scholarly journals Repellents as a major element in the context of prevention of tick-borne diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-280
Author(s):  
Marta Przygodzka ◽  
Ewa Mikulak ◽  
Tomasz Chmielewski ◽  
Aleksandra Gliniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Major Element ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Fatal Course ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

In Poland, out of the 21 species of ticks described, two species have the greatest epidemiological significance: Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus. Their participation in the transmission of etiologic agents of vector diseases such as Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, rickettsiosis and many others is widely known. Due to the often severe and sometimes fatal course of diseases transmitted by ticks, a great deal of emphasis is placed on prophylactic activities, minimizing the possibility of biting and transfering pathogens along with the arachnid saliva. In addition to means of personal protection, including appropriate clothing, protective vaccinations, avoiding tick habitats or body checking after returning from this type of places, one of the most important elements of anti-tick prevention is the use of effective repellents. The key role of using the repellent is to discourage the arthropod from attacking and to prevent it from taking food, as a result of which there is no phenomenon of transmission of pathogens from the hematophage to the host organism. The most commonly used substances with arthropod repellent properties are: N-N-diethylm-toluamide (DEET), 3-(N-acetyl-N-butyl) aminopropionic acid ethyl ester (IR3535), icaridine, permethrin and essential oils. However, it should be remembered that no repellent ever protects 100% all the time after application - its use should be considered as one of many elements of personal protection in the prevention of tick bites.

scholarly journals Assessment of Epizootiological-Epidemiological Situation on Natural Focal Infections in Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalin Territory of the Sakhalin Region

2014 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
E. I. Andaev ◽  
M. V. Chesnokova ◽  
T. I. Borisova ◽  
E. A. Vershinin ◽  
S. A. Tatarnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

Objective of the work was to carry out complex assessment of the current state of epizootic activity and epidemiological significance of the infectious disease natural foci in the Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalin territory of the Sakhalin Region. Trapped were 56 samples of small mammals in July, 2010; collected were 180 specimens of taiga tick imago, caught were 1000 specimens of mosquitoes. 223 samples of blood sera were taken from residents of the region. All the field data were tested to detect specific antibodies, antigens and genetic material of agents. Based on the results of epizootiological investigations, serological and molecular-genetic assays, demonstrated was the occurence of natural foci of leptospirosis, tularemia, tick-borne encephalitis, borreliosis, rickettsiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, West Nile fever, Inco fever, Batai and Geto fevers, as well as HFRS with varying degree of activity manifestation in the territory of the region. Isolated was tick-borne encephalitis virus from mosquitoes.

scholarly journals THE FISHBURN METHOD AS A META-MATHEMATIC STATISTICAL APPROACH IN EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF COMMON AND ATYPICAL AGENTS IN THE ETIOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN ADULTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
O. V Zhukova ◽  
N. F Brusnigina ◽  
S. V Kononova ◽  
E. V Speranskaya ◽  
E. I Efimov
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Fluid ◽  
Weakening Of Immune System ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

The actual guidelines on treatment of pneumonia emphasize necessity of establishment of etiologic diagnosis for therapy rationale. The necessity occurs to group agents according significance of their effect at evaluating etiologic role of a number of agents, for instance under implementation of epidemiological investigations, studying of etiologic structure of infections, planning of medicinal support. In that case, the Fishburn method fits perfectly. The purpose of study is to implement Fishburn method in establishing role of traditional and atypical agents in etiologic structure of community-acquired pneumonia.Materials and methods. The sampling included 172 examined patients aged from 18 to 30 years being under hospital treatment with confirmed diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. The analysis was applied to such biologic substrates as phlegm, blood, lavage (bronchoalveolar fluid). The technique of polymerase chain reaction was used. To determine weight coefficients of every analyzed etiologic agents with their subsequent distribution according percentage in etiologic structure. The Fishburn method was applied. The results. The main agents were established Streptococcus pneumoniae (separated in 86,3% of patients) and Haemophilus influenzae (41,2%). The mixed infection occurred in 65.8% of examined patients. The most propagated are such associations as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae. Conclusion. S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. pneumoniae are independent infection agents related to high and average levels. In the most cases, the detected agents were found in associations. A significant rate of detection of Herpes simplex I/II (16,2%) in blood and saliva of patients with community-acquired pneumonia testifies weakening of immune system. Herpes simplex I/II worsens course of diseases but is not considered as independent infection agent. The data obtained has epidemiological significance and can impact on development of medication support.

