HYDROPONICS IS A NEW PARADIGM AND A WAY OF FODDER PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION

Author(s):  
Vladimir Popov

Hydroponics is a way of intensification and a new paradigm of fodder production: from adaptive plant growing to operated cultivation of green mass of the set property. In a review the precondition of introduction of the alternative high-quality green foods "know-how" in completely controllable conditions are presented. Terms and definitions of the general concept and separate parts of hydroponic forage are given. Hydroponics makes for every day providing animals with the adequate quantity of high-quality forage. The hydroponics of forages allows to cultivate ecologically pure and organic product commercially, within economically defensible expenses. The synergy is shown and examples of zootechnical and economic efficiency are resulted.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Pavlyuchik ◽  
A. D. Kapsamun, ◽  
N. N. Ivanova ◽  
V. A. Tyulin ◽  
O. S. Silina

Currently, the most urgent task in improving the industry of feed production is the creation of green and raw materials conveyors, which will allow an uninterrupted supply of vegetable raw materials from early spring to late autumn for feeding farm animals and preparing high-quality feed. The research has shown that the most optimal time for mowing alfalfaclover-cereals mixtures with high fodder values is the budding phase - the start of flowering of legume grasses in the conveyor system with 10.6-15.2% of raw protein content in the crop. It was noted that the cultivation of meadow clover varieties of various ripening time mixed with a wide range of alfalfa and cereal grasses lead to the decrease in the effect of unfavorable weather conditions and to 15-20% increase in grass mixtures productivity. The article presents recommendations for the extension of the productive longevity of grass stands up to five years using mixtures with different ripening varieties of meadow clover and alfalfa with grass components of a new generation with productivity up to 32.8 t / ha of green mass.  According to the field test of 2013-2017, the article provides data on the green mass productivity of alfalfa-clover-cereals grass stands with the addition of early ripening varieties of grasses, which for two mowings averaged 29.4 t / ha in 2013-2014 and 30.1 t / ha in 2015-2017.  The methods of creating and using grass mixtures have been indicated, the best time for mowing has been defined by conveyor use of them in the Upper Volga region. The scheme of the green and raw materials conveyor with the use of differently ripening grass mixtures, consisting of new species and varieties of forage grasses of different periods of ripening, is given. It has been established that the use of legume-grass mixtures allows to obtain high-quality raw material for the production of bulk feed within 110-120 days, which acts as the way to increase the efficiency of fodder production. An expanded range of fodder grasses creates the conditions for improving the sustainability of fodder production in less dependence on extreme weather conditions. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Владимир Попов ◽  
Vladimir Popov

Hydroponics of fodder production allows to deliver on an industrial basis cultivation of high quality green forage. Merits and demerits of hydroponics are shown. Standardization of the "know-how" and hydroponic fodder quality is necessary to get the forage of preset properties. The basic attention in a review is given to quality indicators to be standardised and namely to organoleptic signs, dry matter content, metabolizable energy, crude protein, non structural carbohydrates. Terms and definitions of «hydroponic fodder» and its separate components are definately designated. On the basis of numerous sources it is established, that a content of the basic nutrients in hydroponic fodders are varying over a wide range: dry matter – from 100 to 400 g in 1 kg of a forage, crude protein — from 76 to 367 g/kg DM, crude fiber – from 168 to 228 g/kg DM, crude fat — from 19 to 76 g/kg DM, crude ash — from 17 to 107 g/kg DM. Such range of concentration of nutrients allows to form a quality gradation. Data of a zootechnical evaluation of hydroponic fodder in rations of various animal kinds are cited.


2020 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
S.A. Belov ◽  
I.V. Busin

The article reviews four existing technologies for replacing engine oil and a method for determining its suitability for improving economic efficiency. It is established that the oil is replaced according to the need in accordance with the defect indicators. This technology of oil condition is characterized by a more complete use of its resource. The frequency of replacement is determined by the indicators of condition, which is monitored by special sensors built into the engine lubrication system. However, the difficulty of using this technology is due to the lack of high-quality devices for monitoring the state of running engine oil in the engine.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Adler ◽  
Igor Krivtsov ◽  
Dariusz Mitoraj ◽  
Lucía dos Santos-Gómez ◽  
Santiago García-Granda ◽  
...  

