scholarly journals Acute respiratory infections in outpatient care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: the role and position of antibacterial therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
R.F. Khamitov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Care Costs

Acute respiratory infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract are currently the leading cause of human morbidity, mainly due to the seasonal rise of the incidence rates of viral infections. This results in the heavy burden of annual health care costs. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problem. The associations between respiratory viruses and bacteria are not always clear thus accounting for the diversity of the risks of the complicated course and fatal outcomes of various bacterial viral coinfections. Influenza virus is associated with the high rate of bacterial complications (in particular, during seasonal peaks). Meanwhile, this is less typical of the novel coronavirus infection. In addition, several studies demonstrate the competitive edge of SARS-CoV-2 when interacting with other respiratory viruses. The specificities of viral bacterial associations greatly affect the treatment whose inadequacy (in particular, the prescription of antibiotics) is the leading cause of the increasing antimicrobial resistance of contemporary germs. The novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 is no exception in terms of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing as occurred often in the seasonal rise of acute respiratory viral infections. The understanding of this issue, the optimization of treatment strategies, and a reduction in health care costs will allow for preserving antibiotics as a class of highly effective medications. KEYWORDS: acute respiratory infections, COVID-19, bacterial coinfection, outpatient care, lung damage, antimicrobial therapy. FOR CITATION: Khamitov R.F. Acute respiratory infections in outpatient care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: the role and position of antibacterial therapy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(4):214–218. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-214-218.

scholarly journals Clinical-epidemiological peculiarities of acute respiratory infections in children from 3 to 12 years and evaluation of effectiveness of antivirus therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
S. A. Khmilevskaya ◽  
N. I. Zryachkin ◽  
V. E. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim: to study the etiological structure of acute respiratory infections in children aged 3 to 12 hospitalized in the early stages of the disease in the department of respiratory infections of the children’s hospital, and to reveal the features of their clinical course and the timing of DNA / RNA elimination of respiratory viruses from nasal secretions, depending on the method of therapy. Materials and methods: 100 children with acute respiratory infections aged 3 to 12 years were monitored. The nasal secrets on the DNA / RNA of respiratory viruses were studied by PCR. Depending on the method of therapy, patients were divided into 2 groups: patients of group 1 (comparison) received basic treatment (without the use of antiviral drugs), in patients of the 2nd group (main), along with basal therapy, the drug was used umifenovir in a 5-day course at the ageappropriate dosage. Results: In the etiologic structure of ARVI in children from 3 to 12 years, the leading place was taken by rhinovirus, influenza and metapneumovirus infections (isolated – 18%, 19% and 20% respectively, in the form of a mixed infection – 11%). The main syndromic diagnosis at the height of the disease was rhinopharyngitis. Complications were observed in 42% of cases, as often as possible with flu – 53% of cases. Features of metapneumovirus infection in children of this age group were: predominance of non-severe forms of the disease in the form of acute fever with symptoms of rhinopharyngitis, as well as a small incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. The use of the drug umiphenovir in children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies contributed to significantly faster elimination of viral DNA / RNA from the nasal secretion, which was accompanied by a ecrease in the duration of the main clinical and hematological symptoms of the disease, a decrease in the incidence of complications, and reduced the duration of stay in hospital. Conclusion: application of modern molecular genetic methods of diagnostics made it possible to identify the leading role of influenza, metapneumovirus and rhinovirus infections in the etiology of acute respiratory viral infection in patients aged 3 to 12 years, and to determine a number of clinical features characteristic of this age group. The results of the study testify to the effectiveness of umiphenovir in the treatment of children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies and allow us to recommend this drug as an effective and safe etiotropic agent.

scholarly journals Direct Measurement of Rates of Asymptomatic Infection and Clinical Care-Seeking for Seasonal Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shaman ◽  
Marta Galanti
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Longitudinal Sampling

AbstractThe pandemic potential of the novel coronavirus (nCoV) that emerged in Wuhan, China, during December 2019 is strongly tied to the number and contagiousness of undocumented human infections. Here we present findings from a proactive longitudinal sampling study of acute viral respiratory infections that documents rates of asymptomatic infection and clinical care seeking for seasonal coronavirus. We find that the majority of infections are asymptomatic by most symptom definitions and that only 4% of individuals experiencing a seasonal coronavirus infection episode sought medical care for their symptoms. These numbers indicate that a very high percentage of seasonal coronavirus infections are undocumented and provide a reference for understanding the spread of the emergent nCoV.

scholarly journals Aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium in prevention, therapy and rehabilitation of patients with respiratory diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Trukhan ◽  
◽  
Natalya V. Bagisheva ◽  
Anna V. Mordyk ◽  
Ekaterina Yu. Nebesnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Prevention Therapy ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The modern approach to the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections consists in the use of drugs that increase the body’s defenses, helping to create a barrier to the penetration of the virus. Immunomodulators exhibit a nonspecific effect in acute respiratory viral infections, which makes it possible to use them against various types of respiratory viruses without accurate laboratory diagnostics and expands clinical capabilities. In the first part of the review, the features of sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione and the experience of its use in respiratory pathology are considered. The pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), spread by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become a challenge to health systems around the world. The second part of the review reviews the results of the first studies on the use of sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione for the prevention and treatment of new coronavirus infection. Recently, much attention has been paid to the long-term consequences of the postponed coronavirus infection. In the final part of the review, various aspects of the “post-COVID syndrome” are discussed and the possibilities of aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium at the stage of rehabilitation after a coronavirus infection are discussed.