The role of intracanal medicaments in inhibition of bacteria isolated from root canals of infected primary molars

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Abdul- Kareem Mahmood ◽  
Dr. Huda Elias Ali ◽  
Dr. Haraa Khairi Abdul-Kadher
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Micro Organisms

Microbes are considered as the primary etiologic agents in endodontic diseases.Disinfection of the root canal is obtained by the combined effect of biomechanicalpreparation, irrigation and intra canal medicament. The aim of the present study wasto assess the antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments (formocresol andEndosepton) against two micro organisms (Streptococcus mutans and staphylococcusaureus) isolated from 15 necrotic pulps of primary molars indicated for pulpectomyprocedure. The samples were cultured, and purified using microbiological evaluation.Broth dilution test was performed in our study by preparing test tubes containing10 ml of BHI broth (pH. 7) which then inoculated with strains of the tested bacteriaand incubated at 37 C° for 24 h. After over night incubaction, ten fold dilution weremade in test tubes containing 9 ml of normal saline by adding 1 ml of the inoculum tothe first tube . Then from dilution 10-1 , 0.1 ml of cell suspension was added to 9.9 mlof formocresol and endosepton, then 0.1 ml was taken and spread on duplicates ofBHI agar plates at different intervals and incubated aerobically for 24 h. at 37 C°.Colonies on the plates were counted after incubation and CFU/mL (colony formingunit) was calculated. Our results indicating that there were no significant differencesbetween the intracanal medicaments, but there were high significant differencesbetween the intervals time of the study. We concluded that both materials had greatantibacterial effect against the pathogens commonly isolated from necrotic pulpaltissue of primary teeth.

Cytology of Nonneoplastic Occupational and Environmental Diseases of the Lung and Pleura

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
pp. 1700-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Laucirica ◽  
Mary L. Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases

Abstract Context.—Cytologic examination of the respiratory tract has been a useful diagnostic tool when evaluating neoplastic lesions of the respiratory tract. However, we have limited experience in the application of this technique in the management of nonneoplastic occupational and environmental diseases of the lung and pleura. This review focuses on the cytologic characteristics of a variety of occupational lung diseases, grouping them into 2 broad diagnostic categories: reactive cellular changes and noncellular elements. The former includes entities such as reactive mesothelial proliferation, goblet cell metaplasia, Creola bodies, and reserve cell hyperplasia, and the latter encompasses Curschmann spirals, Charcot-Leyden crystals, and asbestos bodies. Objective.—To illustrate the cytologic features of several nonneoplastic occupational and environmental diseases and correlate the cytology with various etiologic agents. Data Sources.—Case-derived material and literature review. Conclusions.—The role of cytology in the diagnosis of nonneoplastic occupational and environmental lung diseases is limited. This may be because more than one agent can elicit a similar host reaction and/or the offending agent can be associated with more than one pathologic process. However, in the appropriate clinical and radiographic setting, the cytology can render valuable diagnostic information. Examples include pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in patients with acute silicoproteinosis and asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage samples of patients with asbestos exposure.

Helminthofauna of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) and korsak (Vulpes corsac)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
I.M. Abirova ◽  
N.Zh. Eleugaliyeva ◽  
G.K. Zhumagaliyeva ◽  
M.G. Gusmanov
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
The West ◽  
West Kazakhstan ◽  
The One ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

For humans and domestic animals, parasites of wild animals can pose a threat to health, and even life. In this regard, it is important to establish the pathways of circulation of pathogens of dangerous helminthiasis, to identify the nature of the focus and the role of wild animals in this process, since these data serve as the basis for the development of anti-parasite measures. The study of parasitic organisms of wild animals is of great importance for science and practice. In natural biocenosis, one of their joints is parasitic species, which, on the one hand, are involved in the regulation of the host population; on the other hand, they prevent the introduction and spread of new species related to the host, i.e. participate in ensuring homeostasis of biocenosis. Parasitizing in various hosts, both definitive and intermediate, helminthes can determine the number and distribution over the territory not only of these hosts, but also of other animal species associated with these hosts by trophic and other connections. The foregoing determines the relevance of the problem of studying the fauna of helminthes of wild animals in the West Kazakhstan region, which is currently under-researched. The species composition of helminthes of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the korsak (Vulpes corsac) in the territory of the West-Kazakhstan region region was explored. In most cases, the invasion was recorded in an associative form. Some helminthes cause serious diseases in humans and farm animals. As a result of our research, we identified 6 species of intestinal helminthes in the common fox, two of which (Alveococcus multilocularis, Toxocara canis) have epidemiological significance. In korsak, 3 types of helminthes were identified at the autopsy before the species.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of patients after acute cerebrovascular accident followed by hemodynamically significant stenoses of the brachiocephalic arteries

