Is there any difference in pulmonary testing parameters due to spirometry reference values? A study in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis

The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI 2012) presented multi-ethnic spirometry reference values that are recommended to be used instead previous Zapletals’ reference values. The study aimed to compare the values of the pulmonary parameters calculated according to the Zapletals’ versus the GLI 2012 reference values in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Preoperative pulmonary testing and radiographic evaluation were performed in 39 adolescents (29 females, 10 males) aged 12–17 years. The thoracic Cobb angle ranged 50°–104°. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured. The percentages of predicted values of FVC (%FVC) and the FEV1 (%FEV1) were calculated according to the Zapletals’ reference values and to the GLI 2012 reference values. The subgroup analysis was performed for the subjects with Cobb curve 50°–74° (N=26) versus the subjects with Cobb curve 75°–104° (N=13). Mean %FVC was significantly higher using the Zapletals’ reference values 86.1%±16.4 versus 84.6%±15.6 using the GLI 2012 reference values, p=0.0116. Mean %FEV1 was significantly higher using the Zapletals’ reference values 84.5%±18.2 versus 80.0%±16.3 using GLI 2012 reference values, p=0.000001. The subgroup analysis revealed significant difference of %FVC in moderate (p=0.033974) and no difference in severe curves (p=0.1993). The %FEV1 differences were significant in both moderate (p=0.000011) and severe curves (p=0.0334). The study demonstrated that a significant difference might be observed in the spirometry parameters due to the applied reference values. These differences might be taken into account during the spirometry examination interpretation.

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Loss of body height due to severe thoracic curvature does impact pulmonary testing results in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics - Research into Spinal Deformities 9 ◽

10.3233/shti210474 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

K Politarczyk ◽

Ł Stepniak ◽

M Kozinoga ◽

D Czaprowski ◽

T Kotwicki

Keyword(s):

Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Body Height ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

The Body ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Stokes Formula ◽

Parameters Measurement ◽

Pulmonary Status

A standing body height is a variable used to calculate pulmonary parameters during spirometry examination. In adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, the loss of the body height is observed, and it may potentially influence the results of pulmonary testing. The study aimed to analyze pulmonary parameters in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis in relation to the measured versus the corrected body height. Preoperative pulmonary testing and radiographic evaluation were performed in 39 children (29 females, 10 males) aged 12–17 years. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured. The single best effort was analyzed. Thoracic Cobb angle ranged 50°–104°. Corrected body height was calculated according to the Stokes’ formula. The subgroup analysis was performed for the subjects with curves 50°–74° (N=26) versus 75°–104° curves (N=13). Mean measured body height was 166.1±9.0 cm versus 168.9±8.9 cm mean corrected body height. The %FVC obtained for the measured height was significantly higher than obtained for the corrected height: 84.6% ±15.6 vs. 81.6% ±15.6, p<0.001. The %FEV1 obtained for the measured height was significantly higher than obtained for the corrected height: 79.8% ±16.3 vs. 77.35% ±15.9, p<0.001. The subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in %FVC and %FEV1 calculated for the measured versus the corrected body height, p<0.001. Corrected body height significantly influences the results of pulmonary parameters measurement. In consequence, it may influence the analysis of the pulmonary status of children with idiopathic scoliosis.

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Perbandingan FEV1 antara subjek perokok dan non perokok pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.4.2.2016.14685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Maniata F. Bata ◽

Maarthen C.P. Wongkar ◽

Bisuk P. Sedli

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Lung Function ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Study Data ◽

