scholarly journals THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF FORENSIS-PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERSONALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-521
Author(s):  
O. Slipets

Over more than a hundred years of history of the application of psychological knowledge to resolve issues of law remains a controversial series of theoretical provisions of forensic psychological examination. This is also true for the psychological examination of individual psychological (typological) features of the person. The purpose of the article is to formulate theoretical provisions of forensic psychological examination of typological features of a person, main concepts. Based on the definition of the object and subject of forensic psychological examination, the concept of object and subject of psychological examination of typological features of a person is formulated. On the basis of an analysis of the legal significance of the psychological study of a person of a suspect (accused) in criminal and administrative proceedings, the legal significance and tasks of forensic psychological examination of typological peculiarities are formulated. Proceeding from the subject of psychology, the legal significance of psychological facts for establishing legal criteria, the standardized requirements for qualification and the behavior of an expert, it is proposed to clarify the limits of competence of an expert psychologist. A means of applying the notion-limiter to general psychological categories, the definition of the basic concepts of forensic psychological examination typological features of the person. The theoretical provisions of the forensic psychological examination of psychological peculiarities of a person are formulated: object, subject, legal significance, tasks, limits of competence, thesaurus, is an element of the system of theoretical and methodical foundations of forensic psychological examination and the basis for the creation of a method of forensic psychological examination of typological features of a person .

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Safuanov

The methodology of the subject types of forensic examinations with the application of psychological knowledge is analyzed. The history of the formation of subject types of forensic psychological examination and a comprehensive forensic psychological and psychiatric examination is considered. Shows their transformation and expansion under the influence of changes of domestic legislation. Based on the definition of the research subject of a legal expert- psychologist, concluded that the first step of building the subject of a separate judicial review should be the analysis of its legal significance. Discussed options for legal consequences and the role of expert opinion in in making judicial decisions. The second step is expertelligence analysis. It is the allocation of the psychological characteristics of legal rules (legal criteria). The third stage of psychological analysis consists in the correlation of concepts with expert knowledge in scientific psychology. The need of adaptation and transformation of scientific psychological knowledge (as basic science) in forensic psychological expertise (special knowledge of the expert) are shown. Discusses ways of formation of special knowledge of the expert-psychologist and the limits of its competence.


Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czeczot

The article deals with the love of Zygmunt Krasiński to Delfina Potocka. The point of departure is the poet's definition of love as looking and reads Krasiński's relationship with his beloved in the context of two phenomena that fascinated him at the time: daguerreotype and magnetism. The invention of the daguerreotype in which the history of photography and spiritism comes together becomes a pretext for the formulation of a new concept of love and the loving subject. In the era of painting the woman was treated as a passive object of the male gaze; photography reverses this scheme of power. Love ceases to be a static relationship of the subject in love and the passive object – the beloved. The philosophy of developing photographs (and invoking phantoms) allows Krasiński - the writing subject to become like a light-sensitive material that reveals the image of the beloved.


Author(s):  
Brent A. R. Hege

AbstractAs dialectical theology rose to prominence in the years following World War I, the new theologians sought to distance themselves from liberalism in a number of ways, an important one being a rejection of Schleiermacher’s methods and conclusions. In reading the history of Weimar-era theology as it has been written in the twentieth century one would be forgiven for assuming that Schleiermacher found no defenders during this time, as liberal theology quietly faded into the twilight. However, a closer examination of this period reveals a different story. The last generation of liberal theologians consistently appealed to Schleiermacher for support and inspiration, perhaps none more so than Georg Wobbermin, whom B. A. Gerrish has called a “captain of the liberal rearguard.” Wobbermin sought to construct a religio-psychological method on the basis of Schleiermacher’s definition of religion and on his “Copernican turn” toward the subject and resolutely defended such a method against the new dialectical theology long after liberal theology’s supposed demise. A consideration of Wobbermin’s appeals to Schleiermacher in his defense of the liberal program reveals a more complex picture of the state of theology in the Weimar period and of Schleiermacher’s legacy in German Protestant thought.


2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
K. Galiyeva ◽  
◽  
S. Isakova ◽  

The article is devoted to the definition of concept in modern linguistics. Various points of view and definitions of the basic concepts are considered: "concept", "conceptual sphere", "content". The aim of the article is to describe and explain such a complex unit as a concept from the point of view of linguistics. The object of research is studied in its various manifestations, the combination of verbal and nonverbal means of information expression in the conceptual sphere is revealed. the relevance of this topic is due to the need for a detailed consideration of the concept of concept based on the works of prominent scientists and linguists. Researchers treat the concept as a cognitive, psycholinguistic, linguocultural, cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The concept is an umbrella term because it "covers" the subject areas of several scientific fields: primarily cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics.