In spite of the enormous promise that polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) materials hold for photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications, the fabrication of high-quality PCN photoelectrodes has been a largely elusive goal to date. Here we tackle this challenge by devising, for the first time, a sol–gel approach that enables facile preparation of photoanodes based on poly(heptazine imide) (PHI), a polymer belonging to the PCN family. The sol–gel process capitalizes on the use of a water-soluble PHI precursor composed of nanosized (~10 nm) particles that allows formation of a non-covalent hydrogel. The hydrogel can be deposited on a conductive substrate resulting in formation of mechanically stable porous polymeric thin layers (~400 nm), in contrast to the commonly obtained loosely attached thick particulate coatings. The resulting photoanodes exhibit unprecedented PEC performance in methanol reforming in neutral pH electrolytes with photocurrents of up to 177±27 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> (1 sun illumination) and 320±40 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> (2 sun illumination) at 1.23 V vs. RHE, maintaining such high photocurrents even down to ~0 V vs. RHE. These parameters permit effective operation even without any external electric bias, as demonstrated by bias-free photoreforming of methanol and glycerol, and highly selective (~100%) photooxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (4-MBA). The robust binder-free films derived from sol–gel processing of water-soluble PCN thus represent a new paradigm for high-performance ‘soft-matter’ photoelectrocatalytic systems, and pave the way for further applications in which high-quality PCN films are required.


2011 ◽  
pp. 32-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Young-Jin ◽  
Kim Seang-tae

This chapter introduces e-government theory according to the development of information communication technology (ICT), in which the importance of national informatization has been emphasized and the goal of government has been converted to a new concept: that of e-government. First, we define several national concepts based on the study of those countries and international agencies with the most advanced structures of information society, and from these concepts, we establish the general concept from the viewpoints of supply, demand, and policy. Second, we explain how international agencies (UN, Brown University, Accenture, etc.) measure e-government according to the standards and performance. Third, we explain e-government projects that have been accepted as national policies under the national informatization plans and which have been executed in each country for better public service and efficient administration. Thus we expect that the countries needing a benchmark model while developing their own e-government may adopt the concepts we propose in this paper and may benefit from our experience to quickly embody e-government and evolve into the new paradigm that is mobile-Gov, TV-Gov, or ubiquitous-Gov.


Author(s):  
Zharikova O. ◽  
Pashchenko O.

This article reveals the essence of financial and economic activity of agribusiness according to international standards. The activity of small enterprises, which produce 60-80% of GDP and employ about 70% of the working population, are the main producers in many countries, and it is proved that small business contributes to a fair competitive market by producing a wide range of high quality goods and services. Its importance in the agricultural sector requires the attention of public authorities, as well as scientific and public organizations. According to the financial and economic analysis, it is proved that small farms must be provided with the necessary socio-economic conditions for commodity production. Thus, small businesses need to create dairy farms in the livestock sector, and their activities must meet the requirements of European standards, comply with environmental standards and safety of dairy consumption. Despite the fact that the share of households was 76% of all categories of farms in total milk production, its production requires capital investment in Ukraine. Cooperation is an important way to increase the efficiency of small farms. Service cooperatives can organize the sale and processing of products, provide the farm with feed, equipment and advanced technologies, which will help increase the productivity and economic efficiency of each member of the service cooperative. As a result of the study, it was found that in terms of efficiency and quality, large agricultural enterprises are of great importance in milk production. However, public policy should promote milk production in households and small farms, as they concentrate almost 76% of milk production. Based on the study, we can conclude that currently the problem of the economy is to provide competitive and high-quality marketable dairy products and obtain a large amount of raw milk, and for this it is necessary to keep highly productive breeds of animals, introduce high-performance equipment and new production technologies. milk and quality control of raw milk at all stages of its production and sale to dairy enterprises. It is not possible for households and small farms to carry out these measures on their own. This is possible through the cooperation of small businesses, which will promote the production of quality dairy products, increase productivity and economic efficiency of each member of the cooperative, as well as government support.Keywords: agricultural enterprises, households, farms, milk production, production competitiveness, servicing cooperatives. У даній статті розкрито сутність фінансово-економічної діяльності агробізнесу за міжнародними стандартами. На основі власних досліджень практично та теоретично обгрунтовано діяльність малих підприємств, що виробляють 60-80% ВВП і зайняті близько 70% працездатного населення, є основними виробниками в багатьох країнах, а також доведено, що малий бізнес сприяє формуванню справедливого конкурентного ринку, виробляючи широкий асортимент високоякісних товарів та послуг. Його значення в аграрному секторі вимагає уваги державних органів влади, а також наукових та громадських організацій. За здійсненим фінансово-економічним аналізом доведено, що маленькі фермерські господарства повинні бути забезпечені необхідними соціально-економічними умовами для товарного виробництва. Охарактеризовано, малому бізнесу потрібно створити молочні ферми у галузі тваринництва, а їх діяльність повинна відповідати вимогам європейських стандартів, дотримуватися норм щодо охорони навколишнього середовища та безпеки споживання молочних продуктів. Незважаючи на те, що частка домогосподарств становила 76% усіх категорій ферм у загальному виробництві молока, його виробництво вимагає капітальних вкладень в Україну. Співпраця є важливим способом підвищення ефективності діяльності малих фермерських господарств. Обслуговуючі кооперативи можуть організовувати збут та переробку продукції, забезпечувати ферму кормами, технічними засобами та передовими технологіями, що допоможе підвищити продуктивність та економічну ефективність кожного члена обслуговуючого кооперативу. В результаті проведеного дослідження виявлено, що з точки зору ефективності та якості, великі аграрні підприємства мають велике значення у виробництві молока. Однак державна політика повинна сприяти виробництву молока в домашніх господарствах та невеликих фермерських господарствах, оскільки вони концентрують майже 76% виробництва молока. На основі проведених розрахунків доведено, що в даний час проблема економіки полягає у забезпеченні конкурентоспроможної та якісної товарної молочної продукції та отриманні великої кількості молочної сировини, а для цього необхідно утримувати високопродуктивні породи тварин, впроваджувати високопродуктивні технічні засоби та нові технології виробництва, зберігання сирого молока та контролю якості молочного сировини на всіх етапах його виробництва та реалізації молочним підприємствам. Встановлено, що до-могосподарствам та дрібним фермерським господарствам неможливо здійснити ці заходи самостійно, лише можливо завдяки співпраці малих підприємств, що сприятиме виробництву якісної молочної продукції, підвищенню продуктивності та економічної ефективності кожного члена кооперативу, а також державній підтримці. Ключові слова: аграрні підприємства, домогосподарства, ферми, виробництво молока, конкурентоспроможність виробництва, обслуговування кооперативів.


