Knowledge of community pharmacists in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal about the risks associated with medication use during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sajala Kafle ◽  
Nisha Jha ◽  
Yunima Sapkota ◽  
Pathiyil Ravi Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Community pharmacists are among the most accessible health care providers. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the knowledge of community pharmacists about the risks associated with medication use during pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in March 2021 among the 344 community pharmacies in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Convenience sampling was used for data collection using a structured and validated questionnaire. RESULTS: The majority of participants were male: 264 (76.7%), 94.2% were between the age of 21 to 30 years, and 53.1% had work experience of less than one year. Over half had completed diploma in pharmacy. Less than 10 medicines were dispensed to pregnant women daily in 61.6% of the pharmacies. Only 28.8% of the community pharmacists always inquired about pregnancy status from women in the reproductive age group. The mean knowledge score was significantly different among individuals with different work experience and qualifications (p < 0.001). There was also difference in mean scores according to average number of medicines dispensed daily (p = 0.006). The knowledge score also differed according to average number of medicines dispensed to pregnant woman and inquiry by the pharmacist about pregnancy status (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the mean knowledge scores need improvement.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance about Disaster Management: A Case of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Sedighe S. T. Far ◽  
Milad A. Marzaleh ◽  
Nasrin Shokrpour ◽  
Ramin Ravangard
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Background: Iran is a disaster-prone country in which many natural and man-made disasters happen every year. Because the health sector is vital due to its nature of treatment and rehabilitation of the injured after the disasters, all health care providers, especially hospital nurses, should be prepared to provide the services they need. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance of nurses about disaster management in teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted on a sample of 230 nurses working in the teaching hospitals of Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, who were selected using the stratified sampling proportional to size and simple random sampling methods. The data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire containing 20 questions in three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and performance. Then, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 through independent samples t-test, ANOVA and Tukey tests at the significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest mean scores were related to the attitude (2.38±0.19) and knowledge (1.70±0.50) of the nurses, respectively. However, all three dimensions were at a moderate level. The results showed significant relationships between the mean score of performance and the gender, marital status, age, and work experience of the nurses. In addition, statistically significant relationships were found between the mean score of knowledge and their age and work experience (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, the following suggestions can be made to increase the knowledge and performance of the nurses for being prepared in critical situations: reducing the duration and increasing the quality of training classes and workshops on disaster preparedness; providing some incentives for nurses, especially female, married, older, and more experienced ones to attend these classes; and improving the methods of training materials related to disaster management.

scholarly journals Common gynecological morbidities among married women in a resettlement colony of East Delhi

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansi Mathur ◽  
Ranjan Das ◽  
. Vibha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Background: A women is always celebrated for child birth but gynaecological issues a stigma is attached. The fear of being ostracised by the society for gynaecological problems is deep set. Gynaecological morbidity is defined as “structural and functional disorder of genital tract not related to pregnancy, delivery or perpuerium”. This paper aims to study the pattern of gynaecological morbidity among married women residing in a resettlement colony of East Delhi.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted during 2014-2015 in the field practise area of Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. A self-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. All married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were willing to participate were included in the study.Results: The mean age of study subjects was 34.6±8.5 years with a range of 18-49 years. All women in study had menarche within normal range (mean age =13.1±1.01 years, range: 11-16 years). Mean age at marriage was 20.6±2.4 years, range: 15-25 years. Nearly 40% of women had 3 children and most women above 40 years of age had three or more children. The mean parity was 2.04±0.5. Mean age at first delivery for study subjects was 22.1±3.9 years. In the present study 722 (59.5%) of the 1214 study subjects had one or more symptom related to common gynaecological morbidities. Among symptomatic 594 out of 277 (82%) had one symptom. The commonest symptom was ‘lower abdominal pain during menstrual period’ 419 (34.5%) followed by symptoms of premenstrual syndrome [(such as ‘bloating’ 328 (27%) and ‘irritability’ 269 (22.2%) and ‘breast tenderness’ 218 (18%)]. Other symptoms observed were ‘scanty blood loss’166 (13.7%), ‘shortened duration of blood flow’ 149 (12.2%) and ‘something coming out of vagina’140 (11.5%).Conclusions: Gynaecological morbidities in spite of their preponderance and adverse health outcomes, have not attracted the attention due to it for two reasons: i) women in most patriarchal dominated societies do not speak out of their health problems and needs, more so if that is not connected to the birth process, ii) Health care providers and institutions had been so overwhelmed with the birthing process, and now the expanded reproductive health issues that attending to gynaecological morbidities was considered to be “luxury” in as far as public health was considered. 