T Test ◽

F Test ◽

Anova Test ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract: Smoking is one of the factors causing decline of lung function characterized by impairment of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC. This study was aimed to obtain the differences in FEV1 between smokers and non smokers, among smokers based on duration of smoking, and among smokers based on the number of cigarettes per day in medical students of University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. This was an observational analytic study. Data were analyzed by using the independent T test and the ANOVA with the F Test. Subjects were 40 males, consisted of 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers. Six smokers had smoked for 2-5 years and 14 smokers had smoked for >5 years. Smoking less than10 cigarettes/day, 10-20 cigarettes/day, and more than 20 cigarettes/day were found in 8, 9, and 3 subjects respectively. The independent T-test showed that there was no significant difference in FEV1 between smokers and non-smokers (p=0.250). The independent T-test also showed that there was no significant difference in FEV1 between smokers of 2-5 years and smokers of more than 5 years (p=0.117). The ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference in FEV1 between smokers of <10 cigarettes/day, 10-20 cigarettes/day, and >20 cigarettes/day (p=0.481). Conclusion: In this study there were no significant differences in FEV1 between smokers and non smokers, among smokers based on duration of smoking, and among smokers based on the number of cigarettes per day.Keywords: smoker, non smoker, FEV1, duration of smoking, number of cigarette Abstrak: Merokok adalah salah satu faktor penyebab penurunan fungsi paru yang ditandai oleh penurunan nilai volume Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), dan rasio FEV1/FVC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan FEV1 antara subjek perokok dan non perokok, antar subjek perokok berdasarkan lama merokok, dan antar subjek perokok berdasarkan jumlah batang rokok yang dihisap per hari pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan uji T independent dan uji ANOVA dengan uji F. Subjek penelitian ialah 40 orang laki-laki terdiri dari 20 subjek perokok dan 20 subjek non perokok. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan terdapat 6 subjek perokok yang telah merokok selama 2-5 tahun dan 14 subjek telah merokok selama >5 tahun sedangkan yang menghisap rokok <10 batang/hari, 10-20 batang/hari, dan >20 batang/hari ialah masing-masing 8 orang, 9 orang, dan 3 orang. Uji T-independent menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara FEV1 subjek perokok dan non perokok (p=0,250). Hasil uji T independent terhadap perbedaan FEV1 subjek perokok yang telah merokok 2-5 tahun dengan yang telah merokok >5 tahun mendapatkan p=0,117. Uji ANOVA terhadap perbedaan nilai FEV1 antara subjek perokok yang menghisap rokok sebanyak <10 batang/hari, 10-20 batang/hari, dan >20 batang/hari mendapatkan p=0,481. Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara FEV1 subjek perokok dan non perokok, antar subjek perokok berdasarkan lama merokok, dan antar subjek perokok berdasarkan jumlah batang rokok yang dihisap per hari.Kata kunci: perokok, non perokok, FEV1, lama merokok, jumlah batang rokok

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Evaluation of lung function among the Indian elite female weightlifters

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170648 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 987

Author(s):

Snehunsu Adhikari ◽

Adilakshmi Perla ◽

Suresh Babu Sayana ◽

Mithilesh K. Tiwari ◽

Tambi Medabala

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Lung Function Test ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Health And Disease

Background: Spirometry is an essential tool to evaluate lung function of health and disease. Adaptability of lung and chest among athletes can be assessed by lung function test (LFT). The quest of our study was to evaluate the lung function (LF) of highly trained Indian female weighting athletes, and intended to appraise the adaptation of LF among trained elite athletes.Methods: Top ranked Indian female professional weightlifters (study group, n=6) were recruited for this study. Three out of the six weightlifters were from top ten world ranking of 6th, 7th and 9th. Age matched controls (control group, n=6) were selected for this study. Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1%) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) have been evaluated as per the ATS/ERS guidelines.Results: Statistically higher significant values of VC and FVC were noted in study group, where as other values (MVV, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC%) found no significant difference between two groups.Conclusions: Power, strength and explosiveness of the skeletal muscles are vital domains in weightlifting sport. Weightlifting is such a sport doesn’t require much ventilatory efforts during training as well as competition. This study clueing that physiological adaptation/ improvement of the pulmonary function (PF) depends on the type of the sport being engaged by the athletes.

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In-brace alterations of pulmonary functions in adolescents wearing a brace for idiopathic scoliosis

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364619839856 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 434-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gozde Yagci ◽

Gokhan Demirkiran ◽

Yavuz Yakut

Keyword(s):

Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Peak Expiratory Flow ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Respiratory Muscle ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Pulmonary Functions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Expiratory Flow

Background:Despite the common use of braces to prevent curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis, their functional effects on respiratory mechanics have not been widely studied.Objective:The objective was to determine the effects of bracing on pulmonary function in idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:A total of 27 adolescents with a mean age of 14.5 ± 1.5 years and idiopathic scoliosis were included in the study. Pulmonary function evaluation included vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, peak expiratory flow, and respiratory muscle strengths, measured with a spirometer, and patient-reported degree of dyspnea. The tests were performed once prior to bracing and at 1 month after bracing (while the patients wore the brace).Results:Compared with the unbraced condition, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, and peak expiratory flow values decreased and dyspnea increased in the braced condition. Respiratory muscle strength was under the norm in both unbraced and braced conditions, while no significant difference was found for these parameters between the two conditions.Conclusion:The spinal brace for idiopathic scoliosis tended to reduce pulmonary functions and increase dyspnea symptoms (when wearing a brace) in this study. Special attention should be paid in-brace effects on pulmonary functions in idiopathic scoliosis.Clinical relevanceBracing seems to mimic restrictive pulmonary disease, although there is no actual disease when the brace is removed. This study suggests that bracing may result in a deterioration of pulmonary function when adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are wearing a brace.