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
A. G. Shapovalova ◽  
V. G. Rapovka ◽  
A. O. Sobolevskaya ◽  
T. N. Negoda
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Acute Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Epidemiological Significance ◽  
Brachiocephalic Arteries

The literature data is presented covering epidemiological significance of acute cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) in‑ cidence in patients with brachiocephalic arteries lesion. The role of atherosclerotic lesion of carotid arteries in the develop‑ ment of ischemic cerebral stroke is shown. The basic methods for diagnosis of carotid arteries lesion has been analyzed as well as their availability and informative value. A comparative analysis of modern methods for surgical treatment of athero‑ sclerotic lesion of carotid arteries such as carotid endarterectomy (classic and eversion), endovascular procedure has been done. The main advantages and disadvantages of these treatment methods, indications and contraindications for their use are described. The timing of cerebral revascularization in the acute and delayed periods of ischemic stroke was estimated. The role of bilateral lesion of the carotid territory is shown as well as approaches to the treatment strategy of such patients.

scholarly journals THE IDENTIFICATION OF «NEW» PATHOGENS FOR FOCAL INFECTIONS IN IXODES TICKS ON THE TERRITORY OF TULA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
T. V. Kozlova ◽  
T. I. Khomyakova ◽  
V. G. Dedkov ◽  
M. V. Safonova ◽  
L. S. Karan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

The most of ixodes ticks in Tula region belongs to the group of pasture mites. It is generally accepted to estimate the tick’s contamination by the tick-borne encephalitis virus and raoueti inducing Lyme Borellia. The aim of the present work was to educe the aetiologic agents of the set of potentially-enable infections out of ticks Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes сrenulatus collected at the different terrains of Tula Region by PCR method. The results: a considerable number of pathogenic rickettsiae R. raoultii was educes from the ticks D. reticulatus, which including them as the component of mixed infection together with the human monocytic ehrlichiosis agent. R. raoultii was determined in more than a half of the cases in ticks I. ricinus including the mixed infection together with ticks’ borreliosis virus and Kemerovo fever agent. Conclusion. The reasons, induced the quantity changes of the ticks’ distribution at Tula Region terrains, apparently promote the rise in frequency of the ticks contamination with the agents of herd tick-transmissive infection. It demand an infectiologist’s attention rise and dictate the necessity of the above mentioned diseases monitoring as well as Fr. tularensis, the tick-borne encephalitis virus and Lyme disease.

scholarly journals Molecular and cellular basis of pathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
R. F. Nasyrova ◽  
N. V. Ryazantseva ◽  
N. G. Zhoukova ◽  
A. P. Zima ◽  
O. B. Zhoukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Cellular Basis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Intercellular Cooperation ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Main features of pathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis virus’ persistense and outcome of the disease are determined by a complex xharacter of interaction between the virus and immune system of a patient. One of the main terms of pathogenetically im- portant virus activation is a low immune resistanse of an organism. The current article discusses role of modification of cellular dif- ferentiation, intercellular cooperation and cytogenetic instability of immunocytes as well as apoptosis as leading features of immu- nopathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis.

scholarly journals Role of the Dermonecrotic Toxin of Bordetella bronchiseptica in the Pathogenesis of Respiratory Disease in Swine

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Brockmeier ◽  
Karen B. Register ◽  
Tibor Magyar ◽  
Alistair J. Lax ◽  
Gillian D. Pullinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dermonecrotic Toxin ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

ABSTRACT Bordetella bronchiseptica is one of the etiologic agents causing atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia in swine. It produces several purported virulence factors, including the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT), which has been implicated in the turbinate atrophy seen in cases of atrophic rhinitis. The purpose of these experiments was to clarify the role of this toxin in respiratory disease by comparing the pathogenicity in swine of two isogenic dnt mutants to their virulent DNT+ parent strains. Two separate experiments were performed, one with each of the mutant-parent pairs. One-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intranasally with the parent strain, the dnt mutant strain, or phosphate-buffered saline. Weekly nasal washes were performed to monitor colonization of the nasal cavity, and the pigs were euthanized 4 weeks after inoculation to determine colonization of tissues and to examine the respiratory tract for pathology. There was evidence that colonization of the upper respiratory tract, but not the lower respiratory tract, was slightly greater for the parent strains than for the dnt mutants. Moderate turbinate atrophy and bronchopneumonia were found in most pigs given the parent strains, while there was no turbinate atrophy or pneumonia in pigs challenged with the dnt mutant strains. Therefore, production of DNT by B. bronchiseptica is necessary to produce the lesions of turbinate atrophy and bronchopneumonia in pigs infected with this organism.

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