Author(s):  
Somdech Rungsrisawat

The study takes a new paradigm of state business regulation, based on the synchronization of interests of business, state and society, on the defining the principles of Government participation in the global economic processes. As a tool for business consolidation, improving the efficiency of state regulation, the formation of e-government was considered. The paper characterizes the e-government as a new form of state regulation of economy. The factors of effective e-government implementation strategy were analyzed. The experience of digitalization of governmental functions of modern states, the rates of asynchrony of development of electronic government in the world, relating with the economic efficiency of modern states, were considered.


HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 976-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine M. Davis

Farmers are looking for new crops to grow to diversify their farms and increase profitability. Medicinal herbs are often of interest because they are generally perceived as being easy to grow, in high demand, return good prices, and serve as useful rotational crops. In reality, most farmers who have not previously grown medicinal herbs do not understand the global herb market. They do not know how to find a buyer or which herbs to grow. To help growers produce and market medicinal herbs, we initiated the Medicinal Herbs for Commerce Project. We also conducted studies on production problems for a variety of herbs. An issue that should be addressed is that there are hundreds of medicinal herbs in commerce and it is impossible for a small number of research programs to independently answer all the questions that are being asked by the industry. Developing a consortium of researchers around the world to coordinate efforts on how best to grow and process medicinal herbs and to create a database of information for farmers and agricultural advisors would be a great service for this industry.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Amel Alić

The ‘sofra’ and ‘me′edeba’ are places where not only physiological needs of food consumption which are necessary for physical life are fulfilled, but they are also places where we prepare on fundamental, intellectual, emotional and social levels for participation in the society, adoption of basic knowledge about ways to satisfy own and others’ needs for safety, belonging, recognition, love, (Self) respect, and living of aesthetic and intellectual values. Before we sit at the ‘sofra’, we participate in serving of the food, and we learn to listen to and look at each other, to educate all senses by exchanging impressions and opinions about tastes. If all meanings of ‘sofra’ and ‘me’edeba’ are satisfied, we always happily go back to that place, but we also know how to transfer that knowledge to the next generation. Therefore, we learn to adopt culture through enculturation processes. The most explicit changes in dimension of adaptability and cohesion suggest that Bosnian family, besides social, economy, and political changes, passes through unprecedented and unique transformation, which could be connected to far more complex cultural changes – what we assume to be – transformation of normative / relational collectivism and individualism, increased migrations, different / changed role of religion, and a new paradigm of identity definition. In that sense, this article represents an attempt to determine in what way different custom, forms and functions of Bosnian family, above all, the dominant structure and functions, changes throughout the past three decades.


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