Effectiveness of Lecture cum demonstration on Knowledge and practice regarding Intravenous cannulation among staff nurses working in selected hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
Patricia Reddy ◽  
Ancy Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background: The skill of intravenous cannulation must be practiced regularly to maintain a high level of competency. This is important to gain quick and efficient intravenous access in populations when required. The insertion of intravenous catheters into peripheral veins is probably the most commonly performed invasive medical procedure in hospitals. This procedure could be difficult sometimes requiring several attempts and causing distress to patients. The high success rates of nurses in intravenous cannulation have been due to the frequent performance of intravenous cannulation Objectives: 1. To assess the existing knowledge regarding intravenous cannulation among staff nurses working in selected hospital. 2. To observe the existing practice regarding intravenous cannulation among nurses. 3. To assess the effectiveness of lecture cum demonstration regarding Intravenous cannulation among staff nurses. 4. To observe the practice of staff nurses regarding intravenous cannulation after lecture cum demonstration. 5. To correlate the knowledge and practice of staff nurses regarding intravenous cannulation .Methodology: Pre experimental one group pre test post test design. Material: Structured knowledge questionnaire and Observational checklist adopted as per WHO guidelines.Sample size: 60. Result: Among the 60 samples, according to age, 39(65%)of subjects were of 21-30 years of age, 14(23.33%) were of 31-40 years, 7(11.67%) were of 41-50 years and no subjects were above 50 yearsAccording to the educational qualification, 38(58.33%) of the subjects were with the qualification of general nurse midwives, 12(20%) were B.sc nursing, 13(21.67%) were PB.B.sc Nursing.Majority of the subjects 45% have work experience of less than 2 years, 23.33% have 3-5 years, 20% have 6-8 years and 11.67% of them have work experience of more than 8 years In relation to area of work, 26.67% of the subjects each were from the Medicine ward and surgical ward, 21.66%were from Intensive care unit and 25% of them were from Casualty/Emergency ward. post test majority of the subjects gained Knowledge regarding intravenous cannulation. 34 (56.67%) subjects had good level of Knowledge score and 23(43.33%) subjects had average level of Knowledge. None of the samples have poor level of Knowledge. the post test the findings shows that 57(95%) subjects had satisfactory level of practice whereas only 3(5%) of subjects had unsatisfactory level of practice. The mean pretest knowledge score was 15.28 and post test knowledge score was 26.58. The mean practice score 7.61 and posttest practice score was 13.76. Student’s paired ‘t’ test is applied at 5% level of significance and The calculated‘t’ value for overall knowledge score of subjects was 35.51 and the calculated ‘t’ value for overall practice score of subjects was 23.44 that statistically interpreted that the lecture cum demonstration regarding intravenous cannulation was effective in increasing the Knowledge and practice of subject. There was significant association between selected demographic variable of year of experience with their pretest knowledge, whereas other demographic variables are not significantly associated.The correlation coefficient of post test knowledge and post test practice score was ‘r’ 0.21, which is indicates a positive correlation. Conclusion: The knowledge of the target population was significantly increased, and there was significant improvement in the level of practice after receiving lecture cum demonstration regarding intravenous cannulation. The improvement in knowledge and practice was found in all subjects irrespective of their demographic variable

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitudes of tuberculosis management in San Juan de Lurigancho district of Lima, Peru

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 783-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Kiefer ◽  
Theresa Shao ◽  
Olveen Carrasquillo ◽  
Pamela Nabeta ◽  
Carlos Seas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes

Background: Expansion of the health care workforce in Peru to combat tuberculosis (TB) includes both professional health care providers (HCPs) such as doctors and nurses, and non-professional HCPs such as community health workers (CHWs). We describe the knowledge and attitudes of these HCPs, and identify modifiable barriers to appropriate anti-tuberculosis treatment.  Methodology: We surveyed HCPs practicing in 30 clinical settings (hospitals, community health centers, and health posts) in the San Juan de Lurigancho district of Eastern Lima, Peru. Multiple-choice questions were used to assess knowledge of TB. A five-item Likert scale was created to assess attitudes toward the community, patients, and clinics. Linear regression was used to identify predictors of mean knowledge score, and analysis of variance was used to test differences in HCP score.  Results: Of the 73 HCPs surveyed, 15% were professionals (doctors or nurses). The remaining 85% were health technicians, community health workers (CHWs) or students. The mean knowledge score was 10.0 ± 1.9 (maximum 14) with professional HCPs scoring higher than other HCPs (11.7 ± 1.1 vs. 9.7 ± 1.9), p < .01). Knowledge gaps included identification of patients at high risk for TB, assessment of treatment outcomes, and consequences of treatment failure. The most commonly cited modifiable barriers were structural, including laboratory facilities and staffing of TB clinics, with 52.1% and 62.5% of HCPs, respectively, citing these as problematic.  Conclusions: Efforts to improve knowledge of TB HCPs in Peru should focus on the specific gaps we have identified. Further research is needed to evaluate whether these knowledge gaps correlate with TB control.     