Septic shock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Bitsadze ◽  
T. A. Sukontseva ◽  
S. V. Akinshina ◽  
Ya. Yu. Sulina ◽  
J. Kh. Khizroeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
The Relationship

The problem of sepsis and septic shock has recently become more and more actual. In obstetrics and gynaecology, the number of cases of sepsis has more than doubled over the past 10 years. The review examines the clinical forms of septic conditions, risk factors, pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock, the main pathogens of septic conditions. Special attention is paid to neonatal sepsis. The relationship between septic shock and viral infections is considered in the context of the novel coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hemostasis abnormalities have been demonstrated in patients with septic shock, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The importance of determining the level of ADAMTS-13 to refine the forecast is discussed.

Septic shock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Bitsadze ◽  
T. A. Sukontseva ◽  
S. V. Akinshina ◽  
Ya. Yu. Sulina ◽  
J. Kh. Khizroeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
The Relationship

The problem of sepsis and septic shock has recently become more and more actual. In obstetrics and gynaecology, the number of cases of sepsis has more than doubled over the past 10 years. The review examines the clinical forms of septic conditions, risk factors, pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock, the main pathogens of septic conditions. Special attention is paid to neonatal sepsis. The relationship between septic shock and viral infections is considered in the context of the novel coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hemostasis abnormalities have been demonstrated in patients with septic shock, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The importance of determining the level of ADAMTS-13 to refine the forecast is discussed.

scholarly journals GAAREIP: Indian Innovation of Caps and Personal Protective Equipment

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Aakash Pandita ◽  
Girish Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The world has recently been hit by a pandemic caused by the novel Coronavirus infection. The infection is highly contagious and possesses a significant risk for health care workers caring for the infected patients. With more than 200 countries being affected and around 3,00,000 deaths across the globe, the essential supply of masks and personal protective equipment has been falling short of the ever increasing need. In such crisis there is a need for innovating and designing endogenous masks and equipment to avoid compromise in care of the effected patients and for safeguarding the health of health care workers.

Etiology of severe acute respiratory infections in Ekaterinburg in different epidemic seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Viktorovna Lelenkova ◽  
Alexandr Yurievich Markaryan
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory viral infections are ubiquitous. Part of the cases are severe and require hospital treatment. AIM: Studying the etiology of severe acute respiratory infections in patients of Ekaterinburg hospitals in different epidemic seasons (from 2017 to 2020). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1,132 cases of severe acute respiratory infection were assessed. The structure of laboratory-confirmed cases was determined. RESULTS: In the assessed seasons, the proportion of respiratory viruses in the etiological structure of severe acute respiratory infections was 56.0% on average. B/Yamagata lineage of influenza viruses was predominant in the season of 2017/2018 (23.9% from the total number of respiratory viruses), influenza А (H1N1)pdm09 viruses were predominant in the season of 2018/2019 (27.7%), and influenza A and B viruses were identified in 2019/2020 (39.4% and 31.7%, respectively). СONCLUSIONS: The obtained results confirm a key role of influenza viruses in the etiology of severe acute respiratory infections among the hospital patients in different epidemic seasons.

scholarly journals Antivirális és gyulladásellenes kezelési lehetőségek COVID–19-ben

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (17) ◽  
pp. 643-651
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szekanecz ◽  
Krisztina Bogos ◽  
Tamás Constantin ◽  
Béla Fülesdi ◽  
Veronika Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Összefoglaló. Az új típusú koronavírus-fertőzés (COVID–19) nagy terhet ró az egészségügyi ellátórendszerre és a társadalomra. A betegségnek három nagy szakasza van, melyek alapvetően meghatározzák a kezelést. Az I–IIA fázisban az antivirális, míg a IIB–III. fázisban a gyulladásgátló kezelés áll előtérben, melyhez intenzív terápiás, szupportív kezelés csatlakozik. A jelen ajánlás kizárólag a gyógyszeres kezelésre vonatkozik, és a rendelkezésre álló bizonyítékok alapján foglalja össze a terápiás lehetőségeket. Emellett egy javasolt kezelési algoritmust is tartalmaz. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(17): 643–651. Summary. The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) places a heavy burden on the health care system and our society. There are three major stages in the disease that fundamentally determine treatment approaches. Phases I–IIA require primarily antiviral treatment. In phases IIB–III, anti-inflammatory treatment is needed accompanied by intensive and supportive care. This recommendation applies only to pharmacotherapy and summarizes the therapeutic options based on the available evidence. It also includes a proposed treatment algorithm. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(17): 643–651.

scholarly journals The Dermatological Manifestations in the Coronavirus Infection COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-429
Author(s):  
A. S. Dvornikov ◽  
A. A. Silin ◽  
T. A. Gaydina ◽  
V. N. Larina ◽  
P. A. Skripkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Skin Manifestations ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Vesicular Rash ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The variety of dermatological manifestations in patients with the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, the incidence of which depends on concomitant pathology and the characteristics of drug treatment, and their characteristics are similar to those that occur with conventional viral infections is discussed. At the present time it is proposed to distinguish several groups depending on the cause and mechanism of development: angiitis of the skin; papulo-squamous rash and pink lichen; measles rash and infectious erythema; papulo-vesicular rash; toxidermia; urticarial eruptions and artifical lesions. The variety of the clinical picture of the skin manifestations of coronavirus infection requires in-depth analysis in order to interpret correctly the skin lesions and other infectious exanthema and dermatoses in patients with COVID-19.

A clinical case of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) reinfection in a health care worker

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kovtyukh ◽  
Gennady E. Gendlin ◽  
Igor G. Nikitin ◽  
Ekaterina V. Kabirova ◽  
Olga Yu. Markina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Health Care Worker ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Care Worker

The peculiarities of immune responses to a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and the possibility of reinfection due to the variability of humoral immunity are currently under discussion. This article presents a case of COVID-19 reinfection in a health care worker.

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