scholarly journals Milk-free diet followed by breastfeeding women

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-189
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Elimination Diet ◽  
P Value ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Low Calcium Diet

Background. Breastfeeding is the most common way of feeding infants. Human milk contains nutrients which are necessary to provide proper growth of a child. Nowadays there aren't any recommendations to follow elimination diet in order to decrease the risk of allergy or baby colic. Only the occurrence of health problems such as lactose intolerance or cow's milk protein allergy in breastfeeding mother or infant should be a reason for eliminating dairy products from diet. It seems to be important to explore the reasons and the frequency of following milk-free diet by breastfeeding women. Objectives. The main purpose of the study was to find the reasons for following milk-free diet by breastfeeding women and making an assessment of their nutrition knowledge and food habits. Material and methods. Thirty-three breastfeeding women following milk-free diet took part in the project. The women were interviewed by the Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method with an original questionnaire. The results were developed with Spearman's rank correlation, Chi2 test and the gamma coefficient. The statistical significance level for the p-value was <0.05. Results. The main reason for following milk-free diet by the breastfeeding women was the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions of the children's gastrointestinal system after consuming milk by mother (72% responses). After excluding milk from diet only 42% respondents declared consuming new food products or dietary supplements in order to refill the potential deficiency of nutrients. The majority of respondents also eliminated from diet highly processed food products, fast-food and the carbonated drinks. The most often declared source of information about lactation was Internet (85%). Only 12% respondents asked a nutritionist in order to get the information about breastfeeding. Conclusions. It's necessary to promote a specific nutritional advice about following milk-free diet in breastfeeding women group in order to decrease the health risk connected with low calcium diet.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCIPLINE AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE TOWARDS EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Dian Rosa Linda ◽  
Puji Astuti ◽  
Satriya Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Job Responsibilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Background: One of problems in an organization or company is poor performance of employees. For instance, they do not complete tasks or finish their job responsibilities on time. The preliminary data taken from one of companies in Surabaya showed that 184 employees did not come to work without any explanations, and 288 employees worked late.Aim: This study analyzed the relationships between discipline and emotional intelligence towards employee performance at the company.Method: The design of this research was analytical using a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was employees at Production and Maintenance Section of one company in Surabaya comprising of 155 people. Out of 155 employees, 89 respondents were taken as samples using a stratified random sampling technique. Then, the data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test with a significance level of α 0.05.Results: This study showed that most of the respondents were very highly disciplined (94.4%) and had a highly emotional intelligence (74.2%). Lastly, most of them perform satisfyingly (50.6%). The results of the analysis test with Spearman’s rank correlation yielded p-value of 0.002 <α 0.05. It means there was a correlation between  discipline attitude and employee performance. The p-value 0.001 which was less than α-value of 0.05 showed that there was a correlation between emotional intelligence and employee performance.Conclusion: Discipline and emotional intelligence are prominent to determine employee performance at PT X. In order to improve the discipline and intelligence in the performance of the employees, the company should provide rewards based on employee’s achievements in the workplace. Key words: Emotional intelligence, Employee performance, Discipline.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCIPLINE AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE TOWARDS EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Dian Rosa Linda ◽  
Puji Astuti ◽  
Satriya Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Job Responsibilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Background: One of problems in an organization or company is poor performance of employees. For instance, they do not complete tasks or finish their job responsibilities on time. The preliminary data taken from one of companies in Surabaya showed that 184 employees did not come to work without any explanations, and 288 employees worked late.Aim: This study analyzed the relationships between discipline and emotional intelligence towards employee performance at the company.Method: The design of this research was analytical using a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was employees at Production and Maintenance Section of one company in Surabaya comprising of 155 people. Out of 155 employees, 89 respondents were taken as samples using a stratified random sampling technique. Then, the data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test with a significance level of α 0.05.Results: This study showed that most of the respondents were very highly disciplined (94.4%) and had a highly emotional intelligence (74.2%). Lastly, most of them perform satisfyingly (50.6%). The results of the analysis test with Spearman’s rank correlation yielded p-value of 0.002 <α 0.05. It means there was a correlation between  discipline attitude and employee performance. The p-value 0.001 which was less than α-value of 0.05 showed that there was a correlation between emotional intelligence and employee performance.Conclusion: Discipline and emotional intelligence are prominent to determine employee performance at PT X. In order to improve the discipline and intelligence in the performance of the employees, the company should provide rewards based on employee’s achievements in the workplace. Key words: Emotional intelligence, Employee performance, Discipline.