scholarly journals The role of community pharmacists in increasing access and use of self-care interventions for sexual and reproductive health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: examples from Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Somalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna El Bizri ◽  
Laila Ghazi Jarrar ◽  
Wael K. Ali Ali ◽  
Abdifatah H. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background Self-care interventions offer a solution to support the achievement of three goals of the World Health Organization (WHO): to improve universal health coverage, reach people in humanitarian situations, and improve health and well-being. In light of implementing WHO consolidated guidelines on self-care interventions to strengthen sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists from four different EMR countries discussed the current SRH situation, inequality gaps, barriers to SRH service access and the pharmacist’s crucial role as a first-line responder to patients before, during and after COVID-19. Case presentation Self-care interventions for SRH allow health care providers to serve a greater number of patients, improve progress toward universal health coverage, and reach people in humanitarian crises. In fact, these interventions can be significantly enhanced by utilizing community pharmacists as first-line health care providers. This review highlights the important role of community pharmacists in promoting self-care interventions and empowering individuals, families and communities. As a result, well-informed individuals will be authoritative in their health decisions. Exploring self-care interventions in the EMR was done through reviewing selected SRH services delivery through community pharmacists before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Somalia. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, community pharmacists were found to be excluded from both governmental and nongovernmental SRH programmes. During the pandemic, community pharmacists managed to support patients with self-care interventions, whether voluntarily or through their pharmacy associations. This highlights the need for the health care decision-makers to involve and support community pharmacists in influencing policies and promoting self-care interventions. Conclusion Self-care interventions can increase individuals’ choice and autonomy over SRH. Supporting community pharmacists will definitely strengthen SRH in the EMR and may help make the health system more efficient and more targeted.

scholarly journals Nurses’ knowledge and practices related to pain assessment in critically ill patients in a selected private hospital in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sipra Mondol ◽  
Faisal Muhammad ◽  
A. B. M. Alauddin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Background: Most of the time pain is difficult to assess and manage because of being inherently a subjective experience influenced by multiple factors. The perception and tolerance of pain may vary because of different psychological and social influences of the patient. Therefore it is important for health care providers to assess the pain so that individualized management interventions can be provided. This study was aimed to assess the nurses’ knowledge and practices related to pain assessment in critically ill patients.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 registered nurses working at different ICU in Square Hospital. The study was conducted within April to August 2017. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The data was collected using pre-tested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and it was analysed using SPSS 22.0 version.Results: About 81% of the respondents were in the age group 22-32 years and the mean age of the respondents was 27.74±12.06 years. About 79.0% of the respondents were female and 59.5% of the respondents had diploma in nursing. The mean monthly income of the respondents’ was 19450.5 taka. The majority (59.5%) of the respondents had less than 2 years’ service experience. About 85.5% of the respondents said it is important to assess the pain and need for analgesia before, during, and after wound care.Conclusions: Our findings reported that the nurses were reasonably knowledgeable about the principles of pain assessment. More than four-fifths of the respondents had adequate knowledge about pain assessment.