Author(s):  
Ewa Wipszycka

The Canons of Athanasius, a homiletic work written at the beginning of the fifth century in one of the cities of the Egyptian chora, provide us with many important and detailed pieces of information about the Church hierarchy. Information gleaned from this text can be found in studies devoted to the history of Christianity of the fourth and fifth centuries, but rarely are they the subject of reflection as an autonomous subject. To date, no one has endeavoured to determine how the author of the Canons sought to establish the parameters of his work: why he included certain things in this work, and why left other aspects out despite them being within the boundaries of the subject which he had wished to write upon. This article looks to explore two thematic areas: firstly, what we learn about the hierarchical Church from the Canons, and secondly, what we know about the hierarchical Church from period sources other than the Canons. This article presents new arguments which exclude the authorship of Athanasius and date the creation of the Canons to the first three decades of the fifth century.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Tomašević

The paper offers a definition of cosmology and its connections with mythology, and presents contemporary theories as a secular mythical narrative suitable for anthropological analysis. The paper is dedicated to emphasizing the folklore characteristics of modern cosmology and points to the importance of popular cosmological narratives as reading that contains culturally, philosophically and even religiously relevant elements. Special attention is paid to cosmogonic myths that describe the state of the universe before the creation of space and time. A parallel has been drawn between modern cosmology and conventional cosmogonic myths. In the end, the paper offers a concise definition of popular cosmology and recalls the most important authors and popularizers of modern theories. The main task of the paper is to present the basic concepts that can contribute to a complete understanding of the anthropological character of the presentation of contemporary cosmology that we encounter in popular narratives. The aim of such an analysis is to observe the depth of the significance of modern science for creating a philosophical picture of the world that inherits secular worldviews. By treating popular cosmology as a modern myth, the paper presents a new dimension of the significance of scientific theories for today's civilization. Such an approach unravels the strictly positivist halo of cosmology and points to its anthropological character. The concepts highlighted in the paper serve as an illustration of the significance that the image of the universe and the position of the Earth has for the history of civilization. By presenting the cultural dimension of cosmology, it opens a space for dialogue between different branches of scientific research, i.e. it contributes to the communication of philosophy and science. Equally important, by illuminating the folklore character of the narrative of the origin and history of the universe, a training ground is created for philosophers and theologians who, in their own ways, interpret the creation of everything around us. By drawing attention to authors such as Neil deGrasse Tyson, Lawrence Kraus, Stephen Hawking, Michio Kaku and others, as contemporary bards and narrators, the paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of popular cosmology as an expression of modern man's need for great stories, for narratives that transcend the spatial and temporal frames of one generation, and that is exactly what myths do.


2019 ◽  
pp. 377-402
Author(s):  
Philip S. Trompetter

This chapter briefly identifies important societal events and governmental responses that set the stage for the emergence of the specialty of police psychology, provides the names and departments of early practitioners (1963-1990) of police psychology, and explains how the current definition of police psychology was developed, with its four domains and 55 proficiencies. The maturation of the specialty is outlined from its recognition as an American Psychological Association (APA) proficiency, to the creation of an American Board of Police & Public Safety Psychology (ABPPSP) specialty board, and most recently to its recognition as an APA specialty.


Author(s):  
Robert T. Hanlon

The North British group of scientists, including Thomson, Rankine, an adopted Joule, Tait, and Maxwell created in the written word the field of thermodynamics in which temperature plays a central role. Thomson experienced the first glimpse of dQ/T; however, a valid definition of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics remained absent. John Tyndall challenged the revisionist history of this group in which Joule was declared the first to discover heat–work equivalence and not the German Mayer. This led to the infamous Tait–Tyndall controversy.


2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bergunder

Religious studies cannot agree on a common definition of its subject matter. To break the impasse, important insights from recent discussions about post-foundational political theory might be of some help. However, they can only be of benefit in conversations about “religion” when the previous debate on the subject matter of religious studies is framed slightly differently. This is done in the first part of the article. It is, then, shown on closer inspection of past discussions on “religion” that a consensus-capable, contemporary, everyday understanding of “religion,” here called Religion 2, is assumed, though it remains unexplained and unreflected upon. The second part of the article shows how Religion 2 can be newly conceptualized through the lens of Ernesto Laclau’s political theory, combined with concepts from Judith Butler and Michel Foucault, and how Religion 2 can be established as the historical subject matter of religious studies. Though concrete historical reconstructions of Religion 2 always remain contested, I argue that this does not prevent it from being generally accepted as the subject matter of religious studies. The third part discusses the previous findings in the light of postcolonial concerns about potential Eurocentrism in the concept of “religion.” It is argued that Religion 2 has to be understood in a fully global perspective, and, as a consequence, more research on the global religious history of the 19th and 20th centuries is urgently needed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 327-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kokowski

