scholarly journals Colostro como fonte imunológica e nutricional na criação de bezerras de aptidão leiteira

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Rutiéli Battisti ◽  
◽  
Leticia Trevisan Gressler ◽  
Jullia Sehorek Teixeira ◽  
Eduarda Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Maximum Absorption ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Adequate Quantity ◽  
Transition Milk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Milk Replacers

Facing the absence of transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins to the bovine newborn, the primary objective of this review was to address the colostrum relevance as an immunological source and care needed to perform an adequate colostrum intake. Aiming at the maximum absorption of maternal immunoglobulins, we highlight the maintenance of a colostrum bank in dairy farms, focusing in providing high quality colostrum, in adequate quantity and at the right time after birth. Also, the use of surplus colostrum and transition milk in the form of silage is discussed, being it a restricted nutritional alternative for dairy calves, compared to others, such as whole milk and milk replacers.

A COMPARISON OF WEANING DAIRY CALVES BY BODY WEIGHT VERSUS AGE FROM WHOLE MILK OR MILK-REPLACER

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. Gorrill
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Milk Replacers

Ayrshire bull calves were weaned from whole milk or milk-replacer at 7 weeks of age, and at two different body weights, namely 55 and 46 kg. A maximum of 1.82 kg starter was fed daily to 15 weeks of age and 1.82 kg grower concentrate to 180 days of age.Calf performance did not differ significantly by weaning at 7 weeks or 55 kg. Weight gains to weaning and to 15 weeks were significantly lower for calves weaned at 46 kg. The average 180-day body weights for calves weaned at 7 weeks, 55, and 46 kg were 150, 146, and 140 kg, respectively.Whole milk or milk-replacer feeding produced identical calf growth to 180 days of age. Milk-replacer tended to increase preweaning and decrease post-weaning growth of calves weaned at 46 kg compared with whole milk. The augmented preweaning starter intake by calves fed replacer is discussed in relation to the digestible energy content of milk-replacers. It is suggested that energy supplied by plant carbohydrates should not be included in replacers for early-weaned calves, due to the low digestibility of starch by calves until 3 or 4 weeks of age.

HYDROPONICS IS A NEW PARADIGM AND A WAY OF FODDER PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Popov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
General Concept ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Organic Product ◽  
Know How ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Adequate Quantity

Hydroponics is a way of intensification and a new paradigm of fodder production: from adaptive plant growing to operated cultivation of green mass of the set property. In a review the precondition of introduction of the alternative high-quality green foods "know-how" in completely controllable conditions are presented. Terms and definitions of the general concept and separate parts of hydroponic forage are given. Hydroponics makes for every day providing animals with the adequate quantity of high-quality forage. The hydroponics of forages allows to cultivate ecologically pure and organic product commercially, within economically defensible expenses. The synergy is shown and examples of zootechnical and economic efficiency are resulted.

Prerequisites to support high-quality clinical trials in children and young people

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2019-318677
Author(s):  
Steven Hirschfeld ◽  
Florian B Lagler ◽  
Jenny M Kindblom
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Right ◽  
Support Decision Making

Children have the right to treatment based on the same quality of information that guides treatment in adults. Without the proper evaluation of medicinal products and devices in paediatric clinical trials that are designed to meet the rigorous standards of the competent authorities, children are discriminated from advances in medicine. There are regulatory, scientific and ethical incentives to address the knowledge gap regarding efficacy and safety of medicines in the paediatric population. High-quality clinical trials involving children of all ages can generate data that will ultimately close the knowledge gaps and support decision making.For clinical trials that enrol children, the needs are specialised and often resource intensive. Prerequisites for successful paediatric clinical trials are personnel with training in both paediatrics and neonatology and expertise in clinical trials in these populations. Moreover, national and international networks for efficient collaboration, dissemination of information, and sharing of resources and expertise are also needed, together with competent, efficient and high-quality local infrastructure with effective processes. Monitoring and oversight bodies with the relevant competence, including expertise in paediatrics, is also an important prerequisite for paediatric clinical trials. Compromise in any of these components will compromise the downstream results.This paper discusses the structures and competences needed in order to perform effective, high-quality paediatric clinical trials with the ultimate goal of better medicines and treatments for children. We propose a model of examining the process as a series of components that each has to be optimised, then all the components are actively optimised to function together as an ecosystem, and the resulting ecosystem functions well with the general research system and the healthcare delivery system.