scholarly journals Correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsils

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Berwig ◽  
Ana da Silva ◽  
Eliane Corrêa ◽  
Eliane Serpa ◽  
Rodrigo Ritzel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Tonsil Hyperplasia ◽  
Pharyngeal Tonsil

Summary Introduction: Hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil is one of the main causes of mouth breathing, and accurate diagnosis of this alteration is important for proper therapeutic planning. Therefore, studies have been conducted in order to provide information regarding the procedures that can be used for the diagnosis of pharyngeal obstruction. Objective: To verify the correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometric examinations in the diagnosis of pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia. Method: This was a cross-sectional, clinical, experimental, and quantitative study. Fifty-five children took part in this study, 30 girls and 25 boys, aged between 7 and 11 years. The children underwent nasofibropharyngoscopic and cephalometric evaluation to determine the grade of nasopharyngeal obstruction. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient at the 5% significance level was used to verify the correlation between these exams. Results: In the nasopharyngoscopy evaluation, most children showed grade 2 and 3 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 1. In the cephalometry assessment, most children showed grade 1 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 2. A statistically significant regular positive correlation was observed between the exams. Conclusion: It was concluded that the evaluation of the pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia could be carried out by fiber optic nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry, as these examinations were regularly correlated. However, it was found that cephalometry tended to underestimate the size of the pharyngeal tonsil relative to nasopharyngoscopy.

Dentists’ knowledge of fluoride cariostatic mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Kaczmarek ◽  
Wojciech Kowalczyk ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Almost All

Introduction. The use of age- and risk-adjusted caries prevention requires up-to-date knowledge on the cariostatic effects of fluoride, as well as the methods and safety of fluoride prophylaxis. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess dentists’ knowledge of the safety and mechanism of anticaries effects of fluoride. Material and methods. An anonymous questionnaire was conducted among 212 dentists participating in dental training. The questions included in the questionnaire related to knowledge about water fluoridation, fluoride cariostatic mechanisms and the safety of fluoride prophylaxis. The chi-square test and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. A significance level of 0.05 was used. Results. Incorrect knowledge about water fluoridation was demonstrated by 26.9% of respondents in the country and 16.0% of respondents in Europe. Most respondents (80.7%) reported higher efficacy of exogenous vs endogenous anticaries approaches, and more than half of respondents (59.0%) considered the processes of remineralisation and demineralisation as the most important anticaries activity. Almost all respondents (95.7%) agreed that the use of fluoride for caries prevention is controversial, mainly due to its dose-dependent therapeutic or toxic effects (85.4%). According to about 20% of respondents, cariostatic fluoride doses have adverse effects on the general health, mainly in the form of bone fragility (10.4%). Conclusions. Lack of correct knowledge about the dominant cariostatic effects of fluoride may result in the choice of an inappropriate preventive method or avoiding local application of fluoride preparations for fear of adverse systemic effects, which may in turn lead to increased caries prevalence in a given population.