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The Effects of Exercise Therapy Moderated by Sex in Rehabilitation of COVID-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1192916/v2 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Linda Katharina Rausch ◽

Bernhard Puchner ◽

Jürgen Fuchshuber ◽

Barbara Seebacher ◽

Judith Löffler-Ragg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Exercise Therapy ◽

Reference Values ◽

Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program

Abstract BackgroundPulmonary rehabilitation serves as a key component in the recovery of COVID-19 and standardized exercise therapy programs in pulmonary rehabilitation have been shown to significantly improve physical performance and lung function parameters in post-acute COVID-19 patients. However, it has not been investigated if these positive effects are equally beneficial for both sexes, especially considering a more severe physical impact of COVID-19 in men when compared to women. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze outcomes of a pulmonary rehabilitation program with respect to sex differences, in order to identify sex-specific pulmonary rehabilitation requirements.MethodsData of 233 patients (40.4% females) were analyzed before and after a three-week standardized pulmonary rehabilitation program. Patients were admitted to rehabilitation due to post-acute COVID-19 illness and staged using the COVID-19 Severity Scale by Huang et al. (2021). Lung function parameters were assessed as part of the clinical routine using spirometry (ICmax, maximal inspiratory capacity) and body plethysmography (FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second) and functional exercise capacity was measured by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). For the comparison of lung function and walking parameters by sex, Welch-ANOVA was used, as results of Levene's test suggested significant heteroscedasticity regarding the investigated parameters (p > 0.05). When comparing post-treatment 6MWT, FEV1 and FCV to corresponding reference values, paired t-tests were used.ResultsAt post-rehabilitation, ICmax, FVC, FEV1 and 6MWT has been improved in both sexes. Females showed a significantly smaller improvement in FEV1 and ICmax (F = 5.86, ω2 = .02; p < 0.05) than males. There was no statistically significant difference in FVC and 6MWT performance improvements between men and women. After the rehabilitation stay, females made greater progress towards reference values of 6MWT (T(231) = -3.04; p < 0.01) and FEV1 (T(231) = 2.83; p < 0.01) than males.ConclusionsSex differences in the improvement of lung function parameters seem to exist when completing a three-week pulmonary rehabilitation program and should be considered when personalizing standardized exercise therapies in pulmonary rehabilitation.Trial registrationthis study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00026936) on 2021/10/19.

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The Effects of Exercise Therapy Moderated by Sex in Rehabilitation of COVID-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1192916/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Linda Katharina Rausch ◽

Bernhard Puchner ◽

Jürgen Fuchshuber ◽

Barbara Seebacher ◽

Judith Löffler-Ragg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Exercise Therapy ◽

Reference Values ◽

Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program

Abstract BackgroundPulmonary rehabilitation serves as a key component in the recovery of COVID-19 and standardized exercise therapy programs in pulmonary rehabilitation have been shown to significantly improve physical performance and lung function parameters in post-acute COVID-19 patients. However, it has not been investigated if these positive effects are equally beneficial for both sexes, especially considering a more severe physical impact of COVID-19 in men when compared to women. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze outcomes of a pulmonary rehabilitation program with respect to sex differences, in order to identify sex-specific pulmonary rehabilitation requirements.MethodsData of 233 patients were analyzed before and after a three-week standardized pulmonary rehabilitation program. Patients were admitted to rehabilitation due to post-acute COVID-19 illness and staged using the COVID-19 Severity Scale by Huang et al. (2021). Lung function parameters were assessed as part of the clinical routine using spirometry (ICmax, maximal inspiratory capacity) and body plethysmography (FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second) and functional exercise capacity was measured by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). For the comparison of lung function and walking parameters by sex, Welch-ANOVA was used, as results of Levene's test suggested significant heteroscedasticity regarding the investigated parameters (p > 0.05). When comparing post-treatment 6MWT, FEV1 and FCV to corresponding reference values, paired t-tests were used.ResultsAt post-rehabilitation, ICmax, FVC, FEV1 and 6MWT has been improved in both sexes. Females showed a significantly smaller improvement in FEV1 and ICmax (F = 5.86, ω2 = .02; p < 0.05) than males. There was no statistically significant difference in FVC and 6MWT performance improvements between men and women. After the rehabilitation stay, females made greater progress towards reference values of 6MWT (T(231) = -3.04; p < 0.01) and FEV1 (T(231) = 2.83; p < 0.01) than males.ConclusionsSex differences in the improvement of lung function parameters seem to exist when completing a three-week pulmonary rehabilitation program and should be considered when personalizing standardized exercise therapies in pulmonary rehabilitation.Trial registrationthis study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00026936) on 2021/10/19.