Performance of a new guideline for telephone triage in out-of-hours services in Belgium: A pilot study using simulated patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Stefan Morreel ◽  
Hilde Philips ◽  
Annelies Colliers ◽  
Veronique Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
Telephone Triage ◽  
Out Of Hours ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Urgency Level

Background Patients in Belgium needing out-of-hours care have two options: the emergency department or the general practitioner on call often organised in a general practitioner cooperative. Currently, there is no triage system in Belgium so patients do not know where to go. Methods Our primary objective was to examine the ability of a newly developed telephone guideline, called 1733, to adequately estimate the urgency of health problems presented by simulated patients. Ten clinical vignettes were presented to 12 operators in a simulated phone call. The operators had to assign a protocol, urgency level and resource to dispatch (ambulance, general practitioner house visit, etc.) to each case. Results A total of 120 phone calls were analysed. The operators chose the right protocol in 69% and the correct urgency level in 35% of the cases. The proportion of under- and over-triage was 26% and 39%, respectively. There was important variation in between the operators. The sensitivity for detecting highly urgent cases was 0.42, the specificity 0.92. Conclusion Using the new Belgian 1733 guideline for telephone triage, operators mostly chose the appropriate protocol but only chose the correct urgency in one out of three cases. In this phase of development, the studied telephone guideline is not ready for implementation.

scholarly journals Passage of Digesta from the Abomasum of a Calf Fed Soy Flour Milk Replacers and Whole Milk

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Colvin ◽  
R.A. Lowe ◽  
H.A. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Soy Flour ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

280 Descriptive Characteristics of Preweaned Heifer Raising Practices on China Dairy Farms: Colostrum Quality, Passive Transfer Status and Growth Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Wenli Guo ◽  
Rong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Report System ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Few data are available on the descriptive characteristics of colostrum quality, passive transfer status and growth performance within a national population in China. This study included 110 dairy operations in 23 provinces, and data were obtained from management software, report system and questionnaires from 2015 to 2019. Data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.0, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The results showed that colostrum quality was measured in 96.4% of farms and colostrum was pasteurized in 91.8% of farms. 83.6% of colostrum was excellent (Brix > 22%). Colostrum could be fed to calves within 1 hour after birth in 86.4% of farms. Besides, calves that experienced failure of passive transfer (serum total protein < 5.2 g/dl) decreased from 2015 to 2019 and accounted for 0.75% of calves in 2019. Most farms (48.8%) feed 400 kg - 600 kg milk during the preweaning period and whole milk was the main type of liquid diet accounting for 70.6% of farms. Meanwhile, 22.0% of farms chose to feed forage before weaning, and 90.1% of these farms fed oat hay. The average birth weight of calves was 37.8 kg and the average daily gain of preweaning calves was 848.3 g/d. For preweaning calves, the proportion of single housing was more than 60%, whereas postweaning calves were mainly raised in groups. The morbidity of preweaning calves in China decreased annually, from 43.3% in 2015 to 25.4% in 2019. Digestive diseases and respiratory diseases were two main diseases, and accounted for 46.0% and 38.4%, respectively. This study provides an overview on dairy calves raising practices in China.