Drivers of e-bidding implementation in the Saudi Arabian construction industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Ahmed M.Z. Sayed ◽  
Sadi Assaf ◽  
Adel S. Aldosary ◽  
Mohammad A. Hassanain ◽  
Abdullatif Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Public Construction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the key drivers for adopting electronic bidding (e-bidding) systems in public construction projects located in Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach Literature review was undertaken to identify the drivers of e-bidding practices. Nine drivers, classified under four categories, were identified. A questionnaire survey was developed to assess the significance of the identified drivers. Responses were obtained from 20 large contractors, classified as Grade I and II contractors in Saudi Arabia, and 12 governmental authorities, representing owners of construction projects. The drivers were ranked according to their respective significance index (SI) values. Finally, a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was employed to ascertain the extent to which the two parties agreed on the significance level of the drivers. Findings Analysis of the identified drivers revealed that the most significant driver was “reduction in the physical storage requirements of bidding paperwork.” Further, a consensus was observed with regards to the significance of the drivers. The findings of the present study highlight the strong potential of widespread e-bidding adoption in Saudi Arabia. It demonstrates the key drivers for the implementation of e-bidding through the perspective of professionals within the context of Saudi Arabia. Originality/value Prior to this study, no previous research has endeavored to assess the drivers of e-bidding adoption in Saudi Arabia. The adoption of e-bidding will benefit organizations through improved efficiencies, which could potentially lower construction costs, thereby contributing to economic growth and benefitting the society at large.

Predictive molecular tumor response through circulating DNA (cDNA) measurements and correlation with established prognostic markers in a series of solid tumors treated with multitargeted epigenetic therapy (MTET).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13015-e13015
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Nezami ◽  
Christian Klowsowski ◽  
Steven Jeffrey Hager
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Epigenetic Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Fisher Exact Probability Test ◽  
Exact Probability ◽  
Significance Level

e13015 Background: Epigenetic dysregulation of certain genes contribute to the progression of cancers. Plasma ctDNA concentrations can reflect these altered genes and have been shown to correlate well with tumor burden. Methods: We planned to assess the correlation value of c DNA on known factors for prediction of overall survival (OS), recognized as surrogates for survival. Ten( 10) genes of interest, namely NOTCH1, FGF2, MYC, RB1, ATM, MET, BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM and, VHL, were selected as being highly influenced by epigenetic control. We included 54 patients with reported cDNA on the genes of interest for this study evaluating the predictive impact of early changes in cDNA in response to multitargeted epigenetic treatment and the patient survival. There were 12 cases with NOTCH1 mutations, 20 cases with MYC mutations, 5 cases with RB1, 15 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, 26 cases with FGF2 mutations, 18 cases with MET mutations, 2 with VHL mutations and 2 cases with ATM mutations, for a total of 100 data points. Tests for statistical significance were completed using the Fisher Exact probability test calculator found at vassarstats.net/tab2x2.html. Significance level was set at α = .05. Results: There was statistically significant (p-value: .046) correlation on the response of the allele frequency of the observed NOTCH1 alteration with similar response in the angiogenesis biomarkers (Plasma VEGF) and presence of circulating tumor cells. There was a significant correlation (p-value: .014) between a decrease in AF of the observed MYC alteration and biomarker/imaging response on follow-up. In the group of 26 identified with FGF2 mutations, 22 saw cDNA alteration fraction(AF) reduction post therapy. 16/26 of them had either c Myc or NOTCH1 alterations. Also 8 /18 cases with c Met alterations shared NOTCH1 or Myc alteration. This represents a statistically significant (p-value: .0001) correlation on the response of the allele frequency of the observed FGFR2 alteration with the response of other biomarkers. Conclusions: There were a number of significant correlations observed between early changes in cDNA allele fractions of specific genes and the later observations of established prognostic markers. We conclude that changes in cDNA mutated allele fractions observed in liquid biopsy may provide an early useful independent prognostic marker for tumors carrying epigenetically influenced targets and their alterations.

scholarly journals Does the P Value Have a Future in Plant Pathology?