This article investigates the forgotten achievements of Władysław Natanson (1864–1937) related to the creation of Bose-Einstein statistics. The introductory part of the article presents considerations regarding the methodology of history and the history of exact sciences, and then the divergent research perspectives that can be taken in the description of the history of Bose-Einstein statistics, as well as the author’s integrated approach to this issue, which eliminates the disadvantages of these divergent views. This integrated approach is then used to describe the achievements of Władysław Natanson related to the creation of Bose-Einstein statistics. These achievements are presented against the background and in the context of discussions which – relatively sporadically – took place among various groups of researchers: historians and philosophers of science, physicists, sociologists of scientific knowledge in the 20th and 21st centuries. These discussions have now been reordered here. They are followed by a presentation of the complete list of Natanson’s publications regarding the subject. Also shown is his strategy to quote reliably the bibliography with regard to the explanation of the distribution of blackbody radiation and related issues. Additionally, a list of scientists who knew Natanson’s publications has been supplemented in the article and the precursorship of Natanson’s achievements is explained. This is followed by a rebuttal of many erroneous or simplified statements about him and his achievements. The already well-known terminological conventions have been recalled: “Bose statistics” and “Bose-Einstein statistics”, as well as recently introduced: “Planck-Bose statistics” (1984), “Natanson’s statistics” (1997)”, “Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics” (2005), “Planck-Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics” (2011), and “Natanson statistics” (2013). New terminological conventions have been introduced: “Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson statistics” and “Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics”. A side effect of this research is a discovery that Robert K. Merton – the author of the label ‘Matthew effect’ – chose the name of the effect using erroneous premises and the effect should therefore be named after its actual discoverer. The article is accompanied by four appendixes: the first presents reflections on the methodology of historiography and historiography of exact sciences, the second – a commentary on the use of the terms: “Bose statistics”, “Bose-Einstein statistics”, “Einstein-Bose statistics” and “Planck-Bose statistics”, the third – a very important letter by Max Planck to Władysław Natanson (of 25 January 1913), and the fourth – the excerpts of two letters from Sommerfeld to Rubinowicz (of 1 October 1919 and 1 November 1919). Rozbieżne historie statystyki Bosego-Einsteina i zapomniane osiągnięcia Władysława Natansona (1864–1937) Abstrakt Artykuł bada zapomniane osiągnięcia Władysława Natansona (1864–1937) związane z powstaniem statystyki Bosego-Einsteina. W części wstępnej artykułuwskazano rozbieżne perspektywy badawcze, jakie przyjmowano w opisie historii statystyki Bosego-Einsteina, a także autorskie zintegrowane ujęcie tego zagadnienia, które eliminuje wady tych rozbieżnych perspektyw. Wspomniane zintegrowane ujęcie zastosowano następnie do opisania osiągnięć Władysława Natansona (1864–1937), związanych z powstaniem statystyki Bosego-Einsteina. Dokonania Natansona przedstawiono na tle i w kontekście dyskusji, jakie toczyły się (stosunkowo sporadycznie) wśród różnych grup badaczy: historyków i filozofów nauki, fizyków, socjologów wiedzy naukowej w XX i XXI w. Dyskusje uporządkowano oraz przedstawiono kompletną listę publikacji Natansona dotyczących omawianego zagadnienia. Wskazano także strategię rzetelnego cytowania przez Natansona bibliografii dotyczącej wyjaśnienia rozkładu promieniowania ciała doskonale czarnego i pokrewnych zagadnień; uzupełniono listę naukowców, którzy znali publikacje Natansona; skorygowano wiele błędnych lub uproszczonych stwierdzeń na temat Natansona i znaczenia jego publikacji, wyjaśniono kwestię prekursorstwa jego osiągnięć etc. Przypomniano już znane konwencje terminologiczne: „statystyka Bosego” i „statystyka Bosego-Einsteina”, jak również niedawno wprowadzone: „statystyka Plancka-Bosego” (1984), „statystyka Natansona” (1997, 2013), „statystyka Natansona-Bosego-Einsteina” (2005) oraz „statystyka Plancka-Natansona-Bosego-Einsteina” (2011). Wprowadzono nowe konwencje terminologiczne: „statystyka Boltzmanna-Plancka-Natansona” i „statystyka Boltzmanna-Plancka-Natansona-Bosego-Einsteina”. Skutkiem pobocznym tych badań jest odkrycie, iż socjolog Robert K. Merton – autor określenia „efekt św. Mateusza” – wybrał tę nazwę, posługując się błędnymi przesłankami i dlatego należy nazywać ten efekt nazwiskiem jego faktycznego odkrywcy. Do artykułu dołączone są cztery dodatki: pierwszy – przedstawia rozważania z zakresu metodologii historii i historii nauk ścisłych, drugi – komentarz dotyczący użycia terminów: „statystyka Bosego”, „statystyka Bosego-Einsteina”, „statytyska Einsteina-Bosego” oraz „statystyka Plancka-Bosego, trzeci – bardzo ważny list Maxa Plancka do Władysława Natansona z 25 stycznia 1913 r, a czwarty – fragmenty dwóch listów Sommerfelda do Rubinowicza z 1 października 1919 i 1 listopada 1919.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document