenge. This study analyzes the expression pattern of matrix metalloprotein 2 (MMP-2) in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and the effect of H. pylori on gastric cancer stem cells, as well as study the role of helicon bacteriosis in dog in transmission of H. pylori infection to human. Materials and methods: Fifty-five of each sample (gastric biopsy, blood and stool) were collected from patients suffering from dyspepsia, chronic vomiting and perforated peptic ulcers and also from apparent healthy dogs. The investigation detected H. pylori by serological and histopathological examination. Biopsies were stored in physiological saline for identification of H. pylori by conventional time PCR. MMP-2 and Gastric cancer stem cells were then identified by immunohistochemistry. Results: Serological identification for H. pylori Antigen and Antibodies revealed (63% human, 50% dogs) and (87% human, 90% dogs) respectively were positive. Genotyping of H. pylori based on 16S rRNA gene showed 54.5% of human and 35% of dogs were positive. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression of CD44 in H. pylori- associated gastric cancer cases, MMP-2 expression was observed in all neoplastic lesions associated with H. pylori infection. Conclusion: H. pylori infection affects gastric mucosa and induces changes in gastric stem cells altering their differentiation and increased expression of MMP’s and CD44with a resultant potentiation of oncogenic alteration. In addition the up-regulation of both markers could be an instrumental to interpret the origination of gastric cancer.

Synthesis and In Vitro Enzymatic Studies of New 3-Aryldiazenyl Indoles as Promising Helicobacter pylori IMPDH Inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Jangra ◽  
Gayathri Purushothaman ◽  
Kapil Juvale ◽  
Srimadhavi Ravi ◽  
Aishwarya Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
World Population ◽  
Inhibitor Molecule ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
H Pylori

Background & Objective:Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the primary causes of peptic ulcer followed by gastric cancer in the world population. Due to increased occurrences of multi-drug resistance to the currently available antibiotics, there is an urgent need for a new class of drugs against H. pylori. Inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a metabolic enzyme plays a significant role in cell proliferation and cell growth. It catalyses guanine nucleotide synthesis. IMPDH enzyme has been exploited as a target for antiviral, anticancer and immunosuppressive drugs. Recently, bacterial IMPDH has been studied as a potential target for treating bacterial infections. Differences in the structural and kinetic parameters of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic IMPDH make it possible to target bacterial enzyme selectively.Methods:In the current work, we have synthesised and studied the effect of substituted 3-aryldiazenyl indoles on Helicobacter pylori IMPDH (HpIMPDH) activity. The synthesised molecules were examined for their inhibitory potential against recombinant HpIMPDH.Results:In this study, compounds 1 and 2 were found to be the most potent inhibitors amongst the database with IC50 of 0.8 ± 0.02µM and 1 ± 0.03 µM, respectively.Conclusion:When compared to the most potent known HpIMPDH inhibitor molecule C91, 1 was only four-fold less potent and can be a good lead for further development of selective and potent inhibitors of HpIMPDH.

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