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1400-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Madden ◽  
D. A. Shah ◽  
P. D. Esker
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Prior Probability ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Null Hypothesis Statistical Testing

The P value (significance level) is possibly the mostly widely used, and also misused, quantity in data analysis. P has been heavily criticized on philosophical and theoretical grounds, especially from a Bayesian perspective. In contrast, a properly interpreted P has been strongly defended as a measure of evidence against the null hypothesis, H0. We discuss the meaning of P and null-hypothesis statistical testing, and present some key arguments concerning their use. P is the probability of observing data as extreme as, or more extreme than, the data actually observed, conditional on H0 being true. However, P is often mistakenly equated with the posterior probability that H0 is true conditional on the data, which can lead to exaggerated claims about the effect of a treatment, experimental factor or interaction. Fortunately, a lower bound for the posterior probability of H0 can be approximated using P and the prior probability that H0 is true. When one is completely uncertain about the truth of H0 before an experiment (i.e., when the prior probability of H0 is 0.5), the posterior probability of H0 is much higher than P, which means that one needs P values lower than typically accepted for statistical significance (e.g., P = 0.05) for strong evidence against H0. When properly interpreted, we support the continued use of P as one component of a data analysis that emphasizes data visualization and estimation of effect sizes (treatment effects).

scholarly journals Association of Serum Bilirubin with the Severity and Outcomes of Intracerebral Hemorrhages

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1346
Author(s):  
Kai Fu ◽  
Cynthia S. Garvan ◽  
Shelley C. Heaton ◽  
Nandakumar Nagaraja ◽  
Sylvain Doré
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke, and it is often associated with a high mortality rate and significant morbidity among survivors. Recent studies have shown that bilirubin, a product of heme metabolism, can exhibit cytoprotective, antioxidant and, anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the role of bilirubin in combating several pathophysiological pathways caused by intracerebral bleeding in patients with ICH. In this study, data were collected retrospectively on 276 patients with ICH who were admitted to a university hospital between 5 January 2014 and 31 December 2017. We assessed the relationship between levels of total, direct, and indirect serum bilirubin and assessments of initial stroke severity and clinical outcomes by using Spearman’s rank correlation and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. A secondary examination of the carrier protein albumin was also undertaken. Our study found that higher levels of direct bilirubin were correlated with worse admission Glasgow Coma Scales (GCS) (rs = −0.17, p = 0.011), worse admission ICH Scores (rs = 0.19, p = 0.008), and worse discharge modified Rankin Scales (mRS) (rs = 0.15, p = 0.045). Direct bilirubin was still significantly correlated with discharge mRS after adjusting for temperature at admission (rs = 0.16, p = 0.047), oxygen saturation at admission (rs = 0.15, p = 0.048), white blood cell count (rs = 0.18, p = 0.023), or Troponin T (rs = 0.25, p = 0.001) using partial Spearman’s correlation. No statistical significance was found between levels of total or indirect bilirubin and assessments of stroke severity and outcomes. In contrast, higher levels of albumin were correlated with better admission GCS (rs = 0.13, p = 0.027), discharge GCS (rs = 0.15, p = 0.013), and discharge mRS (rs = −0.16, p = 0.023). We found that levels of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and albumin were all significantly related to discharge outcomes classified by discharge destinations (p = 0.036, p = 0.014, p = 0.016, respectively; Kruskal-Wallis H tests). In conclusion, higher direct bilirubin levels were associated with greater stroke severity at presentation and worse outcomes at discharge among patients with ICH. Higher levels of albumin were associated with lower stroke severity and better clinical outcomes. Future prospective studies on the free bioactive bilirubin are needed to better understand the intricate relationships between bilirubin and ICH.