Virtual tourism on the example of the defunct Koscelisko medieval church in the North-Western Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Pavel HRONČEK ◽  
◽  
Karol WEIS ◽  
Vladimír ČECH
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Field Research ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The North ◽  
Medieval Church

The primary objective of this paper is to present opportunities for creating virtual 3D models of defunct historical buildings, reconstructed on the basis of archival and field research, and the effective promotion and visualisation of such models through a thematic web application. The secondary objective is to increase the tourism potential and attractiveness of the various historical sites and the studied region. The comprehensive methodical processing of documents and the creation of 3D models of objects and other digital visualisation requires not only high-quality programmers and graphic artists, but especially scientists who create historically-relevant descriptive texts, real schemes, and historically acceptable models that can be computer-processed, visualised, and used as an effective tool for the development of tourism. Research and follow-up activities require an interdisciplinary approach, i.e. the cooperation of experts from various disciplines. The research processed in this study points out that even simple, now widely available modern means of communication, such as websites, can be effectively used for the promotion and publicity of this type of attraction. High-quality 3D models and visualisations of buildings and specific destinations, or cultural and technical monuments, can thus become available to tourists also outside museums. This paper introduces the opportunities of digital presentation of preserved, partially defunct and, especially, completely defunct historical buildings and sites that are often almost unknown to tourists. In many cases, only their shells or foundations remain. In terms of cultural heritage conservation and monument protection, these sites are often among the most important religious buildings from various historical periods. This study focuses on the Middle Ages and locations in Slovakia (former Hungary), and presents a methodology that is generally applicable for the research and visualisation of any similar cultural sites, and thus opening up their potential to tourists.

scholarly journals The beginnings of cardiac catheterization and the resulting impact on pulmonary medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (4) ◽  
pp. L651-L658 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. West
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
The Right

The early history of cardiac catheterization has many interesting features. First, although it would be natural to assume that the procedure was initiated by cardiologists, two of the three people who shared the Nobel Prize for the discovery were pulmonologists, while the third was a urologist. The primary objective of the pulmonologists André Cournand and Dickinson Richards was to obtain mixed venous blood from the right heart so that they could use the Fick principle to calculate total pulmonary blood flow. Cournand’s initial catheterization studies were prompted by his reading of an account by Werner Forssmann, who catheterized himself 12 years before. His bold experiment was one of the most bizarre in medical history. In the earliest studies that followed, Cournand and colleagues first passed catheters into the right atrium, and then into the right ventricle, and finally, the pulmonary artery. At the time, the investigators did not appreciate the significance of the low vascular pressures, nor that what they had done would revolutionize interventional cardiology. Within a year, William Dock predicted that there would be a very low blood flow at the top of the upright lung, and he proposed that this was the cause of the apical localization of pulmonary tuberculosis. The fact that the pulmonary vascular pressures are very low has many implications in lung disease. Cardiac catheterization changed the face of investigative cardiology, and its instigators were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1956.

scholarly journals Integrated Pathology Informatics Enables High-Quality Personalized and Precision Medicine: Digital Pathology and Beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Volynskaya ◽  
Hung Chow ◽  
Andrew Evans ◽  
Alan Wolff ◽  
Cecilia Lagmay-Traya; ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Digital Pathology ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Whole Slide Imaging ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pathology Informatics ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
The Right

Context.— The critical role of pathology in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction demands high-quality subspecialty diagnostics that integrates information from multiple laboratories. Objective.— To identify key requirements and to establish a systematic approach to providing high-quality pathology in a health care system that is responsible for services across a large geographic area. Design.— This report focuses on the development of a multisite pathology informatics platform to support high-quality surgical pathology and hematopathology using a sophisticated laboratory information system and whole slide imaging for histology and immunohistochemistry, integrated with ancillary tools, including electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular diagnostics. Results.— These tools enable patients in numerous geographic locations access to a model of subspecialty pathology that allows reporting of every specimen by the right pathologist at the right time. The use of whole slide imaging for multidisciplinary case conferences enables better communication among members of patient care teams. The system encourages data collection using a discrete data synoptic reporting module, has implemented documentation of quality assurance activities, and allows workload measurement, providing examples of additional benefits that can be gained by this electronic approach to pathology. Conclusion.— This approach builds the foundation for accurate big data collection and high-quality personalized and precision medicine.

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