scholarly journals Utilization of Non-Pharmacological Methods and the Perceived Barriers for Adult Postoperative Pain Management by the Nurses at Selected National Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betiel Yihdego Kidanemariam ◽  
Traudl Elsholz ◽  
Laban L. Simel ◽  
Eyasu H. Tesfamariam ◽  
Yonatan Mehari Andemeskel
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Pharmacological methods are widely used for postoperative pain management however, poorly controlled pain continues to pose a significant challenge. Non pharmacological methods could contribute to the unresolved postoperative pain management in assisting nurses’ routine care and reducing the need for medication. This study aimed to assess nurses’ utilization of non-pharmacological methods in postoperative pain and the perceived barriers for their implementation at the National Hospitals.Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among 154 nurses working at the National Referral Hospitals and Sembel Private Hospital. A standardized five-point Likert-scale questionnaire which assesses nurses' utilization of selected non-pharmacological methods and the perceived barriers for the implementation was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics for the demographic data, independent samples t-test, one way ANOVA and factorial ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05.Results: The study found out that emotional support (45.5%), helping with daily activities (67.5%) and creating a comfortable environment (61%) were mostly used while, cognitive-behavioral (5.9%) and physical methods (5.8%) were hardly used. The results also showed that, characteristics such as, age (p=0.013), level of education (p=0.012), work experience (p=0.001) and place of work (p=0.001), were significantly related to the use of non-pharmacological methods at bivariate level. However, hospitals were the only determinants of the non-pharmacological methods at multivariable level with a statistical significance of (p<0.001). On the perceived barriers; heavy work load (87.7%), shortage of time (84.4%), limited resources (82.5%), deficit in the guidelines for pain management (77.3%), patient’s uncooperative behavior (57.1%), language difference (64.4%), nurse’s lack of knowledge (50%) and experience (40.3%) were identified.Conclusion: The use of non-pharmacological methods in the studied hospitals varied greatly on the knowledge and experience of the nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that exposure and training for all health care providers at all level is a paramount importance in order to appreciate the benefits of non-pharmacological methods applicable to postoperative pain management. This could be achieved through on job training, seminars, scientific conferences and other brainstorming forums.

scholarly journals Job satisfaction and its related factors in health care providers and health workers in Esfarayen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sadeghi ◽  
Hasan Jafari ◽  
Hossein Rouhani ◽  
Akram Zhianifard ◽  
Maryam Siavashi
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Job Satisfaction in Health care organizations is one of the important pillars of health promotion, due to the role they play in the prevention, care and treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the job satisfaction and its related factors in health workers in Esfarayen. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 140 health care workers in Esfarayen in 2017. Data was collected using Herzberg job satisfaction questionnaire, and data were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test in SPSS21 software. Results: The mean age of participant was 37 ± 8.34. Most of them were female (70%) and married (85.5%). The average of job satisfaction was 61.45 ± 7.65 (out of 100). The highest job satisfaction score was work ability (73.54 ± 1.08) and the lowest score belonged to supervision ( 49.15 ± 5.73). Among the demographic variables, Job satisfaction was significantly associated with Employment Status (P<0.05). Conclusion: Despite employees have job satisfaction, factors that increase job satisfaction of employees should be considered by the relevant authorities. Establishing suitable job standards, fair and reasonable salary, and the creation of facilities in the workplace can lead to improved employee satisfaction and, consequently, improved service quality.

scholarly journals Reproductive awareness and recognition of unintended pregnancy: young women, key informants and health care providers perspectives in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun ◽  
Jane Harries ◽  
Deborah Constant
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Pregnancy Status

Abstract Background South Africa has a liberal abortion law, yet denial of care is not uncommon, usually due to a woman being beyond the legal gestational age limit for abortion care at that facility. For women successfully obtaining care, time from last menstrual period to confirmation of pregnancy is significantly longer among those having an abortion later in the second trimester compared to earlier gestations. This study explores women’s experiences with recognition and confirmation of unintended pregnancy, their understanding of fertile periods within the menstrual cycle as well as healthcare providers’ and policy makers’ ideas for public sector strategies to facilitate prompt confirmation of pregnancy. Methods We recruited participants from July through September 2017, at an urban non-governmental organization (NGO) sexual and reproductive health (SRH) facility and two public sector hospitals, all providing abortion care into the second trimester. We conducted in-depth interviews and group discussions with 40 women to elicit information regarding pregnancy recognition and confirmation as well as fertility awareness. In addition, 5 providers at these same facilities and 2 provincial policy makers were interviewed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Uncertainties regarding pregnancy signs and symptoms greatly impacted on recognition of pregnancy status. Women often mentioned that others, including family, friends, partners or colleagues noticed pregnancy signs and prompted them to take action. Several women were unaware of the fertility window and earliest timing for accurate pregnancy testing. Health care providers and policy makers called for strategies to raise awareness regarding risk and signs of pregnancy and for pregnancy tests to be made more readily accessible. Conclusion Early recognition of unintended pregnancy in this setting is frustrated by poor understanding and awareness of fertility and pregnancy signs and symptoms, compounded by a distrust of commercially available pregnancy tests. Improving community awareness around risk and early signs of pregnancy and having free tests readily available may help women confirm their pregnancy status promptly.

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