scholarly journals Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Öz Düzenleme Becerileri ile Anne-Baba Tutumları Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir İnceleme / An Investigation on Relation between Self-Regulation Skills of Pre-School Students and Parental Attitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Meryem Esra Öztabak ◽  
Arzu Özyürek
Keyword(s):  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
National Education ◽  
Positive Feeling ◽  
Democratic Attitudes ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This research aims to investigate the relation between self-regulation skills of pre-school students and the effect of parental attitudes.  The subjects of this study consist of 155 children, 79 girls and 76 boys, who were going to the pre-school education institutions affiliated to the Bartın Provincial National Education Directorate and their parents. In order to determine the self regulation skills of the children the “Pre-school Self Regulation Scale” has been applied to the children individually, and to determine the attitudes of the parents the “Family Attitude Inventory” has been used to collect the data. Since there has been no distribution of normality encountered in the test of normality, the Mann-Whitney U test has been used in the two group comparisons, for the correlation between the variables, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient has been used. The significance level has been determined as 0,05.  As a conclusion, no significant correlation has been detected between the attention/impulse control and positive feeling scores, which are sub-dimensions of self regulation skills, and the sub-dimensions and total score’s of family attitudes inventory. It can be obviously seen that especially the attention and impulse sub dimensions of the pre-school girl students in the experimental group have been more developed and that these children show high self-regulation skills in this sub dimension. It was determined that the parents of the study group had the highest attitudes to identify with their children, followed by social mobility, democratic attitudes and compliance behaviors.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada, okul öncesi periyodundaki çocukların öz düzenleme becerileri ile anne-baba tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu Bartın İli Millî Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı anasınıflarına devam eden 79 kız 76 erkek olmak üzere toplam 155 çocuk ve bu çocukların anne-babaları oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında çocukların öz düzenleme becerilerinin belirlenmesinde “Okul Öncesi Öz Düzenleme Ölçeği”, annelerin ve babaların çocuk yetiştirme tutumlarının belirlenmesinde “Aile Tutum Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, puanlar normal dağılım göstermedikleri için iki gruplu karşılaştırmalarda Mann-Whitney U testi, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkide Spearman’s Brown korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Anlamlılık seviyesi olarak 0,05 kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; Okul Öncesi Öz Düzenleme Ölçeği Dikkat/Dürtü Kontrolü ve Olumlu Duygu alt boyutları puanı ile Aile Tutum Envanteri alt boyutları ve toplam puanları arasında anlamlı bağlantı bulunmamıştır. Çalışma grubundaki kız çocukların özellikle Dikkat/Dürtü alt boyutu puanlarının daha fazla olduğu, çocukların dikkat/dürtü alanında yüksek düzeyde öz düzenleme becerileri gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma grubundaki anne-babaların, çocuklarıyla özdeşim kurma davranışlarının en yüksek düzeyde olduğu ve bunu sosyal hareketlilik, demokratik tutum ve uyma davranışının izlediği belirlenmiştir.</p>

scholarly journals Clinical and immunological features of opisthorchiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-635
Author(s):  
A U Sabitov ◽  
D A Soldatov ◽  
Yu B Khamanova
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Diagnostic Center

Aim. To assess the clinical and immunological features in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis, depending on the duration of the infection. Methods. The first group consisted of 19 patients with the duration of the infection up to 1 year, the second group consisted of 21 patients with the duration of the infection between 1 and 5 years, the third group was formed of 23 patients with the duration of the disease more than 5 years, the control group 20 healthy individuals. Immunological research was carried out at the Clinical Diagnostic Center. Statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 6.0 software. The statistical significance of differences was determined by using the MannWhitney test (U-test) at the level of significance of p 0.05. The correlations were assessed by calculating Spearman's rank correlation coefficients.Results Clinical features of chronic opisthorchiasis were revealed in the disease duration groups of up to 1 year, from 1 year to 5 years, more than 5 years: the subclinical course was most common in the group of up to 1 year; cholangiohepatitis prevailed in the group of between 1 to 5 years, allergic skin syndrome, cholangiocholecystitis and pancreatitis dominated in the group of more than 5 years. The immune response in chronic opisthorchiasis was characterized by: up to 1 year lymphocytosis, increased levels of immunoglobulins M (IgM) and circulating immune complexes (CIC), a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes (CD3+), as well as an increase in bactericidal activity of leukocytes (BAL); between 1 and 5 years monocytosis, increased levels of immunoglobulins M, immunoglobulins G and circulating immune complexes, a decrease in T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+) and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT test), as well as an increase in NK cells and phagocytic activity of monocytes, more than 5 years eosinophilia. Conclusion. Common features of rearrangement of the immune system in opisthorchiasis: inflammatory changes in the hemogram, activation of humoral immunity with parallel suppression of the cellular component of the immune system, and increased phagocytosis.

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