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Ventilatory function among healthy young Saudi adults: a comparison with Caucasian reference values

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.5372/1905-7415.0501.020 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 157-161

Author(s):

Ahmad H. Alghadir ◽

Farag A. Aly

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Reference Values ◽

Objective Measure ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Lung Function Tests ◽

Prediction Equations ◽

Mean Values ◽

Function Tests ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Maximal Voluntary Ventilation

Abstract Background: Ethnic differences in lung function are recognized. However, most of the modern lung function equipments are pre-programmed with Caucasian reference values. Objective: Measure spirometric values among healthy Saudi male and female adults and compare with the Caucasian reference values in a standard spirometer. Methods: Thirty healthy Saudi young adults (15 males and 15 females; mean age 25 years) participated in this study. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC (%), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were recorded using a portable digital spirometer. Results: Mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%) and MVV for the Saudi subjects were significantly lower than the Caucasians predicted values. Conclusion: Interpretation of lung function tests of Saudi subjects based on the Caucasian prediction equations is generally not valid, as the parameters of lung function tests in Saudi subjects are lower than the Caucasian reference values. The present results underline an urgent need for larger studies to develop prediction equations based on normative spirometric values for Saudi population involving subjects of all ages and both genders living in different climates of the country.

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Spirometry Examination of Adolescents with Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is Correction for Height Loss Useful?

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10214877 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 4877

Author(s):

Katarzyna Politarczyk ◽

Mateusz Kozinoga ◽

Łukasz Stępniak ◽

Paweł Panieński ◽

Tomasz Kotwicki

Keyword(s):

Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽

Cobb Angle ◽

Body Height ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Height Loss ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis

Loss of body height is observed in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) due to spine curvatures. The study compared pulmonary parameters obtained from spirometry examination considering the measured versus the corrected body height. One hundred and twenty adolescents with Lenke type 1 or 3 IS who underwent preoperative spirometry examination and radiographic evaluation were enrolled. The mean thoracic Cobb angle was 68° ± 12.6, range 48–102°. The difference between the measured and the corrected body height increased with the greater Cobb angle. Using the corrected body height instead of the measured body height significantly changed the predicted values of pulmonary parameters and influenced the interpretation of the pulmonary testing results.

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Deep breaths, methacholine, and airway narrowing in healthy and mild asthmatic subjects

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00209.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 1384-1390 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Emanuele Crimi ◽

Riccardo Pellegrino ◽

Manlio Milanese ◽

Vito Brusasco

Keyword(s):

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Forced Expiration ◽

Airway Narrowing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mild Asthmatic ◽

Residual Capacity ◽

Airway Conductance

Deep breaths taken before inhalation of methacholine attenuate the decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity in healthy but not in asthmatic subjects. We investigated whether this difference also exists by using measurements not preceded by full inflation, i.e., airway conductance, functional residual capacity, as well as flow and residual volume from partial forced expiration. We found that five deep breaths preceding a single dose of methacholine 1) transiently attenuated the decrements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity in healthy ( n = 8) but not in mild asthmatic ( n = 10) subjects and 2) increased the areas under the curve of changes in parameters not preceded by a full inflation over 40 min, during which further deep breaths were prohibited, without significant difference between healthy ( n = 6) and mild asthmatic ( n = 16) subjects. In conclusion, a series of deep breaths preceding methacholine inhalation significantly enhances bronchoconstrictor response similarly in mild asthmatic and healthy subjects but facilitates bronchodilatation on further full inflation in the latter.

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Impact of Lung Biopsy on Lung Function in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Respiration ◽

10.1159/000509557 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Pierre-Henri Aussedat ◽

Nader Chebib ◽

Kais Ahmad ◽

Jean-Charles Glerant ◽

Gabrielle Drevet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Lung Biopsy ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Surgical Lung Biopsy ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Background: Video-assisted surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is performed in 10–30% of cases to establish the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of SLB on lung function in patients eventually diagnosed with IPF. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, monocentric study of all consecutive patients eventually diagnosed with IPF in multidisciplinary discussion who underwent SLB over 10 years in a specialized center. The primary end point was the variation in forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after the SLB. The secondary end points were the variations in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO), and morbidity and mortality associated with the SLB. Results: In 118 patients who underwent SLB and were diagnosed with IPF, a relative decrease in FVC of 4.8% (p < 0.001) was found between measurements performed before and after the procedure. The mean FVC decrease was 156 ± 386 mL in an average period of 185 days, representing an annualized decline of 363 ± 764 mL/year. A significant decrease was also observed after SLB in FEV1, TLC, and DLCO. Complications within 30 days of SLB occurred in 14.4% of patients. Two patients (1.7%) died within 30 days, where one of them had poor lung function. Survival at 1 year was significantly poorer in patients with FVC <50% at baseline. Conclusion: In this uncontrolled study in patients ultimately diagnosed with IPF, SLB was followed by a significant decline in FVC, which appears to be numerically greater than the average decline in the absence of treatment in the literature. Summary at a Glance: This study evaluated the change in lung function in 118 consecutive patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by surgical lung biopsy. Forced vital capacity decreased by 156 ± 386 mL in a mean of 185 days between the last measurement before and first measurement after biopsy, representing an annualized decline of 363 ± 764 mL/year.

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